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Objective:To study the impacts of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on perinatal outcomes and mode of delivery.Methods:From November 2016 to December 2017, single-pregnancy women in early pregnancy (<13 weeks) regularly checked-up at our hospital were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and followed up until delivery. They were assigned into four groups according to pre-pregnancy BMI: obese group (≥28.0 kg/m 2), overweight group(24.0-<28.0 kg/m 2), normal group (18.5-<24.0 kg/m 2) and underweight group(<18.5 kg/m 2). A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to screen for GDM. The optimal GWG was 11.0-16.0 kg for underweight group, 8.0-14.0 kg for normal group, 7.0-11.0 kg for overweight group and 5.0-9.0 kg for obesity group. The effects of pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM and GWG on perinatal outcomes and delivery mode were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression methods. Results:A total of 802 pregnant women were included. The incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were 21.8% and 8.9%, respectively. The incidence of GDM was 14.1%. 57.2% of the participants experienced excessive GWG. The incidences of macrosomia, low birth weight and premature birth were 7.1%, 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively. The incidence of Cesarean delivery (C-section) was 37.7%. Pre-pregnancy obesity [adjusted odds ratio ( AOR)=4.355, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.900-9.980] and excessive GWG ( AOR=3.799, 95% CI 1.796-8.034) were independent risk factors for macrosomia. Excessive GWG was a protective factor for low birth weight ( AOR=0.279, 95% CI 0.084-0.928) and inadequate GWG was a risk factor for low birth weight ( AOR=10.954, 95% CI 3.594-33.382) and premature birth ( AOR=8.796, 95% CI 2.628-29.438). Compared with the normal group, overweight group had an increased risk of C-section ( AOR=1.817, 95% CI 1.119-2.949). Compared with pregnant women without pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, GDM nor excessive GWG, any combination of two of the above-mentioned three factors increased the risks of macrosomia ( AOR=3.908, 95% CI 1.630-9.370) and C-section ( AOR=2.269, 95% CI 1.325-3.886). The risks of macrosomia and C-section were the highest when all three factors existed. Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG are independent risk factors for macrosomia and pre-pregnancy overweight is a risk factor of C-section. Exposure to any two of the three factors (pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, GDM and excessive GWG) increases risks of macrosomia and C-section and the highest risk is observed when all three factors are present.
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Objective@#To investigate the incidence and risk factors of peripartum mood disorder (PPMD) in order to improve clinical prevention and intervention of this condition.@*Methods@#This was a prospective cohort study recruiting first-trimester pregnant women (<13 gestational weeks) from Beijing Daxing Maternal and Child Care Hospital from October 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Their life styles, social and environmental factors exposure during pregnancy were also collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test, student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test and multivariate logistic regression.@*Results@#(1) A total of 478 subjects were enrolled in early pregnancy and 460 (96.2%) and 431 (90.2%) of them completed SAS and SDS assessment in the second and third trimesters, respectively, and 413 (86.4%) of the subjects finished both assessments on two occasions. (2) The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 7.1% (30/425) and 13.9% (59/425) in the second trimester, and 11.2% (44/392) and 21.5% (84/390) in the third. The incidence of anxiety and depression in the third trimester was 7.7% (26/336) and 9.6% (30/313). (3) Cross-sectional data analysis showed that prolonged television watching was a risk factor of anxiety in the second (OR=1.216, 95%CI: 1.055-1.402) and third (OR=1.166, 95%CI: 1.044-1.303) trimester, while exercise was a protect factor (OR=0.238, 95%CI: 0.105-0.541; OR=0.432, 95%CI: 0.212-0.879). Pregnant women with longer sleeping time had lower risks of depression in the second trimester (OR=0.725, 95%CI: 0.554-0.950); those who did exercise had lower risks of depression in the third trimester (OR=0.450, 95%CI: 0.252-0.803). (4) Longitudinal-data analysis revealed that longer television watching time in the second trimester was a risk factor for anxiety (OR=1.264, 95%CI: 1.117-1.432) and depression (OR=1.119, 95%CI: 1.005-1.246) in the third trimester.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the third trimester is higher than that in the second trimester. The incidence of depression is higher than that of anxiety in the third trimester. Prolonged television viewing time in the second trimester is a risk factor for both anxiety and depression in the third trimester.
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Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of peripartum mood disorder (PPMD) in order to improve clinical prevention and intervention of this condition.Methods This was a prospective cohort study recruiting first-trimester pregnant women (＜13 gestational weeks) from Beijing Daxing Maternal and Child Care Hospital from October 1,2016 to December 31,2017.Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status in the second and third trimesters,respectively.Their life styles,social and environmental factors exposure during pregnancy were also collected.Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test,student's t test,MannWhitney U test and multivariate logistic regression.Results (1) A total of 478 subjects were enrolled in early pregnancy and 460 (96.2％) and 431 (90.2％) of them completed SAS and SDS assessment in the second and third trimesters,respectively,and 413 (86.4％) of the subjects finished both assessments on two occasions.(2) The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 7.1％ (30/425) and 13.9％ (59/425) in the second trimester,and 11.2％ (44/392) and 21.5％ (84/390) in the third.The incidence of anxiety and depression in the third trimester was 7.7％ (26/336) and 9.6％ (30/313).(3) Cross-sectional data analysis showed that prolonged television watching was a risk factor of anxiety in the second (OR=1.216,95％CI:1.055-1.402) and third (OR=1.166,95％CI:1.044-1.303) trimester,while exercise was a protect factor (OR=0.238,95％CI:0.105-0.541;OR=0.432,95％CI:0.212-0.879).Pregnant women with longer sleeping time had lower risks of depression in the second trimester (OR=0.725,95％CI:0.554-0.950);those who did exercise had lower risks of depression in the third trimester (OR=0.450,95％CI:0.252-0.803).(4) Longitudinal-data analysis revealed that longer television watching time in the second trimester was a risk factor for anxiety (OR=1.264,95％CI:1.117-1.432) and depression (OR=1.119,95％CI:1.005-1.246) in the third trimester.Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the third trimester is higher than that in the second trimester.The incidence of depression is higher than that of anxiety in the third trimester.Prolonged television viewing time in the second trimester is a risk factor for both anxiety and depression in the third trimester.
