Screening of anti-fatigue active ingredients of Eleutherococcus senticosus via spectrum-effect relationship based on factor analysis and LC-MS/MS.

ES contains compounds known to have significant anti-fatigue activity. In recent years, it has received extensive attention because it is efficient. However, its active ingredients on antifatigue effect are still unclear. This study attempts to establish the spectrum-effect relationship of ES antifatigue activity to screen the effective components. The results showed that the similarity of 15 ES fingerprints obtained by LC-MS/MS was 0.533-0.992, and the chemical structures of 22 common peaks were identified. The anti-fatigue activity of 15 batches of ES was characterized by forced swimming test of mice and quantified by CAFI, among which S4, S1 and S5 had better activity. 9 components (caffeic acid, 5-(4-O-ß-D-glucosylferoyl)-quinic acid, (±)13-HODE, isofraxidin, eleutheroside E, syringin, pinoresinol diglucoside or its isomer, 7,8-dihydrodehydrocarbinol alcohol-4-O-ß-D-glucoside, secoisolariciresinol-4-O-ß-D-glucoside) highly related to anti-fatigue activity may be the effective components of ES.

Formaldehyde biodegradation by immobilized Methylobacterium sp. XJLW cells in a three-phase fluidized bed reactor.

In the present study, the ability of a newly isolated strain, Methylobacterium sp. XJLW to degrade formaldehyde was investigated in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. The resting cells of Methylobacterium sp. XJLW showed high formaldehyde tolerance (60 g L(-1)) and high degradation rate (1,687.5 mg L(-1) h(-1)) in shake flasks. This biodegradation was initiated by a dismutation reaction since formic acid was formed and caused significant dropping of pH in the media. The addition of CaCO(3) to the media was found as an effective strategy to control the pH and keep the cells in high degradation bioactivity. A three-phase fluidized bed reactor (TPFBR) was designed to test the formaldehyde-biodegrading ability of immobilized Methylobacterium sp. XJLW. Using a repeated-batch degradation mode, the immobilized cells were able to degrade 5 g L(-1) formaldehyde (with a maximal degradation rate of 464.5 mg L(-1) h(-1) under the optimum conditions) and showed stable bioactivity after 20 batches of reuse in the TPFBR.