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Objective To observe the effect of fluorine (F) and aluminum (Al) on serum,bone,teeth,brain,kidney and liver tissues,contents of F and Al in different tissues of rats with combined F-Al toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea were determined.Methods Forty SPF grade Wistar rats of 4 weeks,including 24 females and 16 males,weighing between 40 and 50 g,were divided into control group,F group,Al group and brick tea group by random number table according to their weight,ten rats (6 females,4 males) in each group.The control group received daily drinking water.The F group drank a solution with an F content of 100 mg/L,and the Al group drank a solution with an Al content of 159 mg/L.According to the drinking habits and consumption of the herdsmen,the tea concentration and tea consumption of the rats were calculated for the brick tea group,and a tea soup was made according to the ratio,with the F content of (100 ± 2) mg/L and the Al content of (159.0 ± 1.5) mg/L.One year later,the rats were killed to determine the contents of F and Al in serum,bone,teeth,brain,kidney and liver.Results The contents of F in bone,teeth and liver of the brick tea group [(275.81 + 55.89),(283.32 ± 70.67),(15.52 ±7.57) μg/g] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(0.04 ± 0.01),(128.52 ± 12.81),(5.89 ±0.33) μg/g,P ＜ 0.01].The Al contents of teeth and liver in the brick tea group [(6.14 ± 1.69),(8.97 ± 0.85) μg/g]were significantly higher than those of the control group [(0.72 + 0.54),(5.47 + 0.83) μg/g,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions F-Al combined toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea can cause the increases of F contents in bone,teeth and liver,and the increases of Al contents in teeth and liver.The main tissues damaged by F-Al combined toxicosis caused by drinking brick tea in rats are bone,teeth and liver.
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Objective To grasp the prevalence of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in Tibet,and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies.Methods Twelve counties were selected from 7 regions in Tibet.In accordance with the "Drinking Brick-Tea Type Endemic Fluorosis Monitoring Program",a total of 46 administrative villages were selected as survey points using the cluster stratified sampling method.Household water samples,tea-water samples and adult urine samples were collected,and household fluorine intake status and incidence of skeletal fluorosis in adults over 16 years old were investigated.In the rural grade primary school where the village children were concentrated,all children aged 8-12 were selected,urine samples were collected,and the prevalence of dental fluorosis was investigated.Fluoride contents in tea,water,and urine were detected by ion selective electrode method.The dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis were examined and judged according to the "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" (WS/T 208-2011) and the "Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS 192-2008),respectively.Results A total of 46 villages in 12 counties were investigated,1 992 of water samples,1 662 of tea samples,664 of children urine samples,3 186 of adult urine samples were detected;547 children aged 8-12 were examined dental fluorosis and 3 196 adults were examinea skeletal fluorosis,respectively.The water fluoride contents in all the investigated villages were less than 1.0 mg/L;the average fluoride content in brick-tea water was 6.12 mg/L,within the range of 0.11-84.00 mg/L,and the average daily brick tea fluorine intake of residents was 24.98 mg.The geometric mean of urine fluoride in children and adults was 0.76,2.28 mg/L,respectively.The prevalence rates of dental fluorosis in children and skeletal fluorosis in adults over 16 years old were 31.81％ (174/547) and 48.59％ (1 553/3 196),respectively.The children dental fluorosis index was 0.60.The detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in adults aged 36-45 was 13.37％ (69/516).Conclusions The prevalence of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in Tibet is serious and widely distributed.In particular,the prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis in adults is relatively high,while that of dental fluorosis in children is relatively mild.The prevention and control of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in Tibet brook no delay.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of Caveolin-1 and cyclin D1 and their significance in gastric cancer,and offer effective experiment evidence for the decision of gastric cancer prognosis and multitude pathway therapy.Methods The protein expression of Caveolin-1 and cyclin D1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 120 cases of gastric cancer and 30 cases of normal gastric tissue.The correlations were analyzed between Caveolin1 and cyclin D1 expression and the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer.Results The decreased expression of Caveolin-1 in gastric cancer may be negative correlated with tumorous differentiation degree,infiltration depth,lymphoid node metastasis and TNM stage;the increased expression of cyclin D1 in gastric cancer was positively correlated with tumorous differentiation degree,lymphoid node metastasis and TNM stage(r =- 0.297,P =0.001).Conclusion The expressions of Caveolin-1 and cyclin D1 were negatively correlated,and their negative synergy may be closely related to the occurrence,development and evolution of gastric cancer.Caveolin-1 and cyclin D1 were novel prognostic mark ers of gastric cancer,and may play an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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The transcriptional repressor RE1 silencer transcription factor(NRSF/REST) is an important factor that restricts some neuronal traits in neurons.Since these traits are also present in pancreatic islet cells,NRSF-regulated genes involved in islet function are searched.A NRSE-like motif was analysed in human insulin promoter.The role of NRSE was evaluated by generating a model of insulin-secreting cells that firmly express NRSF.The presence of NRSF led to a decrease in activity of human insulin promoter by stable or transient transfection with human insulin-promoter luciferase.The predicted NRSE-like motif also confers NRSF-dependent transcriptional repression in the context of a surrogate gene promoter.Specific binding activity of NRSF/REST to the NRSE-like motif was confirmed by EMSA.Moreover,the binding activity is competed by consensus NRSE sequence.These data showed that human insulin promoter is regulated by the transcriptional repressor NRSF/REST via the NRSE-like motif.
