Synthesis and Functionalization of Coumarin-Pyrazole Scaffold: Recent Development, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Heterocycles are the main structural motif of DNA and RNA and play a crucial role in various chemical reactions of metabolisms. Therefore, heterocyclic compounds show good physiological and pharmacological properties. Coumarin and pyrazole scaffolds are present in many commercial drug molecules and natural products. This review overviews the progress made in the synthesis and functionalization of the coumarin- pyrazole hybrid heterocycle. It also includes discussion on the possible reactive sites of heterocycles, functionalization, and mechanistic pathways to incorporate pyrazole pharmacophore unit in synthesis. Several synthesis and biological studies reveal that the combination of the coumarin-pyrazole moiety is a prominent structural motif to find lead compounds in drug discovery.

Diacetoxyiodobenzene mediated one-pot synthesis of diverse carboxamides from aldehydes.

A novel, one-pot, and highly facile protocol has been devised for an easy access of a series of novel glycosyl carboxamides from aldehydes using diacetoxyiodobenzene in the presence of ionic liquid at ambient temperature.

Facile route for N 1-aryl benzotriazoles from diazoamino arynes via CuI-mediated intramolecular N-arylation.

A facile and high-yielding protocol for diverse benzotriazoles through intramolecular N-arylation of different o-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazenes using CuI/Cs2CO3 has been developed.

Functional behaviour of polyethylene-ZnO nanocomposites.

Hybrid inorganic-organic nanocomposite materials are of current interest because of their multifunctionality, ease of processability, and potential for large-scale manufacturing. The focus of this study is to ascertain the functional properties of the commodity plastic impregnated with ZnO/starch nanocomposites. ZnO/starch nanocomposites was prepared by a simple process using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursor and soluble starch as stabilizing agent. The peak obtained in terms of wavelength from UV-visible spectrum is converted in terms of particle size using effective mass approximation method. The plastic sheet of 50 microm thickness was prepared by hot blow method using 1:1 ratio of HDPE:LLDPE and 1% concentration of ZnO/starch nanocomposites. The morphological analysis was carried out using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. For antibacterial activity, evaluation was carried out with Staphylococcus aureus (AATCC 6538), a Gram-positive bacterium and Klebsiella pneumoniae (AATCC 4352), a Gram-negative bacterium. Excellent UV blocking ability was noticed in nanocomposites when compared to the control.

Spectroscopic characterization of zinc oxide nanorods synthesized by solid-state reaction.

Well-crystallized zinc oxide nanorods have been fabricated by single step solid-state reaction using zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide, at room temperature. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) stabilized zinc oxide nanorods were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction revealed the wurtzite structure of zinc oxide. The size estimation by XRD and TEM confirmed that the ZnO nanorods are made of single crystals. The growth of zinc oxide crystals into rod shape was found to be closely related to its hexagonal nature. The mass ratio of SLS:ZnO in the nanorods was found to be 1:10 based on the thermogravimetric analysis. Blue shift of photoluminescence emission was noticed in the ZnO nanorods when compared to that of ZnO bulk. FT-IR analysis confirmed the binding of SLS with ZnO nanorods. Apart from ease of preparation, this method has the advantage of eco-friendliness since the solvent and other harmful chemicals were eliminated in the synthesis protocol.