RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The study reported here investigated the first radiographic evidence of third molar (M3) formation, their incidence and distribution as well as their congenital absence on the right or the left side in either the maxilla or the mandible, in both male and female Greek orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 618 panoramic radiographs were initially examined. After the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, the group finally selected consisted of 428 patients (mean age 11.64 years, range 5-18): 179 males (mean age 11.73 ± 2.46) and 249 females (mean age 11.57 ± 2.45). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, New York, NY, USA). The level of significance for all analyses was set to p = 0.05. The chi-square (χ(2)) test was used to assess the relationships between variables. The Wilcoxon's signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test were also used for comparisons as well as the Spearman's rho test for correlations. RESULTS: M3s were first detected in females at the age of 7 years whereas males followed one year later at the age of 8 years. A strong correlation between age and M3 development was revealed for both sexes (Spearman's rho = 0.177, p = 0.05). Presence of all four M3s was the most common incidence (present in 70.8% of study subjects), followed by the agenesis of two (12.1%), agenesis of all four (8.4%), one (6.8%), and three (1.9%) M3s. Congenitally missing M3s in all subjects showed a significantly greater predilection for the maxilla over the mandible (19.6% and 15.5%, respectively) (Wilcoxon signed-rank test Z = -2.404, p = 0.016). However, the distribution was found equal between the two sides of the jaws. The difference between the absent frequencies of M3s in the mandible and the maxilla was found statistically significant for the total sample (McNemar's test, p < 0.001) and for males (p = 0.041) as well. CONCLUSION: The study data may provide a reference for the M3 genesis in Greeks.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Teleconsultation from the scene of an emergency to an experienced physician including real-time transmission of monitoring, audio and visual information seems to be feasible. In preparation for bringing such a system into practice within the research project "Med-on-@ix", a simulation study has been conducted to investigate whether telemedical assistance (TMA) in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has an impact on compatibility to guidelines and timing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a controlled simulation study 29 EMS teams (one EMS physician, two paramedics) ran through standardized scenarios (STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; MT: major trauma) on high-fidelity patient simulators with defined complications (treatable clearly following guidelines). Team assignments were randomized and each team had to complete one scenario with and another without TMA. Analysis was based on videotaped scenarios using pre-defined scoring items and measured time intervals for each scenario. RESULTS: Adherence to treatment algorithms improved using TMA. STEMI: cathlab informed (9/14 vs. 15/15; p=0.0169); allergies checked prior to acetylsalicylic acid (5/14 vs. 13/15; p=0.0078); analgosedation prior to cardioversion (10/14 vs. 15/15; p=0.0421); synchronized shock (6/14 vs. 14/15; p=0.0052). MT: adequate medication for intubation (3/15 vs. 10/14; p=0.0092); mean time to inform trauma centre 547 vs. 189 s (p=0.0001). No significant impairment of performance was detected in TMA groups. CONCLUSIONS: In simulated setting TMA was able to improve treatment and safety without decline in timing. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to optimize the system for medical, organizational and technical reasons prior to the evaluation of this system in routine EMS.
