Differential Proteomics of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Gastritis, Ulcer, and Cancer Patients: First Study from Northwest Pakistan.

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori is a human-stomach-dwelling organism that causes many gastric illnesses, including gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer. The purpose of the study was to perform differential proteomic analysis on H. pylori isolates from gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: H. pylori was isolated from antrum and fundus biopsies obtained from patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology. Using nano-LC-QTOF MS/MS analysis, differentially regulated proteins were identified through proteome profiling of pooled samples of H. pylori isolated from gastritis, ulcer, and gastric cancer patients. Antigenic scores and cellular localization of proteins were determined using additional prediction tools. Results: A total of 14 significantly regulated proteins were identified in H. pylori isolated from patients with either gastritis, ulcer, or gastric cancer. Comparative analysis of groups revealed that in the case of cancer vs. gastritis, six proteins were overexpressed, out of which two proteins, including hydrogenase maturation factor (hypA) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk) involved in bacterial colonization, were only upregulated in isolates from cancer patients. Similarly, in cancer vs. ulcer, a total of nine proteins were expressed. Sec-independent protein translocase protein (tatB), involved in protein translocation, and pseudaminic acid synthase I (pseI), involved in the synthesis of functional flagella, were upregulated in cancer, while hypA and ndk were downregulated. In ulcer vs. gastritis, eight proteins were expressed. In this group, tatB was overexpressed. A reduction in thioredoxin peroxidase (bacterioferritin co-migratory protein (bcp)) was observed in ulcer vs. gastritis and cancer vs. ulcer. Conclusion: Our study suggested three discrete protein signatures, hypA, tatB, and bcp, with differential expression in gastritis, ulcer, and cancer. Protein expression profiles of H. pylori isolated from patients with these gastric diseases will help to understand the virulence and pathogenesis of H. pylori.

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the inflammatory response in a mouse model of endometriosis: An experimental study.

Background: Endometriosis pathogenesis is related to the inflammation shown by the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. This hypoxia condition can stimulate this condition. Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the inflammation reaction of endometriosis-induced mice. Materials and Methods: The animals were designated into 3 groups: I) the pre-test group, II) the post-test group receiving the HBOT, and III) the post-test group without HBOT. All groups were subjected to induction of endometriosis by xenotransplantation for 15 days. HBOT was given 30 min 3 times a day for 10 days. The evaluation of the HBOT effect was conducted by examining the endometrial tissue. The inflammation level was evaluated using the Klopfleisch semiquantitative scoring system (index remmele scale), whilst the expression of nuclear factor kappa (NF κ B) beta was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The results showed that group I demonstrated the highest level of inflammation degree (9.41 ± 1.99) compared to the post-test groups (group II: 1.60 ± 0.53; group III: 2.42 ± 0.53). The HBOT-groups was found to have the lowest inflammation level compared to the non-HBOT group (p = 0.020). The results demonstrated that HBOT lowered the peritoneal inflammation degree caused by the endometrial lesion in mice. NF κ B expression on the post-test groups was significantly decreased, compared to the pre-test group (p ≤ 0.001), with a strong correlation between the NF κ B expression and the peritoneal inflammation level (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.670). Conclusion: HBOT significantly reduced the inflammation level on the endometrial lesion in mice, involving the NF κ B pathway.