Differentiation between atypical sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and inverted papilloma.

AIM: To seek additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to improve the accuracy of differentiation between atypical sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and inverted papilloma (IP) using conventional MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI examinations from 44 atypical cases (21 NHLs and 23 IPs) in sinonasal regions were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging features included tumour laterality, extension, T1-weighted imaging (WI)/T2WI signal intensity homogeneity and ratios, enhancement homogeneity and ratios, and ADCmean. RESULTS: In cases of NHL, homogeneous signal intensity was often observed on T2WI, which was homogeneous and significantly less enhanced than the turbinate, with lower ADCmean. Whereas in IPs, heterogeneous signal intensity was seen on T2WI, which was heterogeneous and of comparable enhancement to the turbinate, and higher ADCmean values were commonly seen. An ADCmean cut-off point of 1.10 × 10-3 mm2/s achieved 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 90% accuracy. In addition, special features were observed that support the distinction between the two tumours, including intestinal pattern enhancement in NHL and spot-like appearance on T2WI and enhancement in IP. CONCLUSIONS: ADCmean was the most valuable metric for differentiating between the atypical sinonasal NHLs and IPs.

[The suppressive effects of microRNA-139-5p on proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the role of microRNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effects on cell proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells and its molecular mechanisms. Methods: Seventy-five cases of ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues were obtained from thoracic surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to March 2018. Experiment was divided into two group: ESCC (n=75) and normal esophageal tissues (n=75).GEO datasets and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of miR-139-5p in ESCC tissues and cells. miR-139-5p inhibitor, miR-139-5p mimic, negative control, control siRNA, T-box transcliption factor 1(TBX1) siRNA, pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1-TBX1 were transfected into ESCC Eca109 and TE1 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of miR-139-5p and TBX1 in transfected ESCC cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell chamber were employed to detect cell proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells, respectively. Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay was used to analyze the interaction between miR-139-5p with TBX1. qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were utilized to detect the expression of TBX1 in ESCC tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin after transfection. Results: The level of miR-139-5p in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues (1.17±0.43 vs 5.16±3.62,P<0.001). Log-rank test showed that the survival rate of ESCC patients with high miR-139-5p level (n = 43) was significantly higher than that with low miR-139-5p level (n=32) (67.44% vs 25.00%, P = 0.005). The expression level of miR-139-5p in ESCC cells was significantly lower than that of normal esophageal epithelial cell Het-1A (all P<0.001). The proliferation and invasion ability of ECA109 and TE1 cells with high expression of miR-139-5p were significantly lower than those transfected with negative control (NC) (all P<0.05). Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay showed that miR-139-5p could bind to the 3'-untranslated region of TBX1. miR-139-5p mimic or inhibitor suppressed or promoted the expression of TBX1 protein in Eca109 and TE1 cells, respectively (all P<0.05). Downregulation of TBX1 significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion of ECA109 and TE1 cells, while overexpression of TBX1 significantly promoted proliferation and invasion of ECA109 and TE1 cells (all P<0.05). In addition, pcDNA3.1-TBX1 partially reversed the inhibition of miR-139-5p-mediated invasion ability (all P<0.05), while TBX1 siRNA partially reversed the enhancement of miR-139-5p inhibitor-mediated invasion ability (all P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-139-5p suppressed ESCC cell proliferation and invasion by targeting TBX1.

The correlation of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in breast cancer

Purpose To study the imaging parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (18F-FDG) in breast cancer on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)—the correlation of clinical pathological factors and prognosis among the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of lesions for patients. Methods From January 2012 to December 2014, a total of 125 female patients were treated in our hospital for the first time and were diagnosed as breast cancer by histopathology. They were selected as the research subjects. All of them had complete 18F-FDG PET/CT examination data before surgery, the postoperative clinicopathological information, and follow-up data. They were divided into the event group (38 cases) and the event-free group (87 cases) according to whether local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred after the follow-up, with the follow-up time 4–60 months. The correlation on 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of breast cancer with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was retrospectively evaluated. Results The primary lesions of 125 cases with breast cancers all had higher 18F-FDG uptake, and the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of the primary tumors in the event group were significantly higher than those in the event-free group (t = 2.645, 2.782, 15.263, p = 0.011, 0.008, 0.000), p < 0.05; SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary breast cancer have no correlation with age and tumor site of patient (p > 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary tumor in the comparison of different tumor size, T stage, N stage, and histological grades (p < 0.05); all of SUVmax, MTV, and TLG in the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive groups were lower than those in the negative group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) (AU)

The correlation of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To study the imaging parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (18F-FDG) in breast cancer on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-the correlation of clinical pathological factors and prognosis among the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of lesions for patients. METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2014, a total of 125 female patients were treated in our hospital for the first time and were diagnosed as breast cancer by histopathology. They were selected as the research subjects. All of them had complete 18F-FDG PET/CT examination data before surgery, the postoperative clinicopathological information, and follow-up data. They were divided into the event group (38 cases) and the event-free group (87 cases) according to whether local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred after the follow-up, with the follow-up time 4-60 months. The correlation on 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of breast cancer with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The primary lesions of 125 cases with breast cancers all had higher 18F-FDG uptake, and the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of the primary tumors in the event group were significantly higher than those in the event-free group (t = 2.645, 2.782, 15.263, p = 0.011, 0.008, 0.000), p < 0.05; SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary breast cancer have no correlation with age and tumor site of patient (p > 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary tumor in the comparison of different tumor size, T stage, N stage, and histological grades (p < 0.05); all of SUVmax, MTV, and TLG in the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive groups were lower than those in the negative group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive group, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) high expression group were higher than those in the negative group and low expression group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). There were 38 recurrence and metastasis cases within 125 cases with breast cancer in 5 years after operation, with the total recurrence and metastasis rate as 30.40% (38/125). The event-free survival rate in the SUVmax ≥ 8.64 group was significantly lower than that in the SUVmax < 8.64 group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer can reflect the biological behavior of the tumor indirectly; therefore, it was studied on the related correlation to provide the guidance of clinical individualized comprehensive treatment and prognostic judgment.

Correlation study between the magnetic resonance imaging features of breast cancer and expression of immune molecular subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features and immune molecular subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 129 breast cancer patients were selected as the research object. All the patients were diagnosed by histopathology. All of them had breast magnetic resonance imaging and examination data of immunohistochemical (IHC) ER, PR, HER-2, and Ki-67. The correlation of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features with different immune molecular subtypes was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Breast cancer is divided into different molecular subtypes. There were 72 cases with Luminal A type (55.81%), 20 cases with Luminal B type (15.50%), 14 cases with HER-2+ type (HER-2 type for over-expression) (10.85%), 23 cases with TNBC type (ER, PR and HER-2 were negative) (17.84%). The magnetic resonance imaging features of breast cancer were included, the post-enhanced morphology, margins, internal enhancement features, time-signal intensity curve (TIC) and molecular subtype expression of lesions were significantly correlated with the immune molecular subtypes (C=0.602, 0.439, 0.350 and 0.407, p=0.000, 0.000, 0.006 and 0.000). Lesion morphology: Luminal A type was mainly oval, accounting for 76.39% (55/76). Luminal B type and HER-2+ type was mainly irregular, accounting for 75.00% (15/20) and 64.29% (9/14) respectively. TNBC type was mainly shown as lobulation, accounting for 60.87% (14/23). Margin of the lesion: Luminal A type was mainly smooth margin, accounting for 73.61% (53/72). Luminal B type and TNBC type were mainly irregular margin, accounting for 70.00% (14/20) and 56.52% (13/23) respectively. The margin of HER-2+ type was mainly spiculation, accounting for 64.29% (9/14). The internal enhancement features: Luminal A type was mainly even enhancement, accounting for 62.50% (45/72). Luminal B type and HER-2+ type were mainly heterogeneous enhancement, accounting for 65.00% (13/20) and 64.29% (9/14) respectively. TNBC type was mainly annular enhancement, accounting for 73.91% (17/23). TIC type: Luminal A type was mainly Type II, accounting for 66.67% (48/72). Luminal B, HER-2+ type and TNBC type was mainly Type III, accounting for 70.00% (14/20), 64.29% (9/14) and 60.87% (14/23) respectively. The clinical signs include painless breast lumps, bloody breast discharge, and orange peel-like skin changes, nipple retraction and nipple elevation. There is no significant correlation between the above signs and the expression of molecular subtypes (C=0.014, 0.129, 0.154, 0.097 and 0.057, p=0.999, 0.533, 0.447, 0.747 and 0.935 respectively), the difference is not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging was certainly correlated with the expression of immune molecular subtypes. The breast cancer molecular subtypes can be predicted by the imaging signs, which can provide valuable information for preoperative neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.

[Combination of PP242 and dasatinib suppresses the progression of acute myeloid leukemia in a mouse model].

Objective: To establish the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mouse model, and to preliminarily investigate the efficiency of dasatinib, a tryosine kinase inhibitor, and PP242, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the development of AML. Methods: The lineage(-) (Lin(-)) cells of C57BL/6J were transduced with retrovirus carrying MSCV-MLL-AF9-IRES-GFP fusion gene. The transduced cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipient mice to induce AML, and then the AML mouse model were established. The leukemia mice were treated with vehicle, dasatinib, PP242, dasatinib+ PP242, separately. The survival of the recipient mice was observed and the percentage of leukemia cells in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) was examined every four days. The apoptosis rates and cell cycle status of leukemia cells were also examined by FLOW. The leukemia cells in different group were sorted, the mRNA of these leukemia were extracted and reverse transcripted for related gene expression by qRT-PCR. The molecular mechanism of supression of leukemia cells growth was studied via RNA-Seq experiments. Results: Compared with control group, either PP242 or dasatinib could prolong the survival rate of recipient mice, however, the combination treatment AML mice with PP242 and dasatinib prolonged the life span of AML mice more significantly. The combination of PP242 and dasatinib could decrease the percentage of leukemia cells in PB and BM more significantly, arresting more leukemia cells in G0 phase, inducing more apoptosis of leukemia cells. Conclusion: Combination of tryosine kinase inhibitor-dasatinib and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor- PP242 could delay the progression of AML by inducing more leukemia to apoptosis and arrest more leukemia cells in the cell cycle G0 phase, it may be provied a new method for clinical therapy.

[Effects of microRNA-373 on the proliferation and invasiveness of breast carcinoma and its mechanisms].

Objective: To explore the effects of microRNA (miR)-373 on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and its mechanisms. Methods: Breast carcinoma tissues and its corresponding normal tissues (80 cases) were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2010 to 2014. Quantitative real-time (RT)-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-373 of breast carcinoma tissues and its corresponding normal tissues. The cellula experiment was divided into three groups: the normal control group, the miR-373 mimic group and the miR-373 inhibitor group. The proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit.8 (CCK-8) method and the invasion and migration were detected by Transwell method. Effect of miR-373 on cell apoptosis was determined by Flow Cytometry. Results: Expression of miR-373 in breast cancer tissue was significant lower than the normal breast tissues (0.21±0.09 vs 0.98±0.23, P<0.001); expression of miR-373 contributed to the inhibition of Bcl-6 expression. The apoptosis rate in miR-373 was higher than normal control group (18.29%±0.29% vs 4.91%±0.31%), cell proliferation, cell invasion and cell migration were lower than normal control group [(0.69±0.11) vs (1.25±0.12) (the fifth day), (30.50±0.20) vs (66.50±0.42), (29.50±0.21) vs (48.50±0.31), all P<0.05]. Conclusion: miR-373 plays a suppressive role in proliferation and invasion of breast carcinoma, and the downregulation of miR-373 promotes the invasion of breast cancer which may mediate by the increased expression of Bcl-6.

[Initial osteoblast functions on a type of near ß-type titanium alloys surfaces modified by the double glow plasma nitriding technology].

Objective: To evaluate the adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) of osteoblast-like cells on a type of near ß-type titanium alloys (Ti-5Zr-3Sn-5Mo-15Nb, TLM) surfaces modified by the double glow plasma nitriding technology, and to investigate the effect of the modified surfaces on the initial functions of osteoblast-like cells. Methods: The surfaces of TLM were modified by the double glow plasma nitriding technology. TLM surfaces without modification were used as control. Cell morphology was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to measure cell proliferation. Cell ALP activity was evaluated by using reagent kits. The mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2), typeⅠcollagen alpha 1 chain (COLⅠ α1) and OPG/RANKL were examined by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). Results: Four hour following cell alture, cells on modified surfaces extend filopodia and intercellular junction was tight. Three days later, cell proliferation (0.277±0.007) was significantly higher than that in control group (0.249±0.004) (P<0.01). After two weeks, ALP activity on TLM modified layer (173.6±1.89) was significantly higher than that on unmodified TLM (162.6±2.4) (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of osteoblast marker RUNX2, COLⅠα1 were stronger than that in control group (P<0.05). The expression of OPG mRNA was higher than that in control group (P<0.01), and RANKL mRNA expression was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The TLM surface modified by the double glow plasma nitriding technology has a positive effect on osteoblasts initial adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and it can also improve expression of OPG mRNA and has an inhibitory effect on RANKL mRNA expression of osteoblasts.

Mutagens from heated Chinese and U.S. cooking oils.

BACKGROUND: The lung cancer incidence in Chinese women is among the highest in the world, but tobacco smoking accounts for only a minority of the cancers. Epidemiologic investigations of lung cancer among Chinese women have implicated exposure to indoor air pollution from wok cooking, where the volatile emissions from unrefined cooking oils are mutagenic. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify and quantify the potentially mutagenic substances emitted from a variety of cooking oils heated to the temperatures typically used in wok cooking. METHODS: Several cooking oils and fatty acids were heated in a wok to boiling, at temperatures (for the cooking oils) that ranged from 240 degrees C to 280 degrees C (typical cooking temperatures in Shanghai, China). The oils tested were unrefined Chinese rapeseed, refined U.S. rapeseed (known as canola), Chinese soybean, and Chinese peanut in addition to linolenic, linoleic, and erucic fatty acids. Condensates of the emissions were collected and tested in the Salmonella mutation assay (using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA104). Volatile decomposition products also were subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Aldehydes were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV spectroscopy. RESULTS: 1,3-Butadiene, benzene, acrolein, formaldehyde, and other related compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively detected, with emissions tending to be highest for unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil and lowest for peanut oil. The emission of 1,3-butadiene and benzene was approximately 22-fold and 12-fold higher, respectively, from heated unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil than from heated peanut oil. Lowering the cooking temperatures or adding an antioxidant, such as butylated hydroxyanisole, before cooking decreased the amount of these volatile emissions. Among the individual fatty acids tested, heated linolenic acid produced the greatest quantities of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrolein. Separately, the mutagenicity of individual volatile emission condensates was correlated with linolenic acid content (r = .83; P = .0004). Condensates from heated linolenic acid, but not linoleic or erucic acid, were highly mutagenic. CONCLUSIONS: These studies, combined with experimental and epidemiologic findings, suggest that high-temperature wok cooking with unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil may increase lung cancer risk. This study indicates methods that may reduce that risk. IMPLICATIONS: The common use of wok cooking in China might be an important but controllable risk factor in the etiology of lung cancer. In the United States, where cooking oils are usually refined for purity, additional studies should be conducted to further quantify the potential risks of such methods of cooking.

Genotoxicity of heated cooking oil vapors.

Epidemiological studies of lung cancer in Chinese women indicated that factors other than cigarette smoking are related to lung cancer risk. A case-control study suggested that indoor air pollution, particularly from cooking oil emissions, may be involved. Condensates of volatile emissions from rapeseed and soybean cooking oils were prepared and found to be genotoxic in short-term tests including the Salmonella mutation assay, SV50 forward-mutation assay, and sister-chromatid exchange assay, as well as the micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow. In contrast, condensates from rapeseed oil with butylated hydroxyanisole or hydrogenated rapeseed oil were not mutagenic, implicating oxidation products as the cause for mutagenicity. Peanut oil and lard condensates were not mutagenic in any assay. The association of exposure to Chinese rapeseed cooking-oil emissions and lung-cancer risk may be related to the mutagenic component of these condensates.

Investigation of cancer epidemiology and study of carcinogenic agents in the Shanghai Rubber Industry.

Preliminary studies on crude cancer incidences among workers from 89 factories in Shanghai revealed excessive risk of cancer for workers in certain workshops of rubber tire factories. Chronic in situ animal exposures showed that compounding and Banbury mills for mastication and mixing were origins of carcinogenic contaminants. Various chronic experiments indicated the carcinogenicity of PBNA in rats and mice, especially with regard to the lungs. The high concentration of PBNA in the atmosphere of the work area seemed to be related to the excessive incidence of lung cancer among the workers. Epidemiological investigation showed that there was an excessive number of cases of lung cancer in the workshop of rubber tire factories where compounding, mixing, and milling took place.