La enseñanza de la cariología en la república bolivariana de venezuela: quiénes, cómo y cuándo / Teaching cariology in the Republica Bolibariana de Venezuela: who, when and how

Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de conocer la forma en que se enseña cariología en las ocho facultades de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Vía internet se remitió un cuestionario a los decanos de las 5 facultades públicas y 3 privadas. Ellos decidieron que cátedras, departamentos o profesores las analizarían. Todas las facultades respondieron. Se encontró que 4 poseen un programa específico de cariología. El número de cátedras o departamentos responsables de su enseñanza osciló entre 2 y 5 cátedras o 1 y 4 departamentos. En 7 facultades los contenidos teóricos se dictan a partir del segundo año, en la restante, en el primer año. En 4 existe una preclínica. En una de ellas, el entrenamiento clínico en cariología comienza el primer año y abarca los cinco años de la carrera en el resto varía de cuatro años a un semestre. Las lesiones cervicales no cariosas se incluyen en el programa de cariología en 6 facultades, y los defectos del desarrollo de la estructura dentaria en 5. En relación a la creación de un currículo común para las facultades de la nación venezolana así como para el área andina o Iberoamérica no se determinó consenso en todas las opciones.

In order to get acquainted how cariology for undergraduate is taught at all 8 dental schools in the República Bolivariana de Venezuela, a questionnaire was send to the deans. All schools responded to the request for information. The results indicated that 4 schools have a specific curriculum in cariology. The academic units involved oscillate between 2 and 5 cathedras or 1 to 5 departments. Theoretical education is delivered by all schools, 7 of them begin it at the second academic year, and one considers it all along the 5 years undergraduate training. In regards to a common cariology curriculum for the country, spanish speaking Latinamerican countries, or the Andean countries no consensus was detected.

Production of an egg yolk antibody against Parietaria judaica 2 allergen.

Specific antibodies are essential tools for studying proteins as well as for diagnostic research in biomedicine. The egg yolk of immunized chicken is an inexpensive source of high-quality polyclonal antibodies. The 12-kDa Parietaria judaica 2 allergen was expressed as a fusion protein and was used to immunize Leghorn chickens. In this paper, we show, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, that chicken antibodies raised against a recombinant allergen can be used to recognize similar proteins from a pollen raw extract. Allergen identity was confirmed by nanoLC-nanospray-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Our data demonstrate for the first time that a synergistic combination of molecular biology, 2-dimensional PAGE, and use of nonmammalian antibodies represents a powerful tool for reliable identification of allergens.

Quantitative profiling of the pathological prion protein allotypes in bank voles by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into a misfolded isoform (PrP(TSE)) that accumulates in the brain of affected individuals is the key feature of transmissible spongiform encephalopaties (TSEs). Susceptibility to TSEs is influenced by polymorphisms of the prion gene suggesting that the presence of certain amino acid residues may facilitate the pathological conversion. In this work, we describe a quantitative, fast and reliable HPLC-MS method that allowed to demonstrate that in the brain of 109(Met/Ile) heterozygous bank voles infected with the mouse adapted scrapie strain 139A, there are comparable amounts of PrP(TSE) with methionine or isoleucine in position 109, suggesting that in this TSE model the two allotypes have similar rates of accumulation. This method can be easily adapted for the quantitative determination of PrP allotypes in the brain of other natural or experimental TSE models.