Pneumonitis Risk After Chemoradiotherapy With and Without Immunotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is the standard of care for patients with unresectable and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of ICIs to CRT is associated with an increased risk of pneumonitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies published between January 1, 2015, and July 31, 2023. The outcome of interest was the incidence rate of pneumonitis. A random-effects model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 185 studies with 24,527 patients were included. The pooled rate of grade ≥2 pneumonitis for CRT plus ICIs was significantly higher than that for CRT alone (29.6%; 95% CI, 25.7%-33.6% vs 20.2%; 95% CI, 17.7%-22.8%; P < .0001) but not that of grade ≥3 (5.7%; 95% CI, 4.8%-6.6% vs 5.6%; 95% CI, 4.7%-6.5%; P = .64) or grade 5 (0.1%; 95% CI, 0.0%-0.2% vs 0.3%; 95% CI, 0.1%-0.4%; P = .68). The results from the subgroup analyses of prospective studies, retrospective studies, Asian and non-Asian studies, concurrent CRT (cCRT), and durvalumab consolidation were comparable to the overall results. However, CRT or cCRT plus PD-1 inhibitors not only significantly increased the incidence of grade ≥2 but also that of grade ≥3 pneumonitis compared to CRT alone or cCRT plus PD-L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with CRT alone, durvalumab consolidation after CRT appears to be associated with a higher incidence of moderate pneumonitis and CRT plus PD-1 inhibitors with an increased risk of severe pneumonitis. Nevertheless, these findings are based on observational studies and need to be validated in future large head-to-head studies.

Comparison of post-chemoradiotherapy pneumonitis between Asian and non-Asian patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pneumonitis is a common complication for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). It remains unclear whether there is ethnic difference in the incidence of post-CRT pneumonitis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2023. The outcomes of interest were incidence rates of pneumonitis. The random-effect model was used for statistical analysis. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023416490). Findings: A total of 248 studies involving 28,267 patients were included. Among studies of CRT without immunotherapy, the pooled rates of pneumonitis for Asian patients were significantly higher than that for non-Asian patients (all grade: 66.8%, 95% CI: 59.2%-73.9% vs. 28.1%, 95% CI: 20.4%-36.4%; P < 0.0001; grade ≥2: 25.1%, 95% CI: 22.9%-27.3% vs. 14.9%, 95% CI: 12.0%-18.0%; P < 0.0001; grade ≥3: 6.5%, 95% CI: 5.6%-7.3% vs. 4.6%, 95% CI: 3.4%-5.9%; P = 0.015; grade 5: 0.6%, 95% CI: 0.3%-0.9% vs. 0.1%, 95% CI: 0.0%-0.2%; P < 0.0001). Regarding studies of CRT plus immunotherapy, Asian patients had higher rates of all-grade (74.8%, 95% CI: 63.7%-84.5% vs. 34.3%, 95% CI: 28.7%-40.2%; P < 0.0001) and grade ≥2 (34.0%, 95% CI: 30.7%-37.3% vs. 24.6%, 95% CI: 19.9%-29.3%; P = 0.001) pneumonitis than non-Asian patients, but with no significant differences in the rates of grade ≥3 and grade 5 pneumonitis. Results from subgroup analyses were generally similar to that from the all studies. In addition, the pooled median/mean of lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy and mean lung dose were relatively low in Asian studies compared to that in non-Asian studies. Interpretation: Asian patients are likely to have a higher incidence of pneumonitis than non-Asian patients, which appears to be due to the poor tolerance of lung to radiation. Nevertheless, these findings are based on observational studies and with significant heterogeneity, and need to be validated in future large prospective studies focusing on the subject. Funding: None.

Immobilization capacity assessment of a binder from arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste: Effects of halloysite nanotubes and biochar addition.

The aim of this study was to improve the immobilization capacity of a binder prepared from As-containing biohydrometallurgy waste (BAW) on arsenic (As) by modifying it with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and biochar (BC). The study investigated the influence of HNTs and BC on the chemical fractions and leaching characteristics of As, as well as the influence on the compressive strength of BAW. The results indicated that the addition of HNTs and BC effectively decreased As leaching. The presence of 1.0 wt% HNTs decreased the As leaching concentration from 1.08 mg/L to 0.15 mg/L, with the corresponding immobilization rate reaching about 90.9 %. A high amount of BC seemed to show better performance in improving the As immobilization capacity of BAW. However, a strongly reduced early compressive strength of BAW was observed, making it unsuitable to be used as an additive in this situation. The effects of HNTs on the increase of As immobilization capacity of BAW were attributed to two aspects. Firstly, As species were adsorbed onto the surface of HNTs via H-bonds, which was verified via density functional theory calculation. Secondly, the addition of HNTs decreased the pore volume of BAW, leading to a more compact structure, and hence increasing the physical encapsulation capacity for As. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The rational disposal of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste has always been a top priority for the green and low-carbon development of the metallurgical industry. In this article, we have taken the perspective of large-scale resource utilization of solid waste and pollution control, and developed arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste into a cementitious material, and enhancing arsenic immobilization capacity with the addition of HNTs and BC. This study provides an effective method for the rational disposal of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste.

Synergistic removal of phosphorus and fluorine impurities in phosphogypsum by enzyme-induced modified microbially induced carbonate precipitation method.

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is difficult to be used for phosphogypsum (PG) treatment because the pH of PG is too low to be suitable for the growth of some bacteria. When acidophilus bacteria are used to treat PG, their low mineralization rate leads to low removal of the impurities. Based on the above problems, this study reports a new method that uses enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) modified acidophilus bacteria solution to remove phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) in PG. Five kinds of mixtures of MICP and EICP (ME) were used to leach the PG column, and its mechanism was discussed. The results show that when the ratio of MICP to EICP is 2:1, the removal ratio of P and F is the highest, which reaches 72.87-74.92%. Compared with the single traditional bacillus solution or single acidophilic bacteria solution, the impurity removal ratio of the ME21 (MICP:EICP=2:1) mixture is increased by about 13%. The good acid resistance of the urease enzyme and acidophilic bacteria improves their growth and activity, thus increasing the biomineralization rate by about 22%. Additionally, the ME treatment is 30% cheaper than the traditional binder treatment. Therefore, this new treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly method.

Recycling of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste to produce a binder for cemented paste backfill: Co-treatment with oil shale residue.

The high cost of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) limits the broad usage of cemented paste backfill (CPB). Additionally, improper disposal of arsenic-containing biohydrometallurgy waste (BW) can cause tremendous pollution to the environment. Consequently, BW is used to prepare an alternative cementitious material for CPB in this study. The effect of calcined oil shale residue (COSR) on the binder's characteristics was studied. The reaction kinetics of the binder in the presence of COSR were studied via the isothermal calorimeter test and the Krstulovic-Dabic model; mechanical strength and hydration product modifications due to the addition of COSR were also investigated. The leaching of hazardous elements from the binder was also investigated. The results showed that adding COSR reduced the flowability of fresh slurry and early-age compressive strength; however, adding 20 wt% COSR resulted in the highest later age compressive strength, thereby reaching ∼43.65 MPa after 60 days. The compressive strength of the CPB sample using the COSR20 as a binder may reach ∼87% of the OPC-based CPB sample. Furthermore, the presence of COSR had no significant effect on the phase assembles but changed the amount of ettringite (AFt) and calcium silicate aluminate hydrate (C-A-S-H). The results of this study show that the prepared binder could be used as an alternative to OPC in CPB.

Preparation and characterization of a new alkali-activated binder for superfine-tailings mine backfill.

Recently, the increasing of ultrafine-tailings increases the amount of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in cemented paste backfill (CPB), which leads to the rise of CPB cost and carbon emission. As a result, it is necessary to develop alternative binders. The present work focuses on the preparation of a new binder, which is activated by a mixture of calcined quarry dust (CQD) and NaOH at a mass ratio of 1:1. The results indicated that CQD/NaOH was more effective than using NaOH or CQD alone in activating blast furnace slag (BFS) and also showed better performance than OPC. The compressive strength of the CPB samples using 10% CQD/NaOH was around 3.78 MPa after curing for 90 days, around 42% higher than the OPC-based CPB samples. The reaction products of CQD/NaOH-activated BFS consisted mainly of C-(A)-S-H, hydrotalcite like phases (Ht), and M-S-H. The generation of Ht phases lowered the Al incorporation into the structure of C-S-H, resulting in lower average Al/Si ratio and mean chain length.

Low carbon binder modified by calcined quarry dust for cemented paste backfill and the associated environmental assessments.

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) favors the sustainable development of mine industry. However, as the primary cementitious binders in CPB, the high cost of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) discourages CPB utilization. In the present work, low-carbon and low-cost binders activated by Na2CO3 supplemented by calcined quarry dust were used in CPB. The binder was prepared using a 'one-part' method. It was found that binders prepared using 8% Na2CO3 and 5% CQD show the best performance. The superior properties of the binders were attributed to the promoted binder hydration and special phase assembles of the hydration products. Cost and carbon emission analysis showed that Na2CO3 activated binder was cheaper and greener. The cost and CO2 emission of binder B8Q5 were lower than OPC by around 34.16% and 87.76%, respectively. Besides, leaching tests showed that all the toxic metals were stabilized, which posed no environmental risk.

Study on the Utilization of Iron Tailings in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: Fresh Properties and Compressive Behaviors.

In this paper iron tailing sand (TS) are used as aggerate to develop ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC). The mix proportion of UHPC is designed and TS were added by 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (wt.%, i.e., weight percentage) to replace natural river sand. Firstly, the influence of TS on the slurry behavior was carried out. The experimental result indicates that with the continuously increasing content of TS, the workability of slurry decreases, while the air content increases. Considering the workability, the optimal replacing dosage of TS should be less than 50%. Then, tests for the hardened specimens were taken. The compressive behavior and micro-porosity deteriorate with increasing content of TS, and the compressive strength had a positive linear relationship with the workability, which indicated that the decline the compressive behavior is mainly due to the loss of flowability. Finally, autogenous shrinkages of UHPC with different TS dosage were also tested. At the same time, the micro-structure of specimens was discussed, which was deteriorate with the increasing dosage of TS. Therefore, comprehensively considering the compressive behavior, micro-structure and shrinkage behavior, as much as 50% of the aggregate could be replaced by TS when developing UHPC.

Incidence and prognosis of undifferentiated cancers of the digestive system: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Cases of undifferentiated cancers of the digestive system (UCDS) are occasionally encountered in clinical practice; however, no large-scale studies have described their characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, prognosis, and treatment strategies of UCDS. METHODS: We used the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to evaluate clinical characteristics in UCDS patients. A cohort of 1,372 patients was included to estimate UCDS incidence; another cohort of 1,816 patients was followed up until December 31, 2017 to evaluate treatment and prognosis. The incidence, trends, treatments, overall survival, and cause-specific survival were assessed. RESULTS: The estimated incidence of UCDS was 0.136 per 100,000 people-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.129-0.143] from 1975 to 2016 with respect to sex, age, year of diagnosis, race, region, site, income, and education. The age-adjusted rates of UCDS dropped from 0.567 per 100,000 people-years in 1978 to 0.031 per 100,000 people-years in 2016. The rates of surgery, beam radiation, and chemotherapy in patients with UCDS were 37.3%, 17.3%, and 30.7%, respectively. Overall, the 5-year cause-specific survival rate was 18%, with a median cause-specific survival of 4 months. Patient prognosis improved significantly over the decades; stage, site, year of diagnosis, surgery, beam radiation, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for UCDS mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of UCDS has decreased in the United States over the past 40 years. Patients benefited from surgery, beam radiation, and chemotherapy. The survival of patients with UCDS has improved. Further research on developing decision-making recommendations for UCDS treatment is crucial.

Decrease in radiation therapy rates in patients with stage I seminoma: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy has long been considered the standard adjuvant treatment after radical orchidectomy for stage I seminoma. However, active surveillance and carboplatin chemotherapy have recently become alternative strategies. Despite this, the transition in management regimens is not yet fully recognized. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the 40-year trend in radiotherapy for patients with stage I seminoma in the United States. METHODS: We identified 21,976 men in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database who were registered in 18 centers and who had a diagnosis of localized testis seminoma between 1975 and 2015. Patients of unknown age or whose tumors were not malignant were excluded. We investigated the rate of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surveillance by year of diagnosis, clarified the characteristics related to the decline in radiotherapy rate, and analyzed patient survival by year of diagnosis. RESULTS: From 1975 to 2015, 52.9% (11,622/21,976) patients with stage I seminoma received external radiotherapy. The rate of radiotherapy, however, gradually decreased to 46.7% (189/405) in 2008, 18.6% (70/376) in 2012, and 5.3% (19/359) in 2015. Patients aged under 34 years and married patients were more likely to avoid radiotherapy in the 21st century. Compared with the 1975-1999 time period, patient overall survival (OS) decreased significantly in 2000-2007. However, OS during 2008-2015 was not statistically different than that during the 1975-1999 time period. CONCLUSIONS: The role of radiotherapy in patients with stage I seminoma has fundamentally changed in the past 40 years and is no longer an essential treatment in the real-world management of this patient group.

Combination of beneficial bacteria improves blueberry production and soil quality.

Blueberry is an important agricultural crop with high nutritional, health, and economic value. Despite the well-studied blueberry cultivation methods and soil requirements, little is known about how beneficial bacteria function in organic blueberry cultivation systems and their effects on acidic soils. In this study, a single bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JC65 and three biocontrol bacteria consortiums containing JC65 were applied to organic system. The effect of bacteria to blueberry growth, yield, fruit quality, and soil quality was investigated. A consortium of three mixed Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens JC65, B. licheniforims HS10 and B. subtilis 7ze3) showed the highest growth improvement efficiency. The bacterial inoculation increased blueberry leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate by 21.50%, 13.21% at 30 days, and increased average plant height by 2.72% at 69 days. Compared with the control, the inoculated plants showed an increased yield of 14.56%. Interestingly, blueberry fruit quality was also improved with supplement of the bacterial consortium. Fruit anthocyanin, soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solids, and soluble protein content were increased by 5.99%, 4.21%, 17.31%, 2.41%, and 21.65%, respectively. Besides, beneficial bacterial consortium also enables sustainable agriculture by improving soil ammonium nitrogen and organic matter by 3.77% and 2.96% after blueberry planting. In conclusion, the combination of beneficial bacteria showed a synergistic activity in organic system to promote the blueberry yield, fruit quality, and soil nutrient preservation.

Ultrasonic evaluation of strength properties of cemented paste backfill: Effects of mineral admixture and curing temperature.

This paper presents the findings of a research study designed and conducted to investigate the effects of mineral admixture and curing temperature on uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) behavior of laboratory-prepared cemented paste backfill (CPB) samples. A total of 290 CPB samples were prepared at different replacement rates (10-80%), cured at various temperatures (10-50 °C), and respectively subjected to both UPV and UCS testing after curing times of 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. The obtained experimental results show that the addition of fly ash (FA) can lead to an increase or decrease trend in UCS and UPV behavior of CPB samples, depending on the replacement level of admixtures. There is a competition between the strength-increasing factor (micro-filler effect of FA) and strength-decreasing factor (lower amount of cement hydration products induced by replacement ratio). Both UPV and UCS are found to decrease with increasing blast furnace slag (Slag) replacement level mainly attributable to its low pozzolanic reactivity. Besides, the curing temperature has a significant influence on UCS and UPV behavior, depending on the curing time. Results also suggest that UPV is less sensitive to the variation in the admixture dosage and curing temperature than UCS. As a result, there exists a clear linear relationship between UPV and UCS behavior of both CPB samples prepared with FA and/or Slag admixtures, and CPB samples tested at each curing temperature. The main findings of this research study suggest that the UPV test can be reliably used for predicting CPB's strength properties, saving money and time to mine operators.

Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Alkali Activated Materials from Two Types of Blast Furnace Slags.

This paper investigated the effect of blast furnace slags (BFS) characteristics on the properties achievement after being alkali activated. The physical and chemical characteristics of BFS were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and laser granulometry. Multi-technical characterizations using calorimetry, XRD, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), nitrogen sorption and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) were applied to give an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the reaction products, microstructure and BFS characteristics. The test results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of alkali activated blast furnace slags (BFS) highly depend on the characteristics of BFS. Although the higher content of basic oxide could accelerate the hydration process and result in higher mechanical properties, a poor thermal stabilization was observed. On the other hand, with a higher content of Fe, the hydration process in alkali activated BFS2 lasts for a longer time, contributing to a delayed compressive strength achievement.

Incidence and prognosis factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Choriocarcinoma usually occurs in females and sometimes occurs in the testicles of males. Extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males was previously described in case reports, and our understanding of this type of cancer has remained limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence, treatment and prognostic factors of extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cohorts were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program by histology, tumor site and sex. One cohort of 115 patients was created using the SEER nine registries (1973-2014) to estimate the incidence. The other cohort of 197 patients was created using the SEER 18 registries (1973-2013) to estimate the patient demographics and survival. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 30 years. The most common primary tumor location was the mediastinum followed by the retroperitoneum and the brain. Approximately 23% of patients underwent beam radiation therapy, whereas 63.5% underwent surgery. The estimated one- and 5-year cause-specific survival rates were 49% and 35%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the age at diagnosis, ie, a younger age of 0-19 years old, and the primary tumor site, ie, the brain, were the independent prognostic factors and were correlated with a favorable prognosis. The median survival time of patients was 186 months, 13 months and 4 months in the 0-19, 20-49 and 50+ years of age, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extragonadal choriocarcinoma in males is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. A young age at diagnosis and primary tumor site in the brain were the independent prognostic factors.

Melatonin Treatment Inhibits the Growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes rice bacterial blight (BB), one of the most widespread and destructive diseases in rice-growing regions worldwide. Melatonin enhances pathogen resistance by inducing plant innate immunity, but the direct effect of melatonin on plant pathogenic bacteria is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of melatonin on Xoo. Exogenous melatonin at 200 µg/mL significantly inhibited the proliferation of Xoo and reduced the mRNA expression of five genes involved in cell division. This concentration of melatonin also inhibited the motility and biofilm formation of Xoo. Notably, melatonin was observed to alter the length of Xoo cells. To provide deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity, we examined global gene expression changes in Xoo strain PXO99 in response to the application of 200 µg/mL melatonin using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A wide range of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to catalytic activity and metal-binding activity were downregulated in Xoo cells in response to the melatonin treatment. In addition, DEGs responsible for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were also downregulated. These results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of melatonin on Xoo proliferation may involve the regulation of cell division in combination with a reduction in the concentration or activity of enzymes involved in metabolism.

Distinct subgroup of the Ras family member 3 (DIRAS3) expression impairs metastasis and induces autophagy of gastric cancer cells in mice.

PURPOSE: Distinct subgroup of the Ras family member 3 (DIRAS3), also called Aplasia Ras homolog member I, is a tumor suppressor gene that induces autophagy in several cancer cell lines. METHODS: This study analyzed DIRAS3, and markers of autophagy (p62, and LC3B-II) in surgically resected GC samples from 420 patients. The promotion of autophagy by DIRAS3 in gastric cancer (GC) cells was explored, which might explain its inhibitory role in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS: DIRAS3 expression in GC was positively correlated with LC3B-II amount, and negatively with metastasis; DIRAS3 and p62 levels were independent prognostic factors in GC. Overexpression of DIRAS3 in BGC-823 cells induced autophagy, led to decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, increased apoptosis, and impaired migration and invasion. While knockdown of DIRAS3 promoted proliferation and migration in MKN-45 cells. Overexpression of DIRAS3 in BGC-823 cells elevated autophagy levels in subcutaneous xenograft and inhibited tumor growth in mice; the hematogenous liver and lung metastasis of cancer cells were also suppressed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results suggest DIRAS3 may play a role in affecting proliferation and metastatic potential of GC cells, which may be associated with its involvement in autophagy regulation.

Primary atrial fibromyxosarcoma with multiple-system metastases: A case report.

RATIONALE: Fibromyxosarcoma is common in head and neck, vessel, omentum, and reproductive system, with low-grade malignant behavior. However, primary atrial fibromyxosarcoma with highly malignant behavior is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-year-old female presented with oppression in the chest, short breath, and onset of headache as initial symptoms. The preoperative echocardiogram showed a medium-size echogenic mass close to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve in the left atrium. DIAGNOSIS: Primary atrial fibromyxosarcoma with multiple-system metastases. INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent surgery, and the tumor was removed completely. The diagnosis of left atrium fibromyxosarcoma was confirmed through postoperative histopathological examination. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan was performed, which revealed multiple metastases to left adnexa, bilateral adrenal glands, left iliacus, right lateral ventricle, and skeletal system. OUTCOMES: The patient died of cerebral hernia caused by hemorrhage from the metastatic brain tumor, 30 days after the surgery, without receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. LESSONS: Cardiac fibromyxosarcoma is a rare primary malignant cardiac neoplasm, probably with systemic metastases. The possibility of malignancy should be considered as differential diagnosis for cardiac mass.

[Effects of bacterial consortium EG03 on control of pepper bacterial wilt and rhizosphere microbial community characteristics in fields].

Bacterial consortium EG03, consisted of several different antagonistic bacteria against Ralstonia solanacearum, was demonstrated to efficiently control bacterial wilt of pepper in field with a biocontrol efficacy of 85.8%. The traditional dilution plate method, the most probable number (MPN) method and Biolog system were adopted to determine effects of EG03 on characteristics of microbial community in pepper rhizosphere. It's shown that EGO3's effects on microbial community in pepper rhizospheric soil varied with time. There were an increase in the number of fungus and Bacillus spp. to some extent and a significant increase in that of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Biolog analysis showed that the curve between average well color development (AWCD) and incubation time was S-shaped for all the treatments and that the AWCD of pepper rhizospheric soil at the early stage was higher than at the late stage. The analysis of carbon source utilization showed that EG03 decreased microbial utilization of carbon source in short-term, and the microbial community of pepper rhizospheric soil at the late stage composed mainly of microbes depended on sugars as carbon resource. EG03 treatment could decrease the five microbial diversity indices of rhizospheric microbes in short term, then increased those indices instead, especially with significant (P < 0.05) increases in Simpson index and McIntosh evenness.