El aparato fonoarticulador: importancia en la comunicación hablada de profesionales de la educación / The phonoarticulator system: it's importance in the spoken communication of educational professionals

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar la importancia del aparato fonoarticulador como soporte teórico, específicamente para el profesional de la educación en los diferentes niveles de enseñanza, con el objetivo de que comprenda los trastornos psicofisiológicos que puedan manifestarse, a fin de evitarlos y obtener mejores resultados en la realización del acto verbovocal. Se proponen recomendaciones para su uso y protección de acuerdo con estudios realizados.

ABSTRACT The present article aims to highlight the importance of the phonoarticqwa ulator system, specifically in the educational professional at different levels of education, which serves as theoretical support for the teacher to understand the psychophysiological disorders that may manifest themselves in order to avoid them to obtain better results in the communication performance act. Recommendations for its use and protection are proposed, according to studies carried out.

A single dose of the novel chimeric subunit vaccine E2-CD154 confers early full protection against classical swine fever virus.

Classical swine fever is an economically important, highly contagious disease of swine worldwide. Subunit vaccines are a suitable alternative for the control of classical swine fever. However, such vaccines have as the main drawback the relatively long period of time required to induce a protective response, which hampers their use under outbreak conditions. In this work, a lentivirus-based gene delivery system is used to obtain a stable recombinant HEK 293 cell line for the expression of E2-CSFV antigen fused to porcine CD154 as immunostimulant molecule. The E2-CD154 chimeric protein was secreted into the medium by HEK293 cells in a concentration around 50mg/L in suspension culture conditions using spinner bottles. The E2-CD154 immunized animals were able to overcome the challenge with a high virulent CSF virus strain performed 7days after a unique dose of the vaccine without clinical manifestations of the disease. Specific anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ were induced 8days after challenge equivalent to 14days post-vaccination. The present work constitutes the first report of a subunit vaccine able to confer complete protection by the end of the first week after a single vaccination. These results suggest that the E2-CD154 antigen could be potentially used under outbreak conditions to stop CSFV spread and for eradication programs in CSF enzootic areas.

Thermal stress treatment does not affect the stability and protective capacity of goat milk derived E2-marker vaccine formulation against CSFV.

Classical swine fever virus produces a huge mortality in infected herds during recurrent outbreaks, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. In this scenario, it is common that cold-chain related issues affect the efficacy of virus attenuated-derived vaccines, which are frequently used in eradication programs. In the present work, the stability and protective capacity of a recombinant vaccine preparation, based on goat milk derived E2 glycoprotein extracellular domain, were both analyzed after incubation at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 1 week. Differences in the viscosity and in the homodimeric form of the antigen were observed after comparing physicochemical properties of stressed and not stressed vaccine formulations. However, these differences did not affect the immunogenicity and protective capacity of such preparations. Noticeably, pigs immunized with the E2-based vaccine subjected to thermal stress became totally protected from the viral infection, after a challenge with 10(5) PLD(50) of a high virulent classical swine fever strain. This result supports the practical value of this vaccine preparation mostly for those regions in which cold-chain related failures tend to affect the protective capability of conventional virus attenuated vaccines.

Polyethylenimine-based transfection method as a simple and effective way to produce recombinant lentiviral vectors.

HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors (LvV) are within the most attractive gene delivery vehicles in the context of both dividing and quiescent cells. LvV is currently produced by the conventional calcium phosphate precipitation method. Nevertheless, this procedure is highly susceptible to variations in pH and impurities, which lead to inconsistencies in LvV production. Here, we present a simple and robust procedure for LvV production using branched 25 kDa polyethylenimine, with a transfection efficiency of over 90% and viral titer yields of about 1 x 10(7) infective lentiviral particles per milliliter. The procedure outlined is simple, consistent, and as inexpensive as the CaPO(4)-based method.

Ventilación mecánica artificial durante el traslado de pacientes con traumatismos cráneo encefálicos / Mechanical ventilation in transfering patients whit cranio-encephalic traumatism

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de los pacientes con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoencefálico trasladados por el servicio de emergencias médicas del SIUM de Villa Clara durante un período de 6 años (1999-2004), con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de la ventilación artificial mecánica según algunas variables de interés. El mecanismo del trauma en mas de la mitad de los casos fueron los accidentes viales (52,5 por ciento) seguido de las caífas de alturas (29,1 por ciento), 98 pacientes necesitaron VAM, de los cuales 47 fueron considerados severos según el Glasgow (menor o igual 8 puntos) y el resto por otras causas. El rescate se realizó en el lugar sólo en los 46,3 por ciento de los casos y el resto en los PPU municipales. No hubo fallecidos durante el traslado(AU)

Predicción de mortalidad por insuficiencia cardíaca

El manejo de la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva ha sufrido cambios dramático como consecuencia de la profundización en los mecanismos fisiopalógicos y la aparición de nuevas drogas. Dentro de este contexto un tratamiento adecuado depende en gran medida de un diagnóstico oportuno de la causa y el pronóstico para cada paciente. El presente estudio incluyó 75 pacientes ingresados con ICC, que cumplieron los criterios de Framingham. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para calcular la posibilidad de morir durante el ingreso. Los pacientes fueron estratíficados según la probabilidad de morir al ingreso y se estableció la relación entre esta probabilidad y el resultado al egreso, según el estadío funcional o el fallecimiento. Con probabilidades inferiores a 0,1 el pronóstico fue muy favorable, sólo fallecio un paciente (14,29 por ciento); mientras que probabilidades superiores a 0,3 el 88,89 por ciento falleció. El grupo de pacientes con probabilidades emtre 0,1 y 0,3, con un pronóstico menos definido, podrían ser beneficiados con acciones para modificarlo favorablemente. El punto de acción más importante parece ser el tratamiento