[X-ray contrast filler for balloons at endovascular surgery (20 years of experience with original balloon filler)]. / Rentgenokontrastnyi napolnitel' dlia ballonov pri éndovaskuliarnykh operatsiiakh (20-letnii opyt primeneniia original'nogo napolnitelia ballonov).

In 1984, the authors designed a X-ray contrast balloon filler polyacryl amide gel (PAAG) that has a polymerization rate of 1-3 min. PAAG has been used to fill over 5000 balloons for nearly 20 years. With this filler, recurrent anastomoses reduced by 1.5 times as compared to previously used silicone. PAAG is a reliable and easy-to-use balloon filler. Its use as a balloon filler has been permitted by the USSR Ministry of Health.

[Lipid peroxidation in the cyst fluid of craniopharyngiomas]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov v kistoznoi zhidkosti kraniofaringiom.

Comparing of the craniopharyngiomas cyst fluid, collected during the surgery, with blood plasma revealed significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and lactate accumulation in tumour cysts contents. These processes were usually more prominent in endosuprasellar than in suprasellar craniopharyngiomas. The maximum of free radical formation in conjunction with the lowest level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in primary tumours with relatively high proliferation rate. Controversial parameters ratio characterised the recurrent craniopharyngiomas, and in cyst fluids of the primary tumours with low proliferation rate the medium parameter's values were observed. Thus, the estimation of free radical formation level and MDA concentration in cyst fluid of craniopharyngioma seems to be prognostic for the tumour recurrence.

[Lipid-bound sialic acids in the blood of patients with brain diseases]. / Lipidno-sviazannye sialovye kisloty v krovi bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami golovnogo mozga.

The results of studies of the blood levels of lipid-bound sialic acids (LBSA) in patients with various brain tumors, subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) caused arterial aneurysmal rupture and in those with brain injury (BI) are analyzed. Significant differences were found in blood LBSA levels in patients with hemispheric tumors and in those with chiasmal sellar ones. The findings suggest that blood LBSA levels cannot be a marker for brain tumors as the blood of patients with benign chiasmal sellar tumors shows high LBSA levels reaching those in patients with malignant hemispheric tumors. The blood levels of LBSA in patients SAH and BI were much higher than those in controls. The blood levels of LBSA are very equal in SAH and BI.

[Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in the acute stage of cerebral aneurysm rupture]. / Tserebral'naia gemodinamika i metabolizm v ostroi stadii razryva anevrizm golovnogo mozga.

The relationship between lipid peroxidation products and the severity of arterial spasm was studied in 86 patients. For this, the level of radical production, the content of the end lipid peroxidation product malonic dialdehyde and the overall antioxidative activity of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were determined during 24-hour Doppler monitoring of blood flow in the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. Following subarachnoidal hemorrhage, the activation of lipid peroxidation processes was shown to correlate with the severity of arterial spasm and it is likely to contribute to the development of late ischemias. Nimotop used to treat patients with significant arterial spasm caused a reduction in the rate of free radical lipid peroxidation to that characteristic for patients with moderate spasm. The findings suggest that it is expedient of including antioxidants into the combined therapy of patients with acute subarachnoidal hemorrhage.

[The role of biochemical processes in the pathogenesis of complicated hydrocephalus in children]. / O roli biokhimicheskikh protsessov v patogeneze oslozhnennoi vodianki golovnogo mozga u detei.

Spinal fluid radical formation levels, malonic dialdehyde concentrations, and intrinsic antioxidative activity were studied in 84 patients with hydrocephalus. The findings suggest that there is a considerable activation of free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation, as well as a reduction in antioxidative activity. These changes were most drastically profound in children with inflammation-complicated hydrocephalus with spinal fluid hemorrhagic changes in particular. Timely correction of impaired energy exchange in children by using antioxidants and nootropics promotes the arrest of inflammation and prevents a number of postoperative complications.

[Study of free radical oxidation of lipids in cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic children]. / Issledovanie protsessov svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov v likvore detei s gidrotsevaliei.

The levels of free radical production, malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant activity were estimated in ventricular liquor of the infants with primary hydrocephalus. It was shown that even in the case of uncomplicated hydrocephalus significant disorders in brain metabolism took place. In the patients with inflammatory or hemorrhagic complications the levels of malondialdehyde and free radicals were markedly increased as compared to the infants with "pure" hydrocephalus. The most significant disorders were revealed in the case of hemorrhagic complications. These data indicate the necessity of lipid peroxidation evaluation in liquor of the patients with hydrocephalus and help to workout indications for antioxidants including into the common therapy of this decrease.

[Chemiluminescent study of free radical lipid peroxidation in the rabbit brain after cranio-cerebral trauma]. / Khemiliuminestsentnyi metod issledovaniia svobonoradikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov v mozge krolikov pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The method of chemiluminescence was applied for the determination of free radicals content in rabbit brain after the experimental craniocerebral trauma. The level of malondialdehyde was measured spectrophotometrically. The quantity of free radical products in hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum of rabbits with traumatic injury was shown to be significantly increased and correlated with MDA level. Data obtained indicate that the chemiluminescent technique can be useful for the investigation of lipid peroxidation in brain pathology.

[Uridine diphosphate sugar in meningiomas of the brain]. / Uridindifosfatsakhara v meningiomakh golovnogo mozga.

The content of uridine-diphosphate (UDP)-saccharides, such as UDP-glucose (UDPG) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPAG) was examined in the meningiomas obtained at surgery. Typical, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas were used. Biochemical data were compared with histological findings. The total level of UDP-saccharides (UDPG + UDPAG) in the meningiomas was demonstrated not to depend on the grade of anaplasia. A positive correlation was found between the UDPG/UDPAG ratio was from 1.73 in typical (benign) neoplasms to 6 or even higher in meningiomas with severe sings of malignancy (anaplastic meningiomas). The UDPG/UDPAG ratio seems to reflect the nature and rate of tumor growth.

[Characteristics of the level of lipid-bound sialic acids in the blood of patients with brain tumors]. / Nekotorye osobennosti soderzhaniia lipidno-sviazannykh sialovykh kislot v krovi bol'nykh s opukholiami golovnogo mozga.

In hemispheric tumors, the highest blood levels of lipid-conjugated acid were found in patients with malignant tumors despite their histology. In the blood of patients with benign tumors of the same site, the content of lipid-conjugated acids was the same as the control ones. However, the blood of patients with chiasmal-cellar tumors did not show these features. The blood level of lipid-conjugated acids in these patients did not depend on tumor histogenesis, but it was generally high. In patients with benign tumours of the chiasmal-cellar region, the levels of lipid-conjugated acids were the same as in patients with malignant hemispheric tumors. This is suggested by the fact that patients with meningiomas or gliomas of the chiasmal-cellar site without anaplastic signs exhibit much higher blood levels of lipid-conjugated acids than those with the similar tumors of the hemispheric site.

[The induction of lipid peroxidation in human brain glial tumors]. / Induktsiia perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v glial'nykh opukholiakh golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

Tissue examinations of glial tumors in the human brain revealed that therein lipid peroxidation could be induced by using bivalent iron salts, which is indicated by higher malonic dialdehyde levels. The authors have demonstrated that the glioma tissue levels of iron were statistically lower than those in the brain tissue. The induction in tumor tissue does not depend upon the degree of its malignancy, but it significantly differs from this parameter in the rabbit brain tissue. The induction of lipid peroxidation processes is accompanied by a lower cumulative antioxidative activity. The findings open new prospects for affecting tumor growth.

[Level of lipid-bound sialic acids in blood from brain tumor patients]. / Soderzhanie lipidno-sviazannykh sialovykh kislot v krovi bol'nykh s opukholiami golovnogo mozga.

Content of lipid-bound sialic acids was studied in blood serum of patients with benign tumors--gliomas, neurinomas, meningiomas, with malignant tumors--gliomas and anaplasia, glioblastomas, sarcoma, as well as of patients with impairment of peripheral nervous system (without any tumors) and of healthy volunteers. Content of lipid-bound sialic acids in blood serum of patients with benign tumors was similar to that of controls, while it was distinctly increased in all the patients with malignant tumors. These results corresponded to literature data, where the patients with non-brain localization of tumors are considered.

[The antioxidant activity of individual fractions of brain tissue]. / Issledovanie antioksidantnoi aktivnosti otdel'nykh fraktsii mozgovoi tkani.

The overall antioxidative activity was studied in the rabbit brain homogenate, water-soluble protein and lipid fractions. The antioxidative activity of water-soluble protein fraction made a major contribution to the total activity, while the antioxidative activity estimated by the procedure used was not detected in the lipid fraction. Antioxidant activity both in the brain homogenate and water-soluble protein fraction was similarly altered during craniocerebral trauma and after stimulation of the central nervous system in the injured animals.

[Lipid peroxidation processes and activity of brain succinate dehydrogenase in experimental craniocerebral trauma]. / Protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i aktivnost' suktsinatdegidrogenazy mozga pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme v éksperimente.

A statistically significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was found in the rabbit brain after craniocerebral injury. The decrease in the activity of brain SDH was not shown to result from "competitive inhibition" by malonate accumulated after activation of lipid peroxidation. The activity of brain SDH was normalized by directed modification of the function of the central nervous system via administration of phenamine (amphetamine) into the injured animals.

[Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and peroxide compounds in young children with craniocerebral trauma]. / Issledovanie laktata i perekisnykh soedinenii likvora u detei rannego vozrasta pri cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The content of lactate and products of lipid peroxidation in the c. s. f. of infants with craniocerebral trauma was studied. The content of lactate and malonic dialdehyde in the c. s. f. was significantly increased, which correlated with the severity of the trauma. The results of the study make it possible to followup the course of the cerebral traumatic disease and the efficacy of the applied therapy and also may severe as prognostic criteria in evaluating the possible sequelae of the craniocerebral trauma.

[Effect of the functional state of the central nervous system on brain lipid peroxidation processes in experimental cranial-brain trauma]. / Vliianie funktsional'nogo sostoianiia TsNS na protsessy perekisnogo okisleneniia lipidov mozga pri cherpno-mozgovoi travme v éksperimente.

Interrelationship between the functional state of central nervous system and brain metabolism was studied in animals with craniocerebral trauma. Stimulation of nervous activity was shown to prevent an increase in lipid peroxidation in brain of the experimental animals. A distinct decrease of the brain antioxidative activity was also noted. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were markedly impaired in the animals with craniocerebral trauma either after depression of central nervous system or without any additional treatment.

[Lipid peroxidation of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with arterial cerebral aneurysms]. / Issledovanie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov likvora u bol'nykh s arterial'nymi anevrizmami golovnogo mozga.

It was established from study of lipid peroxidation (LOP) products in 19 patients (16 with subarachnoid hemorrhages /SAH/ resulting from rupture of arterial aneurysms and 3 with arterial hemorrhages in the "cold" period) that their content was significantly higher in patients with a history of 2 or 3 SAH than in those who had suffered from a single SAH. The LOP level in the c.s.f. in patients of both groups differed significantly from that in the c.s.f. of patients without SAH. It was also established that the content of LOP products in patients with an unfavourable outcome of the disease was more than twice that in patients with a favourable course and outcome of the disease. Administration of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) inhibited the LPO processes, which was manifested by a decrease of the content of malonyl dialdehyde in the c.s.f.

[The role of lipids in middle molecular weight fractions as a feature of the pathological process]. / Rol' lipidov fraktsii srednikh molekul v kharakteristike patologicheskogo protsessa.

About 20-66% of lipids was found in the middle molecular fraction of blood serum from neurosurgical patients. Content of the substances extracted with organic solvents was distinctly increased as the clinical status aggravated. Precipitation of proteins using chloric acid instead of trichloracetic acid proved to be more convenient for isolation of the middle molecular fraction from blood serum and for the subsequent studies of its composition.

[The compensatory function of a GABA shunt in brain energy metabolism in measured craniocerebral trauma in rats]. / O kompensatornoi funktsii GAMK-shunta v énergicheskom metabolizme mozga pri dozirovannoi cherepno-mozgovoi travme u krys.

A severe compression craniocerebral trauma was induced in rats under short-term halothane anesthesia. The activity of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes reduced significantly in the tissue of the damaged hemisphere, ALT activity increased sharply, AST activity grew slowly, the production of GABA in the glutamate decarboxylase reaction was slightly inhibited and its utilization in the GABA transaminase reaction was clearly accelerated. The GABA level in the nerve tissue showed a tendency to reduce, while the glutamate level had a tendency to increase. The observed changes are evidence that the inclusion of the GABA skeleton in the reaction of further oxidation intensifies, which may be of significance in compensation of the transport of the energetically oxidizing succinate and, possibly, in the formation of endogenous GABA possessing a stress-relieving effect.

[Practical significance of middle molecules of the blood in assessing the severity of the status of neurosurgical patients]. / Prikladnoe znachenie srednikh molekul krovi dlia otsenki tiazhesti sostonianiia neirokhirugicheskikh bol'nykh.

Study of the content of medium-size molecules (MM), residual nitrogen, creatinine, and urea in the blood of 80 neurosurgical patients with various diseases showed correlation between the severity of the patient's general condition and the MM level. No correlation was noted between the content of MM, creatinine, and urea. The MM level in the blood correlated with that of residual nitrogen in 20% of cases. The MM dynamics may serve as a prognostic sign of the course and outcome of the disease. The MM content corresponds to the severity of the patient's general condition and is not dependent on the etiological and pathogenetic factors.