Development of the Student Nurse Subjective Evaluation of Completed Clinical Practice Placement Instrument.

BACKGROUND: Instruments that measure clinical learning environments have lacked rigorous methodological approaches in their development and validity. METHOD: Development research using a survey design approach was conducted for an instrument to evaluate the quality of nursing students' clinical practice placement. RESULTS: The development and validity of the Student Nurse Subjective Evaluation of Completed Clinical Practice Placement (SNEP) resulted in a 40-item instrument to evaluate nursing students' experience of their completed clinical practice placement. Adequate level of model fit was indicated (χ2[719] = 1909.47, p < .001) for the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df = 2.66, comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.92, and root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.07). Standardized factor loadings were high, ranging from 0.68 to 0.95. CONCLUSION: The SNEP was designed and validated incorporating the perspective of various nurse stakeholders and can be used in both research and clinical learning environments. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(10):559-569.].

Longitudinal Associations Between Athletes' Psychological Needs and Burnout Across a Competitive Season: A Latent Difference Score Analysis.

Participation in sport can paradoxically be a source of psychological needs satisfaction and psychological needs frustration. Self-determination theory was applied to explain temporal relationships of athletes' psychological needs satisfactions and psychological needs frustrations with burnout through a two-wave longitudinal study. Participants included 184 athletes (Mage = 24.04 years, SD = 5.56, 67.9% male) representing a range of competitive levels. A latent difference score model specifying longitudinal relationships between burnout and needs satisfactions and needs frustrations was tested. Significant within-variable changes were observed for all needs-satisfaction and needs-frustration variables. Longitudinal associations were found in Models 3 (autonomy frustration) and 6 (relatedness satisfaction). Higher burnout at baseline predicted an increase in autonomy frustration (ß = 0.13, p < .05), whereas higher relatedness satisfaction at baseline reduced burnout levels later in the season (ß = -0.22, p < .001). To conclude, continuous tracking of athlete burnout levels and fostering of needs-supportive climates that minimize autonomy-controlling behaviors are recommended for the burnout prevention in athletes.

Segmentation of intentions towards COVID-19 vaccine acceptance through political and health behaviour explanatory models.

BACKGROUND: Management of the COVID-19 pandemic has been plagued by an online 'infodemic', not least on the topic of vaccine safety. Failure to vaccinate is often addressed with corrective, factually based information. However, this may be overly simplistic. European vaccine hesitancy levels correlate closely with popularity of populist parties while scientific populism refers specifically to populist distrust in scientific expertise. AIMS AND METHOD: Combining an evaluation of risk through the health belief model and the cognitive constructs from the theory of planned behaviour, with the influence of populist statements, anticipated regret, trust, and past healthcare behaviour, an online survey explored the components of vaccine decisions amongst a demographically representative Irish adult sample (N = 1995). RESULTS: The regression model accounted for a large proportion of variance amongst the total sample. A primary set of influences suggests a considered risk evaluative decision-making approach while a second tier of weaker influences incorporates a broader set of values beyond cost-benefit analysis. Six ideological subsets were identified through K-means analysis. Segments were differentiated by subjective norms attitudes (particularly around social media), populist political attitudes, self-efficacy, perceptions of COVID-19 severity, and susceptibility to the condition. CONCLUSIONS: While the 'right thing to do' is clear when viewed through a lens of scientific expert advice, this is precisely the paradigm which populist movement rejects. Segmentations, such as the outputs from this study, validate the importance of proactively engaging with diverse communities both on and offline and afford a framework for developing and evaluating more refined, targeted, policies and interventions.

Comparing Mental Health of Athletes and Non-athletes as They Emerge From a COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown.

Athletes going through transition periods such as injury or retirement have previously reported feelings of depression and anxiety, especially when feeling unsupported. Cessation of competitive sport during the pandemic has forced athletes through a non-normative transition and has reduced many opportunities to satisfy their basic psychological needs increasing the risk of poor wellbeing and loneliness. Whilst athletes are often praised for their resilience-a trait that serves to support them during tough times-the inability to play sport can be particularly challenging for those with strong athletic identities. An online cross-sectional survey (n = 744) was conducted to capture adult athlete and non-athlete mental health factors (specifically wellbeing, depression, anxiety, loneliness) during emergence from a COVID-19 lockdown. Results showed that resilience was positively correlated with mental health but was no higher in athletes than non-athletes. Furthermore, athletes reported greater anxiety than non-athletes, a difference mediated by negative affectivity-a subfactor of athletic identity. We present evidence that after a temporary transition away from sport, athletes' resilience is comparable to non-athletes leaving them just as likely to suffer poor mental health. Moreover, athletes with strong athletic identities are likely to experience anxiety symptoms above and beyond those reported by non-athletes. Findings have implications for the development of self-management guidance for athletes as the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on sport participation continue.

Athletes' Psychological Needs and Coaches' Interpersonal Behaviors: A Within-Person Latent Profile Analysis.

Basic psychological needs theory is limited by variable-centered studies focused on linear relationships between perceived needs-supportive/controlling coach behaviors. Therefore, latent profile analysis was used to determine if heterogenous profiles emerged from the interactive effects of needs-supportive and -controlling coach behaviors and the subsequent association with sport-specific mental health outcomes (i.e., burnout and subjective vitality). A total of 685 athletes took part (age = 23.39 years, male = 71%), and the latent profile analysis revealed five novel, diverse profiles, labeled as "supportive-developmental," "needs-indifferent," "overly critical," "harsh-controlling," and "distant-controlling" coaches. The profiles predicted significant mental health variance (adjusted R2 = .15-.24), wherein the "supportive-developmental" profile scored most favorably on 90% of the outcomes. The largest mean differences were observed against the "harsh-controlling" (n = 5), "overly critical" (n = 3), and "distant controlling" (n = 2) profiles. Overall, latent profile analysis revealed substantial nuance in athletes' social contexts, predicting variance in mental health. Needs-supportive interventions are needed for "overly critical," "harsh controlling," and "distant controlling" athlete profiles.

Testing the factor structure of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale in adolescents: A bi-factor modelling methodology.

AIM: Despite extensive use in mental health research and practice, limited evidence exists for the hypothesised unidimensional model of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale in adolescents. Few studies have assessed competing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) models, and the instrument has yet to be assessed in younger adolescents in Northern Ireland, a jurisdiction characterised by high rates of mental illness. SUBJECT AND METHODS: School pupils (n=1,673) aged 13-18 years (M = 14.87, SD = 1.16), including 1,036 females, 997 urban children, and 312 from lower socio-economic status, completed psychometric tests. Seven CFA models based on extant research were tested, including unidimensional, bi-factor, higher-order and clustered. RESULTS: Several models, including the default unidimensional model, did not achieve recommended CFA fit thresholds. Model 6 comprising one strong 'general well-being' factor and three residual factors (i.e., figuratively labelled: 'Affective', 'Psychological Functioning' and 'Social Relationships') was confirmed as the superior model. Most item variance was explained by the general factor, relative to residual factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents predominantly conceptualise well-being as a unitary construct that coexists with relatively weak affective, psychological and social relationship domains. Researchers and practitioners should foremost calculate a composite score of well-being, and if appropriate, explore sub-domains to supplement understanding of adolescent well-being.

Post-traumatic growth, illness perceptions and coping in people with acquired brain injury.

Post-traumatic growth is a process by which an individual who has faced a significantly adverse and life-altering event, can show evidence of an ability meaningfully to construe benefits from such adversity. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a sample of people with acquired brain injury (ABI), the contribution of illness perceptions, distress, disability, and coping strategies and health to post-traumatic growth. Seventy people with an ABI took part in this cross-sectional investigation, comprising 70% males and 30% females. Traumatic brain injury accounted for the majority of brain injuries (56%), with 31% arising from a cerebrovascular accident and the remaining 13% arising from hypoxia, brain tumours, brain abcesses and encephalitis. The average time since injury was 70.43 months (SD = 55.30, range = 7-350). Participants completed assessments comprising post-traumatic growth (Post-traumatic Growth Inventory), beliefs about their condition (Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised), coping strategies (Brief COPE), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and functional disability (Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure). All participants were accessing post-acute brain injury rehabilitation and support services. Results showed that greater levels of post-traumatic growth were associated with greater use of adaptive coping strategies (r = .597), lower levels of distress (r = -.241) and stronger beliefs about treatment-induced controllability of the effects arising from brain injury (r = .263). Greater use of adaptive coping strategies accounted for the greater proportion of the variance in post-traumatic growth (sr (2) = 0.287) and was the only variable found to make a unique and statistically significant contribution to the prediction of growth. Illness perceptions more generally were not significantly associated with growth experiences. This study provides additional evidence of the factors associated with the process of post-traumatic growth, in particular adaptive coping strategies that may help to facilitate growth, although the direction of this relationship requires further empirical investigation. The findings of this study may have implications for professionals providing neurorehabilitation services.

Prediction of self-monitoring compliance: application of the theory of planned behaviour to chronic illness sufferers.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes and asthma are chronic illnesses that affect a substantial number of people. The continued high cost of clinic- and hospital-based care provision in these areas could be reduced by patients self-monitoring their condition more effectively. Such a move requires an understanding of how to predict self-monitoring compliance. Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) makes it possible to predict those clients who will comply with medical guidelines, prescription drug intake and self-monitoring behaviours (peak flow or blood sugar levels). Ninety-seven clients attending a medical centre located in a large urbanised area of Northern Ireland completed TPB questionnaires. Significant amounts of variance explained by the TPB model indicated its usefulness as a predictor of self-monitoring behaviour intentions in the sample. The results also highlighted the importance of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control within the TPB in predicting intentions. The utility of the TPB in this study also provides evidence for health promotion professionals that costly clinic/hospital treatment provision can be reduced, whilst also being satisfied with ongoing client self-monitoring of their condition.

Precursors and mediators of intergroup reconciliation in Northern Ireland: a new model.

We examined social psychological factors contributing to the restoration of the intergroup relationship between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. A theoretical model of reconciliation orientation (ROM) was developed, with intergroup forgiveness and subjective evaluation of past violence as the main precursors of that orientation. Data from a Northern Irish sample (N=318) validated and extended the model. Forgiveness and evaluation of past violence were predicted by 'competitive victimhood' (a belief in having suffered more than the out-group), negatively and positively, respectively. These associations were fully accounted for by the strength of identification with the in-group and trust in the out-group. Empathy functioned mainly as a direct predictor of forgiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.