Análisis de la demanda de detección de SARS-CoV-2 en un área de salud de España / Analysis of the demand for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a health area of Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde el descubrimiento del virus SARSCoV-2 la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RT-PCR) se ha convertido en el método fundamental para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en su fase aguda. El objetivo es describir la serie basada en la demanda de determinaciones de RT-PCR recibidas en un Servicio de Microbiología en un hospital de tercer nivel de referencia durante tres meses desde el inicio de la epidemia por SARS-CoV-2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo del total de las RT-PCR solicitadas en el servicio de microbiología analizado desde el 25 de febrero de 2020 al 26 de mayo de 2020 (90 días). Se agruparon por semanas epidemiológicas y servicio peticionario. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por edad, género y número de solicitudes por paciente. Se consideró significativo un nivel de confianza del 95% (p < 0.05). RESULTADOS: Se recibieron un total de 27.106 de solicitudes que correspondían a 22.037 pacientes. Edad mediana 53,7 (RIC 40,9-71,7) años, mujeres: 61,3%. Proporción de pacientes con alguna RT-PCR positiva: 14%. Del total de peticiones de RT-PCR fueron positivas 3.710. La rentabilidad máxima fue la semana epidemiológica 13, con un 39,0%. El servicio peticionario que más RT-PCR ha solicitado de forma global ha sido atención primaria con 15.953 solicitudes. Pacientes con 3 o más RT-PCR: 565, de ellos, 19 pacientes presentaron un resultado positivo tras haber sido negativos. CONCLUSIONES: Las solicitudes han ido aumentando en función de la evolución de la epidemia. La RT-PCR posee un elevado rendimiento diagnóstico en las fases de mayor contagiosidad y/o transmisibilidad del virus

INTRODUCTION: Since the discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) has become the fundamental method for diagnosing the disease in its acute phase. The objective is to describe the demand-based series of RT-PCR determinations received at a Microbiology Service at a third-level reference hospital for a health area for three months spanning from the onset of the epidemic by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the total of the RT-PCR requested in the Microbiology Service analyzed from 02/25/2020 to 05/26/2020 (90 days) has been carried out. They have been grouped by epidemiological weeks and by the petitioner service. A descriptive analysis was carried out by age, gender and number of requests for each patient. In the tests carried out, a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05) was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 27,106 requests was received corresponding to 22,037 patients. Median age 53.7 (RIC 40.9-71.7) years, women: 61.3%. Proportion of patients with any positive RT-PCR: 14%. Of the total requests for RT-PCR, positive 3,710. Week 13 had the highest diagnosis performance (39.0%). The primary care has been the service thar has made the most requests (15,953). Patients with 3 or more RT-PCR: 565, of them, 19 patients had a positive result after previously having a negative one. CONCLUSIONS: Requests have been increasing depending on the evolution of the epidemic. The RT-PCR has a high diagnostic performance in the phases of highest contagiousness and / or transmissibility of the virus

[Menus offered in long-term care homes: quality of meal service and nutritional analysis].

BACKGROUND: Institutionalization is a risk factor for malnutrition. Low energy intake and/or nutrient deficiencies are considered to be the main causes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of meals and meal service as well as the nutritional value of the main menus (regular menu, menu for diabetics, and pureed menu) offered in three long-term care (LTC) homes located in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain). METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A validated "quality of meals and meal service" set of indicators was applied. The menus were assessed by weighed food records on 14 consecutive days. The results were compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) and the recommended number of servings. RESULTS: Important deficiencies in the quality of meals and meal service have been reported. Average energy varies from 1,788 to 2,124 kcal/day in the regular menus, from 1,687 to 1,924 kcal/day in the menus for diabetics, and from 1,518 to 1,639 kcal/day in the pureed menus. Average protein varied from 71.4 to 75.4 g/day, from 72.6 to 76.1 g/day, and from 50.5 to 54.7 g/day, respectively. None of the menus complied with the recommendations for fiber, potassium, magnesium, iodine, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, nor for vegetables, fruit, milk products, olive oil, legumes, or nuts. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to ensure the implementation of regular routines for controlling the quality of meals and meal service as well as the nutritional value of the menus offered in LTC homes.

Menus offered in long-term care homes: quality of meal service and nutritional analysis / Menús ofertados en residencias de mayores: calidad del servicio de las comidas y análisis nutricional

Background: Institutionalization is a risk factor for malnutrition. Low energy intake and/or nutrient deficiencies are considered to be the main causes. Objective: To evaluate the quality of meals and meal service as well as the nutritional value of the main menus (regular menu, menu for diabetics, and pureed menu) offered in three long-term care (LTC) homes located in the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain). Methods: Cross-sectional study. A validated «quality of meals and meal service» set of indicators was applied. The menus were assessed by weighed food records on 14 consecutive days. The results were compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) and the recommended number of servings. Results: Important deficiencies in the quality of meals and meal service have been reported. Average energy varies from 1,788 to 2,124 kcal/ day in the regular menus, from 1,687 to 1,924 kcal/day in the menus for diabetics, and from 1,518 to 1,639 kcal/day in the pureed menus. Average protein varied from 71.4 to 75.4 g/day, from 72.6 to 76.1 g/day, and from 50.5 to 54.7 g/day, respectively. None of the menus complied with the recommendations for fiber, potassium, magnesium, iodine, vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, nor for vegetables, fruit, milk products, olive oil, legumes, or nuts. Conclusions: It is necessary to ensure the implementation of regular routines for controlling the quality of meals and meal service as well as the nutritional value of the menus offered in LTC homes (AU)

Introducción: la institucionalización es un factor de riesgo de malnutrición. Se considera que las principales causas son una baja ingesta energética y/o deficiencias nutricionales. Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de las comidas y el servicio de comidas así como el valor nutricional de los principales menús (menú basal, menú para diabéticos y menú triturado) ofrecidos en tres residencias de mayores de la provincia de Granada (España). Método: estudio transversal. Se aplicó el set de indicadores denominado «calidad de las comidas y el servicio de comidas». Los menús se evaluaron por registro de pesada de alimentos durante 14 días consecutivos. Los resultados se compararon con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia (DRI) y el número de raciones recomendadas. Resultados: se encontraron importantes deficiencias en la calidad de las comidas y el servicio de las mismas. La energía media varió de 1.788 a 2.124 kcal/día en los menús basales, de 1.687 a 1.924 kcal/día en los menús para diabéticos, y de 1.518 a 1.639 kcal/día en los menús triturados. La proteína media varió de 71,4 a 75,4 g/día, de 72,6 a 76,1 g/día, y de 50,5 a 54,7 g/día, respectivamente. Ninguno de los menús cumplió las recomendaciones de fibra, potasio, magnesio, yodo, vitaminas D y E y folato, ni de verduras, fruta, productos lácteos, aceite de oliva, legumbres o frutos secos. Conclusiones: es necesario asegurar la implementación de protocolos de actuación que permitan controlar la calidad de las comidas y el servicio de las mismas, así como el valor nutricional de los menús ofertados en las residencias (AU)

Oxfendazole as successful treatment of Taenia hydatigena metacestodes in naturally infected pigs

The efficacy of oxfendazole (OFZ) on Taenia hydatigena metacestodes, also called Cysticercus tenuicollis (C. tenuicollis), was studied in 648 raising pigs. This study was performed in Tumbes Department in Peru, an endemic area for cysticercosis. Pigs were randomized in two groups;untreated group (n=142) did not receive any treatment and treated group (n=506) received OFZ treatment at a single dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. Six months after treatment, the pigs were necropsied. The prevalence of infection by C. tenuicollis among the pigs was 27.5%(39/142) and 2.0%(10/506) in untreated and treated groups, respectively. Untreated group was infested only with viable cysts, whereas treated group had no viable cysts. All the cysts found in treated group presented degeneration, with a thick membrane, and they contained milky fluid and fibrous tissue. A single dose of OFZ was effective against C. tenuicollis, thus providing an alternative drug for controlling this parasite in pigs.

Valoración de la atención de urgencias al paciente con trauma grave / Assessment of the emergency care received by the patient with severe trauma

Con el objetivo de determinar la calidad de la atención de urgencias a los pacientes que ingresaron en el Hospital Universitario Doctor Gustavo Aldereguía Limaö de Cienfuegos, con el diagnóstico de trauma grave, se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacionar. Se incluyeron 95 pacientes admitidos en unidades de cuidados progresivos durante el período de estudio, siguiendo el protocolo general de atención al trauma vigente en el Servicio. La edad media total de los lesionados fue de 39 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. El traumatismo craneoencefálico fue el más frecuente y de mayor mortalidad. Un análisis multivariado demostró que cerca del 50 (por ciento) de los fallecimientos estuvo relacionado con la severidad de las lesiones, el tipo de trasporte utilizado y la demora en recibir los cuidados definitivos(AU)

In order to determine the quality of the emergency care received by the patients that were admitted at Doctor Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Teaching Hospital of Cienfuegos with the diagnosis of severe trauma, a correlative descriptive study was conducted. 95 patients who were admitted in progressive care units during the studied period were included, following the general protocol of trauma care that is in force at the Service. Total average age of the injured was 39. A predominance of males was observed. The cranioencephalic trauma was the most common and that with the highest mortality. A multivariate analysis showed that at about 50 percent of the deaths were connected with the severity of the injuries, the type of transportation used and the delay in receiving the definitive care(AU)

Valoración de la atención de urgencias al paciente con trauma grave / Assessment of the emergency care received by the patient with severe trauma

Con el objetivo de determinar la calidad de la atención de urgencias a los pacientes que ingresaron en el Hospital Universitario ôDoctor Gustavo Aldereguía Limaö de Cienfuegos, con el diagnóstico de trauma grave, se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacionar. Se incluyeron 95 pacientes admitidos en unidades de cuidados progresivos durante el período de estudio, siguiendo el protocolo general de atención al trauma vigente en el Servicio. La edad media total de los lesionados fue de 39 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. El traumatismo craneoencefálico fue el más frecuente y de mayor mortalidad. Un análisis multivariado demostró que cerca del 50(por ciento) de los fallecimientos estuvo relacionado con la severidad de las lesiones, el tipo de trasporte utilizado y la demora en recibir los cuidados definitivos(AU)