RESUMEN
The aims of the present study were: a) to estimate the minimal dose of gamma irradiation required to reduce 5 log CFU/g of native O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli population in ground beef samples inoculated with high inoculum; b) to assess its effectiveness in samples with low inoculum and 3) to evaluate consumer acceptance. Based on the results, 1 kGy was estimated as the minimal dose of gamma irradiation required to reduce 5 log CFU/g of STEC in ground beef. However, when samples with low inoculum level were subjected to 1 kGy, 3.9% of the samples were positive for stx and eae genes after an enrichment step. Consumer acceptance analysis was carried out with samples subjected to 2.5 kGy and no significant differences were found between irradiated and control samples. Therefore, 2.5 kGy was identified as the gama irradiation dose that reduces STEC but has no impact on consumer acceptance of ground beef.
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Irradiación de Alimentos/métodos , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Argentina , Bovinos , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Rayos gamma , Humanos , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) is extremely rare and habitually manifests as a systemic disease with multiorgan failure that rapidly evolves to death. The neoplastic natural killer (NK) cells usually harbor the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with a latent viral infection pattern type II; they often have a cytoplasmic CD3ε+ and surface CD3-, CD2+, and CD56+ immunophenotype, and they show complex genetic abnormalities affecting multiple tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. We present a rare case of CD56-negative ANKL and review the clinical and laboratorial criteria for the diagnosis, as well as the available therapies. CASE PRESENTATION: A European 36-year-old male presented with acute onset fever, pallor, weakness, and jaundice. He had hepatosplenomegaly, severe pancytopenia, hepatic cytolysis, and very high serum lactic dehydrogenase levels. The bone marrow studies resulted in the diagnosis of an EBV-positive, CD56-negative ANKL. The patient failed to respond to gemcitabine and cisplatin-based polychemotherapy, dying three months later with leukemic meningitis and multiple cranial nerves palsies. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of ANKL is difficult and requires both clinical suspicion and an extensive laboratorial approach. Absence of CD56 expression on the neoplastic NK cells may impose difficulties in the diagnosis, which requires morphological, immunophenotypic, histopathological, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular studies.
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BACKGROUND: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is the second most common neoplasia after adult kidney transplantation (KT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 8 adult patients who underwent KT in our center, diagnosed with PTLD between 2001 and 2014. RESULTS: Six patients were men. The median age at presentation was 43 years and the median time since transplantation was 7.3 years. Three patients had previously received anti-thymocyte globulin/OKT3, and all were taking calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) at diagnosis. The monomorphic type was the most common, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as the origin. The most frequent presentation was fever. Four in five patients had Epstein-Barr-related PTLD. All patients received various regimens of immunosuppression reduction (IR), with 4 converting CNI to mTOR inhibitor (imTOR). Subsequent treatment (when needed) was chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The maximum follow-up time was 6.7 years, with a 50% mortality rate that occurred at a median time of 3.5 months (2 died with functioning kidney). All 4 patients who were in remission at the end of follow-up had CNI conversion to imTOR, and none lost the allograft. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of cases, our results confirm the high PTLD impact in overall and allograft survival. Our PTLD type distribution is in accord with the literature. First-line PTLD treatment is IR, but the best method is still unknown; our results may suggest a beneficial effect of CNI conversion to imTOR.
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Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/etiología , Adulto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Portugal/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Factores de Tiempo , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare CEUS and MDCT features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in relation to tumor size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with pathological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and studied by means of CEUS and MDCT were enrolled in this study. Two radiologists evaluated tumor size, site and imaging appearance. Patients in which at least one method yielded a positive result were divided into 4 groups on the basis of lesion size. For each dimensional category, sensitivity of the two imaging methods was calculated and compared using McNemar test. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three patients were included in this study. In 9 of 133 patients neither MDCT nor US/CEUS could identify the lesion, while in 9 of 133 patients only MDCT and in 13 of 133 only US/CEUS could identify the lesion. In the remaining 102 patients, both MDCT and US/CEUS yielded a positive result. US/CEUS sensitivity was 86.47% while MDCT sensitivity was 83.58%, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.523). For lesions smaller than 2 cm US/CEUS had a 100% sensitivity, while MDCT had a 73.33% sensitivity with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.125). For lesions between 2.1 and 3 cm US/CEUS had a sensitivity of 95.35%, while MDCT had a sensitivity of 83.72% with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.180). For lesions between 3.1 and 4 cm, US/CEUS had a sensitivity of 87.88%, while MDCT had a sensitivity of 93.94% with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.688). For lesions larger than 4 cm US/CEUS, had a sensitivity of 90.91%, while MDCT had a sensitivity of 100% with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.250). CONCLUSION: US/CEUS sensitivity in diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is adequate and does not statistically differ from that of MDCT. US/CEUS sensitivity seems to be higher for small and medium lesions, while MDCT sensitivity is higher for large lesions. By combining both the imaging methods a higher accuracy in diagnosing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be expected.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Medios de Contraste , Aumento de la Imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Ultrasonografía , Adenocarcinoma/irrigación sanguínea , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Páncreas/irrigación sanguínea , Páncreas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The aim of our study was to determine whether the enhancement pattern of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is related to patient prognosis after resection. CEUS of 42 resected adenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed. Tumors were divided into two groups: group A=poorly vascularized (presence of avascular areas) or group B=well vascularized (absence of avascular areas). All lesions were resected and underwent pathological examination assessing tumor differentiation as: undifferentiated (poorly differentiated) or differentiated (moderately and well differentiated). Mean vascular density (MVD) was also evaluated. CEUS enhancement and pathology were correlated (Spearman's test). Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Cox regression model. There were 30 differentiated and 12 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas at pathology. At CEUS, 10 lesions were poorly vascularized, whereas 32 lesions were well vascularized. Positive correlation was observed between CEUS groups and tumoral differentiation (rs=0.51; p=0.001) and between CEUS and MVD (rs=0.74; p<0.0001). Median survival in patients with group A vascularization at CEUS was significantly lower than in group B (p=0.015). Cox proportional hazard model revealed the presence of poorly vascularized tumor at CEUS (p=0.0001) as a predictor of higher mortality. In conclusion, CEUS enables accurate depiction of the vascularization of adenocarcinoma, with positive correlation to histology grade and MVD.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Pancreatectomía/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Ultrasonografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Anciano , Medios de Contraste , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Cuidados Preoperatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Renal alterations in hypothyroidism include decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. We herein report a case of amiodarone -induced hypothyroidism associated with a rapid decrease of renal function, reversible upon amiodarone withdrawal. A 72-year-old man presented to our clinic in August 2007 reporting a recent deterioration of renal function. Ten weeks before he was admitted to another hospital for a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia treated with carvedilol 12.5 mg/day and amiodarone 400 mg/day. On admission, laboratory tests revealed altered renal function (serum creatinine 6 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen 78 mg/dl) and severe hypothyroidism (free T4 0.27 pg/ml, free T3 1.49 pg/ml, TSH 183.36 mU/l). Amiodarone and carvedilol were stopped, while levothyroxine 75 mcg/die was started. After three months renal function had completely recovered to 1.9 mg/dl, BUN 28 mg/dl, with concurrent improvement of thyroid function free T4 14.2 pg/ml, free T3 6.4 pg/ml, TSH 15.5 mU/l.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Amiodarona/efectos adversos , Antiarrítmicos/efectos adversos , Hipotiroidismo/inducido químicamente , Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Anciano , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Taquicardia Supraventricular/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Herpes Zóster/complicaciones , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/complicaciones , Seudolinfoma/etiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Betametasona/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Seudolinfoma/diagnóstico , Seudolinfoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Melfalán/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapéutico , Eliminación de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Movilización de Célula Madre Hematopoyética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Linfoma no Hodgkin/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Portugal , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The authors report a case of a pregnancy with a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A histological association of high-grade B-cell and a MALT type lymphoma was found which, to their best knowledge, is described for the first time in pregnancy.
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Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Neoplásicas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Inducción de Remisión , Vincristina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Brief tetanic stimulation of parallel fibres can evoke a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in cerebellar Purkinje cells that is mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). It is likely that the receptor subtype involved is mGluR1, which couples to the production of diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). We therefore examined whether the mGluR-EPSP is associated with an increase in cytosolic free calcium [Ca2+]i using simultaneous Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings. An mGluR-EPSP could be evoked in all nine Purkinje cells tested. In all but one this potential was not associated with measurable changes in [Ca2+]i whereas single calcium spikes produced large Ca2+ transients. In the one Purkinje cell where [Ca2+]i was elevated, the rise was estimated to be roughly 20-fold smaller than that produced by a single Ca2+ spike.
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Calcio/farmacología , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Células de Purkinje/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/efectos de los fármacos , Transmisión Sináptica/fisiología , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , RatasRESUMEN
Thrombocytopenia with absent radius syndrome (TAR) is a rare disorder appearing at birth or soon after. The heredity pattern is autosomal recessive, although some patients in successive generations have been reported. A 24 year-old woman is presented who had moderate thrombocytopenia and shortened forearms due to lack of radius, with preserved thumbs. Her peripheral blood was normal but for a decreased platelet count. The bone marrow megakaryocytes were decreased as well. No other relatives were affected. The association of thrombocytopenia and bilateral radius aplasia, along with the differential diagnosis, are commented, stress being laid on the fact that the patient was diagnosed in adulthood.
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Ectromelia/complicaciones , Radio (Anatomía)/anomalías , Trombocitopenia/complicaciones , Anomalías Múltiples , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , SíndromeRESUMEN
We have identified and studied potential ionotropic glutamate receptor genes in pigeon brain. Three cDNA clones exhibit significant amino acid sequence identity to members of a rodent ligand-gated ion channel family. One of them, GluP-II, encodes a full-length AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor GluR2 (GluR-B) homologue, whereas the other two partial clones, designated as GluP-III and -IV, are nearly identical to rodent GluR3 (GluR-C) and GluR4 (GluR-D) receptor subunits. Northern analysis demonstrated that the avian genes are widely expressed in the brain. Within the brain regions analyzed by in situ hybridization histochemistry, the three avian GluR subunits showed distinct and regionally specific mRNA expression patterns in the adult. Most of the differences in their expression were observed in cell types of the telencephalon, certain thalamic nuclei, the optic tectum, and the cerebellar cortex. A particularly striking finding was the expression of GluP-II in Golgi epithelial/Bergmann glial cells. In contrast, Bergmann glial cells in rat cerebellum do not express GluR2 (GluR-B) subunit genes. Immunoreactivity for a monoclonal sequence-specific antipeptide antibody was widespread and most prominent in Purkinje cell perikarya and their dendrites, neuronal cell bodies of the ectostriatum, and the deep optic tectum. These results demonstrate the existence of multiple subunits of the ionotropic glutamate receptor channel family in avians. Excitatory amino acid receptor genes appear to be highly conserved during evolution.
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Clonación Molecular , Columbidae/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Glutamato/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Northern Blotting , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/metabolismo , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Complementario/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunohistoquímica , Hibridación in Situ , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Receptores de Glutamato/clasificación , Receptores de Glutamato/metabolismoRESUMEN
The authors analyzed twelve patients with symptomatic essential throthrombocythemia (E.T.) diagnosed from 1983 to 1991. Haemorrhagic and thrombotic phenomena were the main presenting features. Treatment consisted mostly of alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha 2b) subcutaneously in dosage ranging from 3 to 5 MU/m2 and hydroxyurea (HU) in conventional dosage. A clinical response was seen in seven patients treated with IFN-alpha 2b (4 CR and 2 PR), and in four patients treated with HU (3 CR and 1 PR). No significant side effects were observed. Our findings indicate that IFN-alpha 2b offers a non-leukaemogenic and very promising therapeutic alternative for E.T.