RESUMEN
As the obesity pandemic has accelerated, investigators have begun to explore alternative mechanisms linking circadian biology and sleep to adipose tissue metabolism and obesity. This manuscript reviews recent findings in murine and human models demonstrating the oscillatory expression of the mRNAs encoding the core circadian regulatory proteins in adipose tissue. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of circadian oscillating genes have been used to identify the 'delta sleep-inducing peptide immunoreactor', also known as 'glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ)', as a potential link in this chain. The GILZ gene has been found to differentially regulate stromal stem cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in a reciprocal manner. In adipose and other metabolically active tissues, the circadian oscillation of GILZ expression is subject to entrainment by external stimuli. Together, these observations suggest that GILZ is an attractive candidate for future studies evaluating the role of circadian mechanisms in adipose tissue physiology and pathology.
Asunto(s)
Adipogénesis/fisiología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Péptido Inductor del Sueño Delta/metabolismo , Leucina Zippers/fisiología , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Péptido Inductor del Sueño Delta/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Humanos , Leucina Zippers/efectos de los fármacos , Leucina Zippers/genética , Ratones , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Factores de TranscripciónRESUMEN
The human body displays central circadian rhythms of activity. Recent findings suggest that peripheral tissues, such as bone, possess their own circadian clocks. Studies have shown that osteocalcin protein levels oscillate over a 24-hour period, yet the specific skeletal sites involved and its transcriptional profile remain unknown. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that peripheral circadian mechanisms regulate transcription driven by the osteocalcin promoter. Transgenic mice harboring the human osteocalcin promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene were used. Mice of both genders and various ages were analyzed non-invasively at sequential times throughout 24-hour periods. Statistical analyses of luminescent signal intensity of osteogenic activity from multiple skeletal sites indicated a periodicity of ~ 24 hrs. The maxillomandibular complex displayed the most robust oscillatory pattern. These findings have implications for dental treatments in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery, as well as for the mechanisms underlying bone remodeling in the maxillomandibular complex.
Asunto(s)
Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Mandíbula/metabolismo , Maxilar/metabolismo , Osteocalcina/genética , Animales , Huesos del Carpo/anatomía & histología , Huesos del Carpo/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Semivida , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Luciferasas , Luminiscencia , Masculino , Mandíbula/anatomía & histología , Maxilar/anatomía & histología , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Modelos Animales , Osteogénesis/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Factores Sexuales , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Cráneo/metabolismo , Cola (estructura animal)/anatomía & histología , Cola (estructura animal)/metabolismo , Huesos Tarsianos/anatomía & histología , Huesos Tarsianos/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/genéticaRESUMEN
The expressed human genome is being sequenced and analyzed by disparate groups producing disparate data. The majority of the identified coding portion is in the form of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The need to discover exonic representation and expression forms of full-length cDNAs for each human gene is frustrated by the partial and variable quality nature of this data delivery. A highly redundant human EST data set has been processed into integrated and unified expressed transcript indices that consist of hierarchically organized human transcript consensi reflecting gene expression forms and genetic polymorphism within an index class. The expression index and its intermediate outputs include cleaned transcript sequence, expression, and alignment information and a higher fidelity subset, SANIGENE. The STACK_PACK clustering system has been applied to dbEST release 121598 (GenBank version 110). Sixty-four percent of 1,313, 103 Homo sapiens ESTs are condensed into 143,885 tissue level multiple sequence clusters; linking through clone-ID annotations produces 68,701 total assemblies, such that 81% of the original input set is captured in a STACK multiple sequence or linked cluster. Indexing of alignments by substituent EST accession allows browsing of the data structure and its cross-links to UniGene. STACK metaclusters consolidate a greater number of ESTs by a factor of 1. 86 with respect to the corresponding UniGene build. Fidelity comparison with genome reference sequence AC004106 demonstrates consensus expression clusters that reflect significantly lower spurious repeat sequence content and capture alternate splicing within a whole body index cluster and three STACK v.2.3 tissue-level clusters. Statistics of a staggered release whole body index build of STACK v.2.0 are presented.
Asunto(s)
Análisis por Conglomerados , Secuencia de Consenso , Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresada , Expresión Génica , Algoritmos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
We report an integrative technology for molecular biology studies in the field of transcription regulation by using Internet. A set of databases, programs, and systems are included into WWWMGS Web server. For example, the use of TRRD database information for site prediction is described. Using this method, the computer system SeqAnn was developed. The system performs the "real time" searching for prediction of initiation transcription site position according to database information. WWWMGS is available at URL: http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Administración de Bases de Datos , Biología Molecular , Integración de Sistemas , Secuencia de Bases , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Internet , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
The primary structure of the cDNA copy of the evolutionary conserved gene Nc73EF from the region 73EF of Drosophila melanogaster was determined. Gene Nc73EF was shown to encode a protein highly homologous to the E1 subunit of human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes one of the key reactions of the Krebs cycle.
Asunto(s)
Secuencia Conservada , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Genes de Insecto , Complejo Cetoglutarato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Evolución Biológica , Catálisis , Ciclo del Ácido Cítrico , Código Genético , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
The repeated DNA sequence of wild ram (Ovis ammon) of 800 bp has been cloned. The blot-hybridization, in situ-hybridization, sequencing and computer analysis were used for the sequence analysis. It was shown that the cloned DNA is from 1.714 gm/cm3 repeated satellite DNA family. Fourteen highly homologous sequences were revealed in the nucleotide sequence databases. An analysis of their alignment revealed presence of two subfamilies (A and B). Average divergence of subfamily A. sequences (including the wild ram repeated sequence) from consensus is about 1%.
Asunto(s)
ADN/genética , ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Ovinos/genética , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Secuencia de Bases , Células Cultivadas , Secuencia de Consenso , ADN Satélite/genética , Cabras/genética , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
The possibility of using oligonucleotides from MER1 family repeats as PCR primers for the amplification of human genome DNA fragments was studied. The recommended oligonucleotide primers were chosen by computer analysis of the data base of the EMBL (release 37.0) nucleotide sequences. Use of one of the oligonucleotides was shown to allow specific human DNA amplification to be carried out.
Asunto(s)
Fragmentación del ADN , Bases de Datos Factuales , Genoma Humano , Familia de Multigenes , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Programas InformáticosAsunto(s)
Secuencia de Bases , Computadores , Gráficos por Computador , Exones , Intrones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Unión Proteica , Precursores del ARN/metabolismo , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report an object-oriented data handler and supplementary tools for the development of molecular genetics application software for various sequence analyses. Our data handler has a flexible and expandable format that supports the most common data types for molecular genetic software. New data types can be constructed in an object-oriented manner from the basic units. The data handler includes an object library, a format-converting program and a viewer that can visualize simultaneously the data contained in several files to construct a general picture from separate data. This software has been implemented on an IBM PC-compatible personal computer.
Asunto(s)
Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , Programas Informáticos , Factor Natriurético Atrial/genética , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/genética , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Microcomputadores , Biología Molecular , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
A new algorithm for data bank homology search is proposed. The principal advantages of the new algorithm are: (i) linear computation complexity; (ii) low memory requirements; and (iii) high sensitivity to the presence of local region homology. The algorithm first calculates indicative matrices of k-tuple 'realization' in the query sequence and then searches for an appropriate number of matching k-tuples within a narrow range in database sequences. It does not require k-tuple coordinates tabulation and in-memory placement for database sequences. The algorithm is implemented in a program for execution on PC-compatible computers and tested on PIR and GenBank databases with good results. A few modifications designed to improve the selectivity are also discussed. As an application example, the search for homology of the mouse homeotic protein HOX 3.1 is given.