[Risk factors analyses for lateral neck lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma].

Objective:To study the risk factors for the lateral neck lymph node metastasis(LNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Method:Total 145 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were reviewed. These patients were divided into the following 2 groups: a lateral LNM-positive group and a lateral LNM-negative group.Clinical factors and tumor ultrasound characteristics were recorded, and the final pathology results were recorded as well. Result: Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that primary tumor size(pathological diameter) >1.0 cm, upper portion location and lymph node metastasis in central neck were the three risk factors for lateral LNM of PTC(OR=6.250,4.881,5.222,P<0.05). The lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck was not correlated obviously with gender, age, capsuleinvasion, multifocality and tumor ultrasonic characteristics(including illdefined and irregular in shape, calcification, hypervascularized). The probability of lateral LNM was then calculated according to the number of risk factors present in each of the 145 patients, using the three factors. When two or more factors were present, the probability increased up to 38.1 %(95%CI23-53).Conclusion: The present study provides that lateral LNM occurs mainly in patients, with a tumor size(pathological diameter) diameter>1.0 cm, with the primary tumor located in the upper part of the lobe and positive central compartment lymph node metastasis. The risk increased up when at least two of the three factors were present. So it needs to pay attention to the high risk factors seriously which effect lateral neck lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC, combined with ultrasonic characteristics of lateral cervical lymph node or more meticulous evaluations, to establish the lymph node dissection individually.

[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tonsil: two case reports and review of the literature].

Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) of the tonsil is extremely rare. Only a few cases of this tumor have been reported so far. In this article, we described two patients presented with abnormal sensation of throat or throat pain. The pathological examination were NEC. With review of the literatures, the clinical characteristics were summarized and therapeutic strategies were discussed.

[Development and identification of T. aestivum-S. cereale-H. villosa double translocation line 1RS.1BL, 6VS.6AL via chromosome C-banding and dual color FISH].

In order to enhance the disease resistance of wheat-rye 1BL.1RS translocation line and broaden its genetic bases, a 1RS.1BL line was crossed to 6VS.6AL and from its F2 progenies, a double translocation line designated as 1RS.1BL, 6VS.6AL (2n = 42) was identified by (root tip cell) RTC chromosome C-banding. Its mean chromosome configuration at PMC MI was 19.14II + 1.86[symbol: see text] II indicating genetic stability. Rye and H. villosa genomic DNA labelled by biotin- and digoxingenin-11-dUTP respectively were used as probes simultaneously for dual color FISH identification. The results confirmed the C-banding results. Rye and H. villosa chromatin after FISH expressed green or red signals respectively in both RTC and PMC of the double translocation line. This line showed normal fertility, desirable agronomic traits and resistance to powdery mildew, and might be of interest for wheat improvement.

Identification of RAPD markers tightly linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6.l.

Pm6 transferred from Triticum timopheevii L. to common wheat, is an effective resistance gene to powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. The RAPD technique, employing a total of 700 decamer primers, was used to identify polymorphic markers between resistant (IGVI463) and susceptible (Prins) near-isogenic lines. Primer OPV20 produced a 2,000 base pair (bp) reproducible fragment only in the resistant near-isogenic line. The 2,000-bp DNA fragment was present in all other introgression lines containing Pm6. Using the F2 mapping population from a cross of IGVI-463 (PI170914/7*Prins) x Prins, Pm6 was shown to be closely linked to the marker OPV20-2000 at a genetic distance of 3.0 +/- 2.2 cM. The marker was successfully used in detecting the presence of Pm6 in different genetic backgrounds.