RESUMEN
Long chain n-3 fatty acids are beneficial to mammals because of their anti-inflammatory role. However, whether flaxseed oil, which is rich in short chain n-3 fatty acids, has such a role, it has not been extensively examined. This study investigated the supplementation of flaxseed oil on the regulation of genes involved in inflammatory responses such as heat shock proteins (HSP90 and HSP70) and interleukin (IL1ß) in the white blood cells of dogs. Five beagles and 5 greyhounds were supplemented with Melrose(®) flaxseed oil at the rate of 100 mL/kg food for 21 days. The blood was collected at day 0, 15, and 22 following supplementation. The expression of 3 genes was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma concentrations of fatty acids such as alpha linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid were measured, and their correlations with changes in gene expression were determined. Flaxseed oil supplementation downregulated the expression of HSP90 and IL1ßin greyhounds but showed no significant effect on these genes in beagles. HSP70 remained unchanged in both breeds following the supplementation. Correlations of HSP90 and IL1ßexpression levels with the plasma fatty acid concentrations on day 22 showed a significant negative correlation in greyhounds. Dietary flaxseed oil altered the expression of genes involved in inflammation in white blood cells. Because the expression of the genes may vary in different breeds, it will be useful to consider breed responses to dietary manipulation in canine nutrition management.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Animales , Ácido Araquidónico/sangre , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Perros , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/sangre , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas HSP90 de Choque Térmico/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/sangre , Especificidad de la Especie , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/sangreRESUMEN
Equal transmission of the two alleles at a locus from a heterozygote parent to the offspring is rarely violated. Beside the differential embryonic mortality, nondisjunction and gene conversion that are rather irregular forms of transmission-ratio distortion (TRD), there are two major forms of departure from Mendelian segregation. The first, found in females, based on the asymmetric nature of female meiosis, is usually referred to as meiotic drive, and has been well documented in a few cases. The second is segregation distortion found in males. There are several known male-related segregation distortion systems that are caused by different fertilizing capacity of sperm cells carrying alternative alleles at a particular locus. Observation of TRD effects requires a sufficient number of offspring produced by a parental pair. As individuals in a population most likely have different genotypes in TRD affecting loci, the total transmission ratio is close to the expected Mendelian ratio and masks potential TRD effects. Highly inbred strains of laboratory mice provide a very good model for studying this phenomenon, because comparing two mice strains is effectively similar as comparison of two individuals in a population. This study tests both forms of TRD in progeny of F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses of inbred mice. Three previously unknown instances of TRD in females were observed. Therefore, this study concludes that some genes in females may carry alleles that can cause segregation distortion.
