Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Aerobic, Exercise and Sports Participation in Female Cognition: A Scoping Review : Sports, Fitness, and Cognition.

BACKGROUND: The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognition is thought to be mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Aerobic exercise can increase CRF through various activities, including sports participation. The relationship between these factors in females has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to map the current literature on the effects of aerobic exercise, sports participation, and CRF in healthy adult females, with sub-topics of pregnancy and menstrual cycle periodicity. METHODS: A scoping review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the PCC mnemonic (population, concept, and context). The following five databases were screened: CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. Eligible articles included healthy adult females, investigated aerobic exercise, sports participation or CRF, and linked outcomes to cognition. Data from included manuscripts was extracted and analyzed. Two sub-population groupings (pregnant individuals and menstrual cycle) were established to further aid the interpretation of the findings. RESULTS: Of the 300 titles and abstracts screened, 74 were eligible for full-text screening, and 28 were included in the scoping review. Of the 28 included, 14 did not control for or report on menstrual cycle phase or sex hormones. CONCLUSION: This scoping review found an inverse 'U' relationship between aerobic exercise and cognition, demonstrating an optimal dose of aerobic exercise to benefit cognitive functions. As estrogen may impact the relationship between CRF and neural growth factors, more research is needed on this pathway, independent of the menstrual cycle, to determine potential beneficial effects. It is currently unknown whether sports participation can independently impact cognition.

Impacts of food consumption on biochemical markers and anthropometric variables of women with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of diseases characterized by insulin resistance. MetS has high prevalence among women, which is impacted by food intake. MetS is related to high level of inflammation; however, the impacts of whole diets on biochemical and anthropometrical markers and the effects on MetS need to be further elucidated. In this case, the objective of this study was to assess the relationship between food intake, biochemical and anthropometrical markers in women with MetS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, in which 1 hundred and 22 women participated in the assessment of biochemical (glycated hemoglobin, glycaemia, insulin, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, C-reactive protein) and anthropometrical (body mass, height, waist circumference - WC) variables. Participants also performed blood pressure and 24-hour dietary recall assessments. Out of the 122 participants, 44 (36%, age: 59 ± 11 years) had MetS and were included in the analysis. RESULTS: The consumption of monounsaturated fats had direct relationship with glycaemia (b = 7.48), whereas the consumption of fibers had inverse relationship with body mass (b = - 0.71) and WC (b = - 0.56). CONCLUSION: The intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber was related to higher blood sugar levels and lower body mass and WC, respectively. These relationships elucidate and highlight the significance and importance of adequate diet in women with MetS.

Age and Sex-Related Associations between Marital Status, Physical Activity and TV Time.

Marital status mediates an association between physical activity (PA) and TV time with health outcomes. However, population-based studies have revealed that the health effect of marriage or divorce is age-dependent and differs between women and men. The study aimed to identify the age and sex-related associations between marital status with PA and TV time. We used data from Vigitel, an annual telephone survey started in 2006 in Brazil. We applied a complex sample logistic regression model to estimate the odds for PA and TV time comparing marital statuses according to age and sex subgroups, independent of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, self-assessed poor health, and smoking. Our sample included 561,837 individuals from 18 to 99 years, with a TV time > 3 h/day (prevalence = 25.2%) and PA > 150 min/week (prevalence = 35%). Later, we divided our sample in seven age groups by marital status and sex. Compared to single individuals, married men and women were less likely to watch TV more than 3 h/day in participants >30 years old. When compared to single, married participants were less likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week at younger age groups. Married women older than 40 years were more likely to do more than 150 min of PA/week than the single ones, while there were no differences among married men by age group. In conclusion, our study suggests that the investments in public policies to encourage the practice of PA and reduction of TV time could be based on the marital status, sex, and age, prioritizing less active groups.

Formação em educação física no contexto de saúde pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil / The formation of physical education in public health in the best courses in Brazil

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi revisar projetos pedagógicos (PP) para identificar a formação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) (Bacharelado) no contexto de Saúde Pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil. Foram selecionados os 10 melhores cursos de graduação em EF ranqueados em dois sistemas de avaliações nacionais (Exame Nacional de Desempenho na Educação e Ranking Universitário Folha) e as 10 melhores Universidades num ranking internacional (QS World University Rankings). Mediante revisão rápida foram extraídas informações dos PPs de 18 cursos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Trinta e seis disciplinas no contexto de Saúde Pública foram localizadas nas grades curriculares. Em relação a carga horária média menos de 1% da grade eletiva dos cursos era dedicada a disciplinas sobre Saúde Pública. O estudo revelou um cenário de formação de Bacharéis em EF distante do crescimento que a área demonstrou no campo da Saúde Pública nos últimos anos. É importante que os cursos de graduação em EF considerem uma formação específica no contexto da Saúde Pública, de modo a favorecer a consolidação da atuação do PEF e a qualidade do seu serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to review pedagogical projects (PP) to identify the formation of the Physical Education professionals (PEF) in the context of Public Health in the best courses in Brazil. Methods: The 10 best PE undergraduate courses ranked in two national assessment systems were selected (National Education Performance Examination and Folha University Ranking) and the 10 best Universities in an international ranking (QS World University Rankings). Through a quick review, information was extracted from the PPs of 18 courses that met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six subjects in the context of public health were located in the curricula. Regarding the average workload, less than 1% of the elective course schedule was dedicated to subjects on Public Health. The study revealed a scenario for the formation of Bachelors in PE far from the growth that the area has shown in the field of Public Health in recent years. It is important that PE undergraduate courses consider specific training in the context of Public Health, in order to favor the consolidation of the PEF's performance and the quality of its service in Primary Health Care.

Characterization of Reproductive and Morphological Variables in Female Elite Futsal Players.

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women's Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training (i.e., volume and frequency). Subsequently, anthropometric measurements (i.e., body mass, height, circumferences, diameters, and skinfold thickness) were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics (e.g., somatotype). Fifty-nine (53.2%) players were postmenarche-trained and 52 (46.8%) were premenarche-trained. Eighteen (16.2%), 65 (58.6%), and 28 (25.2%) were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 (9.6%) and 1 (0.9%) had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three (69.5%), 23 (21.9%), and 9 (8.6%) reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as "normal," presented "regular" menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

Associations between strength, flexibility, and painful symptomology in university staff.

BACKGROUND: In the adult population, the work environment and physical fitness levels are directly related to the onset of musculoskeletal pain, repetitive strain injuries, and decreased blood circulation. Although low levels of muscle strength and flexibility may lead to a higher prevalence of pain, specific anatomic regions are poorly addressed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and the association between strength or flexibility and pain in university staff. METHODS: The sample was composed of 110 members of staff from a university in Guarapuava-PR. Body mass and height values were obtained, from which the BMI was calculated. The pain evaluation was performed by means of a questionnaire, analyzing the intensity, frequency, and anatomical region. The subjects were then submitted to strength (right and left hand grip, lumbar traction, lower limb traction) and flexibility tests (sit and reach test). RESULTS: The anatomical region with the highest prevalence of pain was the lumbar region (43.4%). When the association between the presence of pain and flexibility was performed, only the lumbar traction presented significant results, with the weakest group demonstrating pain (OR: 3.47 [1.27 - 9.49]). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that low levels of strength in the lumbar region are associated with the presence of painful symptomatology.

Social-Ecological Correlates of Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity Practice among Adults.

This study calculated the exposure-response rates of social-ecological correlates of practicing regular (>150 min/week) leisure-time physical activity (PA) in 393,648 adults from the 27 Brazilian state capitals who participated in a national survey between 2006 and 2016. Regular PA encouraging factors were inputted into an exposure-response model. Growth rates for the odds ratio and prevalence of regular PA were calculated for each increase of one encouraging factor. Regular PA was reported by 22% of the participants (25% of men and 20% of women). More than 40% of men and 30% of women with higher intra-personal encouraging conditions reported practicing regular PA. There was a 3% (ages 18-32 years) to 5% (ages 46-60 years) increase in regular PA practice in men for each increase in an encouraging climate factor (temperature from 21 °C to 31 °C, humidity from 65% to 85%, 2430 to 3250 h of sun/year, and from 1560 to 1910 mm of rain/year). Encouraging intra-personal factors and favorable climate conditions had larger effects on regular PA practice than the built environment and socio-political conditions; the latter two had independent effects, but did not have a cumulative effect on PA.

Relative age in female futsal athletes: implications on anthropometric profile and starter status / Idade relativa em atletas de futsal feminino: implicações no perfil antropométrico e titularidade / Edad relativa en atletas de futsal femenino: implicaciones en el perfil antropométrico y titularidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evidence suggests that a higher distribution of elite athletes have birth dates in the first few months of the year. However, the advantages of birth month on performance related to starter status, structure and body composition in female futsal (5-a-side football played on a hard court, mainly indoors), are unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of relative age (ERA) on competitive female futsal athletes, and its influence on anthropometric profile and starter status. Methods: One hundred and fifteen athletes, participants in the 20th Brazilian Cup of Adult Futsal Clubs, special division, were submitted to measurements of body mass, height, skinfold thickness, body perimeters and bone diameters, in order to characterize the anthropometric profile and determine the body somatotype. The athletes were distributed in semesters and quartiles of the months of the year, according to their birth dates. Differences in the distribution of expected and observed birth dates were tested using Chi-square tests (χ2). Comparisons between semesters and birth quartiles were performed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: There was no ERA in distribution (p=0.248), anthropometric profile (p=0.872 to 0.912), or starter status between athletes born from January to June (p=0.352) and those born between July and December (p=0.744). On the other hand, those born in the first months of the year showed longer practice times than those born in the latter months of the year. Conclusion: Although the ERA in this study reveals longer practice times favoring female futsal athletes born in the first quartile of the year, it did not influence the starter status, the distribution in the teams, or any advantage in anthropometric profile. Level of evidence III, Case-Control Study.

RESUMO Introdução: Evidências sugerem maior distribuição de atletas de elite com data de nascimento nos primeiros meses do ano. Entretanto, as vantagens que o mês de nascimento exerce no desempenho relacionado à titularidade, estrutura e composição corporal no futsal feminino são desconhecidas. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito da idade relativa (EIR) em atletas de futsal feminino competitivo e sua influência no perfil antropométrico e na titularidade. Métodos: Cento e quinze atletas, participantes da XX Taça Brasil de Clubes de Futsal Feminino Adulto, divisão especial, foram submetidas a medidas de massa corporal, estatura, espessuras de dobras cutâneas, perímetros corporais e diâmetros ósseos, a fim de caracterizar o perfil antropométrico e determinar o somatotipo corporal. As atletas foram distribuídas em semestres e quartis dos meses do ano, de acordo com suas datas de nascimento. Diferenças na distribuição das datas de nascimento esperadas e observadas foram comparadas utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). As comparações entre os semestres e os quartis de nascimento foram realizadas utilizando os testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. Resultados: Não houve EIR na distribuição (p=0,248), no perfil antropométrico (p=0,872 a 0,912) ou na titularidade entre as atletas nascidas de janeiro a junho (p=0,352) e as nascidas entre julho a dezembro (p=0,744). Por outro lado, as atletas nascidas nos primeiros meses do ano demonstraram maior tempo de prática do que as nascidas nos últimos meses do ano. Conclusão: Apesar do EIR neste estudo revelar maior tempo de prática favorecendo atletas de futsal feminino nascidas no primeiro trimestre do ano, não influenciou a condição de titular, a distribuição nas equipes, ou qualquer vantagem no perfil antropométrico. Nível de evidência III, Estudo Caso-Controle.

RESUMEN Introducción: Evidencias sugieren mayor distribución de atletas de élite con fecha de nacimiento en los primeros meses del año. Entretanto, las ventajas que el mes de nacimiento ejerce sobre el desempeño relacionado a la titularidad, estructura y composición corporal en el futsal femenino son desconocidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la edad relativa (EER) en atletas de futsal femenino competitivo y su influencia en el perfil antropométrico y en la titularidad. Métodos: Ciento quince atletas, participantes de la XX Copa Brasil de Clubes de Futsal Femenino Adulto, división especial, fueron sometidas a medición de masa corporal, estatura, espesores de los pliegues cutáneos, perímetros corporales y diámetros óseos, a fin de caracterizar el perfil antropométrico y determinar el somatotipo corporal. Las atletas fueron distribuidas en semestres y cuartiles de los meses del año, de acuerdo con sus fechas de nacimiento. Las diferencias en la distribución de las fechas de nacimiento esperadas y observadas fueron probadas usando el test de chi cuadrado (χ2). Las comparaciones entre los semestres y los cuartiles de nacimiento realizadas usando tests paramétricos y no paramétricos. Resultados: No hubo EER en la distribución (p = 0,248), en el perfil antropométrico (p = 0,872 a 0,912) o en la titularidad entre atletas nacidas de enero a junio (p = 0,352) y las nacidas entre julio a diciembre (p = 0,744). Por otro lado, las atletas nacidas en los primeros meses del año demostraron mayor tiempo de práctica que las nacidas en los últimos meses del año. Conclusión: Aunque el EER en este estudio revela un tiempo de práctica más prolongado que favorece a las atletas de futsal femenino nacidas en el primer trimestre del año, no influyó en la posición inicial, la distribución en los equipos ni ninguna ventaja en el perfil antropométrico. Nivel de evidencia III, Estudio Caso-Control.

Indicadores de força e prática habitual de atividades físicas em agentes universitários / Strength indicators and usual physical activity among university administrative employees

INTRODUÇÃO: O sedentarismo é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento diversas doenças, enquanto o estilo de vida fisicamente ativo e a aptidão física podem atuar na promoção e na manutenção da saúde. OBJETIVO: Verificar o nível de atividade física e compará-lo com indicadores de força muscular e estrutura morfológica em agentes universitários. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 44 agentes universitários, dos quais foram obtidas as medidas de massa corporal (MC) e de estatura, para posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. A análise do nível de atividade física foi realizada pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Em seguida, os agentes universitários foram submetidos a quatro testes de força: preensão manual direita (PMD) e esquerda (PME), tração lombar (TL) e tração de membros inferiores (TMI). A força muscular relativa (%FM) foi estimada pela divisão da força muscular absoluta (FMA=PMD+PME+TL+TMI) pela MC. RESULTADOS: O grupo insuficientemente ativo apresentou significativamente maior MC, maior tempo de comportamento sedentário nos fins de semana e menores indicadores de TL, TMI, FMA e %FM comparado aos fisicamente ativos. CONCLUSÃO: A inatividade física foi associada a menores indicadores de força muscular e maior MC em agentes universitários, sugerindo riscos para a saúde inerentes ao comportamento sedentário.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for several diseases, while physically active lifestyles and physical fitness contribute to the promotion and maintenance of health. OBJECTIVE: To establish the level of physical activity of university administrative employees and investigate its relationship with muscle strength indicators and morphological characteristics. METHODS: The sample comprised 44 university administrative employees. Data on body mass (BM) and height were collected to calculate the body mass index. The participants' level of physical activity was established based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The participants were subjected to four muscle strength tests: right hand grip (RHG), left hand grip (LHG), lumbar traction (LT) and lower limb traction (LLT). Relative muscle strength (%MS) was calculated dividing absolute muscle strength (AMS=RHG+LHG+LT+LLT) by BM. RESULTS: The insufficiently active participants exhibited significant higher BM, lower LT, LLT, AMS and %MS, and spent more time in sedentary activities on weekends. CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity was associated with poorer muscle strength indicators and higher BM among university administrative employees, pointing to harms inherent to sedentary behavior.

Strength indicators and usual physical activity among university administrative employees.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is a risk factor for several diseases, while physically active lifestyles and physical fitness contribute to the promotion and maintenance of health. OBJECTIVE: To establish the level of physical activity of university administrative employees and investigate its relationship with muscle strength indicators and morphological characteristics. METHODS: The sample comprised 44 university administrative employees. Data on body mass (BM) and height were collected to calculate the body mass index. The participants' level of physical activity was established based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The participants were subjected to four muscle strength tests: right hand grip (RHG), left hand grip (LHG), lumbar traction (LT) and lower limb traction (LLT). Relative muscle strength (%MS) was calculated dividing absolute muscle strength (AMS=RHG+LHG+LT+LLT) by BM. RESULTS: The insufficiently active participants exhibited significant higher BM, lower LT, LLT, AMS and %MS, and spent more time in sedentary activities on weekends. CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity was associated with poorer muscle strength indicators and higher BM among university administrative employees, pointing to harms inherent to sedentary behavior.

INTRODUÇÃO: O sedentarismo é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento diversas doenças, enquanto o estilo de vida fisicamente ativo e a aptidão física podem atuar na promoção e na manutenção da saúde. OBJETIVO: Verificar o nível de atividade física e compará-lo com indicadores de força muscular e estrutura morfológica em agentes universitários. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 44 agentes universitários, dos quais foram coletados valores da massa corporal (MC) e de estatura, para posterior cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. A análise do nível de atividade física foi realizada pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Em seguida, os agentes universitários foram submetidos a quatro testes de força: preensão manual direita (PMD) e esquerda (PME), tração lombar (TL) e tração de membros inferiores (TMI). A força muscular relativa (%FM) foi estimada pela divisão da força muscular absoluta (FMA=PMD+PME+TL+TMI) pela MC. RESULTADOS: O grupo insuficientemente ativo apresentou significativamente maior MC, maior tempo de comportamento sedentário nos fins de semana e menores indicadores de TL, TMI, FMA e %FM comparado aos fisicamente ativos. CONCLUSÃO: A inatividade física foi associada a menores indicadores de força muscular e maior MC em agentes universitários, sugerindo riscos para a saúde inerentes ao comportamento sedentário.

Internal mechanical work and maximum subtalar joint pronation in different gradients / Trabalho mecânico interno e máxima pronação subtalar em diferentes gradientes de inclinação / Trabajo mecánico interno y máxima pronación subtalar en diferentes gradientes de inclinación

Abstract Introduction: Some authors have described the importance of physiological intensity in the behavior of the biomechanical aspects of running (for example, subtalar pronation), but the complex relationships between these variables are not yet well understood. Objective: This study investigated the influence of positive gradients on internal mechanical work (Wint) and maximum subtalar pronation at a submaximal running speed. Method: Sixteen male, trained long-distance runners (age: 29 ± 7 yr; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.6 kg), performed four running economy tests (gradients: +1%, +5%, +10% and +15%, respectively) for four minutes at a same submaximal running speed to quantify the maximum values of subtalar pronation and predict the Wint values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's T-test, and one-way repeated-measures (ANOVA) along with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Wint increased according to the gradient (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the maximum values of maximum subtalar pronation corresponding to each gradient. Conclusion: Results show the maximum subtalar pronation during submaximal running depends on the speed rather than intensity of effort.

Resumo Introdução: Autores têm descrito a importância da intensidade fisiológica no comportamento dos aspectos biomecânicos da corrida (por exemplo, a pronação subtalar), mas as complexas relações entre essas variáveis todavia não estão bem compreendidas. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a influência de gradientes de inclinação positivos, a uma mesma velocidade de corrida, no trabalho mecânico interno (Wint) e na máxima pronação subtalar. Método: Dezesseis corredores masculinos, especialistas em longas-distâncias (idade: 29 ± 7 anos; estatura: 1,72 ± 0,07 m; massa corporal: 72,1 ± 10,6 kg) realizaram quatro testes de economia de corrida (gradientes: +1%, +5%, +10% e +15%, respectivamente), de quatro minutos cada, em uma mesma velocidade submáxima de corrida, objetivando quantificar os valores de máxima pronação subtalar e predizer os Wint. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e aplicados os testes T de Students e ANOVA de Medidas Repetidas, todos através do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 20.0. Resultados: O Wint aumentou com o gradiente (p < 0,05). Entretanto, diferenças estatisticamente significativas não foram observadas nos valores de máxima pronação subtalar correspondentes a cada gradiente. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo revelam que a máxima pronação subtalar durante a corrida submáxima é dependente da velocidade em comparação a intensidade de esforço.

Resumen Introducción: Autores tienen descrito la importancia de la intensidad fisiológica en el comportamiento de los aspectos biomecánicos de la carrera (por ejemplo, la pronación subtalar), mas las complejas relaciones entre esas variables todavía no están bien comprendidas. Objetivo: El presente estudio investigó la influencia de gradientes de inclinación positivos, a una misma velocidad de carrera, en el trabajo mecánico interno (Wint) y en la máxima pronación subtalar. Método: Dieciséis corredores masculinos, especialistas en largas-distancias (edad: 29 ± 7 años; estatura: 1,72 ± 0,07 m; masa corporal: 72,1 ± 10,6 kg) realizaron cuatro testes de economía de carrera (gradientes: +1%, +5%, +10% e +15%, respectivamente), de cuatro minutos cada, en una misma velocidad submáxima de carrera, objetivando cuantificar los valores de máxima pronación subtalar y predecir los Wint. Fue realizada la análisis descriptiva y aplicados los testes T de Students y ANOVA de Medidas Repetidas, todos realizados en el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 20.0. Resultados: EL Wint aumentó con el gradiente (p < 0,05). Entretanto, diferencias estadísticamente significativas no fueran observadas en los valores de máxima pronación subtalar correspondientes a cada gradiente. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente estudio revelan que la máxima pronación subtalar durante la carrera submáxima es dependiente de la velocidad en comparación a la intensidad del esfuerzo.

Comparison of metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with and without insulin resistance / Comparação de parâmetros metabólicos em crianças e adolescentes com e sem resistência à insulina

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare the behavior of metabolic parameters, blood pressure, and obesity indicators in children and adolescents with and without insulin resistance. Sixty-one overweight children (6 to 18 years) underwent anthropometric measurements of body mass (BM), height and waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), bioimpedance (relative (%F) and absolute fat (BF)), and blood collection for determination of glucose, insulin, and lipid profile (TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C). The BMI z-score was used to classify nutritional status and the HOMA-IR index (> 2.5) for insulin resistance. Participants were divided into two groups, insulin resistant (IR, n= 27) and non-insulin resistant (NIR, n= 33). Regardless of age, children and adolescents with excess weight and IR presented higher BM, WC, BMI, %F and BF (kg), TG, and plasma insulin than their NIR counterparts, who in turn presented higher LDL-C. The groups did not differ in nutritional status (BMI z-score); however, in the comparison between the undesired proportions of the metabolic components, only three presented alterations with significant differences between the groups (TC, LDL-C, and TG). It is concluded that IR influences the development of dyslipidemias in this age group, especially TG.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o comportamento de parâmetros metabólicos, pressão arterial e indicadores de obesidade em crianças e adolescentes com e sem resistência à insulina. Participaram do estudo 60 crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso (6 a 18 anos)que foram submetidos amedidas antropométricas de massa corporal (MC), estatura ecircunferência da cintura (CC), pressão arterial (PA), bioimpedância[gordura relativa (%G) e absoluta (GC)] e coleta sanguínea para determinação das concentrações de glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico (TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C). O IMC z-scorefoi empregado para classificação do estado nutricional e o índice HOMA-RI (>2,5) para resistência à insulina.Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, resistentes (RI, n=27) e não resistentes à insulina (NRI, n=33).Independente da idade, crianças e adolescentescom excesso de peso e RI, apresentaram maior MC, CC, IMC, %G e GC (kg), TG e insulina plasmática do que contraparesNRI, que por sua vez, apresentaram valores mais elevados de LDL-C. Os grupos não diferiram para oestado nutricional(IMC z-score)porém, na comparação entre as proporções indesejadas dos componentes metabólicos, apenas três apresentaram alterações com diferenças significativas entre os grupos (CT, LDL-C e TG). Conclui-se que a RI apresenta-se com influência para o desenvolvimento de dislipidemias nessa faixa etária em especial o TG.

Relationship of simple reaction time and aerobic and anaerobic capacities with performance of recreational adult orienteers / Relação do tempo de reação simples e das capacidades aeróbica e anaeróbica com o desempenho de adultos recreacionais em Orientação

Abstract This study aimed to examine the effects of Simple Reaction Time (SRT), MaximalOxygen Uptake ( V ? V ? O2max) and Maximal Anaerobic Power (Pmax) on the performance of category A recreational adult orienteers of both sexes. Sixteen subjects (8 men and 8 women; age: 30 ± 4 and 27 ± 5 years; body mass 78.8 ± 5.9 and 69.2 ± 10.4 kg; SRT: 1.391 ± 0.19 and 1.317 ± 0.25 ms; V ? V ? O2max: 67.4 ± 3.22 and 48.5 ± 8.28 ml.kg-1.min-1; Pmax: 675.0 ± 149.6 and 458.4 ± 88.62 W), were submitted to three evaluation sessions: sample characterization (1st session); SRT - Reaction Time Task v.2.0, V ? V ? O2max, and Pmax - Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (2nd session); official Orienteering test (3rd session). Results of comparison (Student's T-test) and relation (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression) tests showed significant relationships between independent variables and performance. Pmax presented strong predictive power in the male group (41%), followed by SRT (32%) and V ? V ? O2max (27%). In the female group, SRT was the most predictive variable (54%), followed by V ? V ? O2max (32%) and Pmax (12%). These findings indicated that SRT, V ? V ? O2max, and Pmax are variables predictive of performance in recreational category A orienteers. Specifically in recreational orienteers with high cardiorespiratory capacities, Pmax seems to be the mainpredictor variable. Conversely, SRT becomes the variable with the greatest predictive power.

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar as relações do Tempo de Reação Simples (TRS), do Consumo Máximo de Oxigênio ( V ? V ? O2max) e da Potência Máxima Anaeróbica (Pmáx) no desempenho de homens e mulheres, adultos da categoria A, praticantes recreacionais de Orientação. Dezesseis sujeitos (8 homens e 8 mulheres; idade: 30 ± 4 e 27 ± 5 anos; massa corporal 78,8 ± 5,9 e 69,2 ± 10,4 kg; TRS: 1,391 ± 0,19 e 1,317 ± 0,25 ms; V ? V ? O2max: 67,4 ± 3,22 e 48,5 ± 8,28 ml.kg-1.min-1; Pmáx: 675,0± 149,6 e 458,4 ± 88,62 W), foram submetidos a três sessões de avaliação: caracterização amostral (1a sessão); mensurações do TRS - Reaction Time Task v.2.0, do V ? V ? O2max e da Pmáx - Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (2a sessão); prova de Orientação (3a sessão). Os resultados de comparação (teste T de Students) e de relação (Correlação Linear Produto-Momento de Pearson e Regressão Linear Múltipla) demonstraram relações estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis independentes e o desempenho. A Pmáx apresentou forte poder de predição no grupo masculino (41%), seguida do TRS (32%) e do V ? V ? O2max (27%). No grupo feminino, o TRS foi a variável mais preditora (54%), seguida do V ? V ? O2max (32%) e da Pmáx (12%). Pode-se concluir que o TRS, o V ? V ? O2max e a Pmáx são variáveis preditoras do desempenho em adultos praticantes recreacionais de Orientação da categoria A. Especificamente, em sujeitos com maiores capacidades cardiorrespiratórias, a Pmáxparece ser a principal variável preditora. Em contrapartida, o TRS passa a ser a variável com maiorpoder de predição

Comparison between two generations to verify the morphological changes in female futsal athletes in a period of 10 years / Comparação entre duas gerações para verificar as alterações morfológicas em atletas de futsal feminino em um período de 10 anos

Abstract The aim was to compare two generations to verify the morphological changes in female futsal athletes. Age, years of playing, anthropometry measurements, percentage body fat and somatotype were compared between professional athletes in 2001 (n=112) and 2011 (n=115). The 2011 group revealed a significant longer practice time (9.0±4.3 vs. 5.7±3.5 years; p<0.001), higher thigh skinfold (26.1±8.5 vs. 22.5±6.7 mm; p<0.001), circumference of tensed forearm (27.4±2.1 vs. 26.7±2.1 cm; p=0.007), mesomorphy (4.1 vs. 3.3; p=0.001) and lower supraspinale skinfold (14.0±5.0 vs. 19.1±7.4 mm; p<0.001), trunk/extremity relationship (0.8±0.3 vs. 1.1±0.1; p<0.001) and endomorphy (4.5 vs. 5.0; p=0.009) than those of the 2001 athletes. Comparison in playing positions revealed that the 2011 goalkeepers (9.5±5.0 vs. 6.3±3.4 years; p=0.027), wings (9.0±4.3 vs. 5.4±3.2 years; p=0.001) and fixed (8.4±4.3 vs. 6.9±4.5 years; p=0.001) practiced more time than the 2001 athletes, whereas the somatotype profile of goalkeepers (4.6±1.0 vs. 3.4±1.1; p=0.001), wings (3.9±0.8 vs. 3.0±0.9; p=0.001), pivots (3.8±1.0 vs. 3.4±1.0; p=0.028) and fixed (4.3±0.9 vs. 3.7±1.0; p=0.036) registered a higher mesomorphy rate than that of the 2001 athletes, respectively. We may conclude that the 2011 group showed a significant increase in practicing time, coupled to higher mesomorphy and lower endomorphy rates than those experienced by the 2001 athletes.

Resumo O objetivo foi comparar duas gerações para verificar as alterações morfológicas em atletas de futsal feminino. Idade, tempo de treino, medidas antropométricas, percentual de gordura e somatotipo foram comparadas entre atletas profissionais de 2001 (n=112) e 2011 (n=115). A geração de 2011 demonstrou significativamente maior tempo de prática (9,0±4,3 vs 5,7±3,5 anos; p<0,001), espessura da dobra cutânea da coxa (26,1±8,5 vs 22,5±6,7 mm; p<0,001), circunferência de braço contraído (27,4±2,1 vs 26,7±2,1 cm; p=0,007), mesomorfia (4,1 vs 3,3; p=0,001) e menor espessura da dobra cutânea supraespinhal (14,0±5,0 vs 19,1± 7,4mm; p<0,001), relação tronco/extremidade (0,8±0,3 vs 1,1±0,1; p<0,001) e endomorfia (4,5 vs 5,0; p=0,009) do que as atletas de 2001. A comparação de acordo com a posição em quadra revelou que as goleiras (9,5±5,0 vs 6,3±3,4 anos; p=0,027) alas (9,0±4,3 vs 5,4±3,2 anos; p=0,001) e fixos (8,4±4,3 vs 6,9±4,5 anos; p=0,001) de 2011, apresentaram maior tempo de prática do que as atletas de 2001, enquanto o perfil somatotipológico das goleiras (4,6±1,0 vs 3,4±1,1; p=0,001), alas (3,9±0,8 vs 3,0±0,9; p=0,001), pivôs (3,8±1,0 vs 3,4±1,0; p=0,028) e fixos (4,3±0,9 vs 3,7±1,0; p=0,036) apresentou maior mesomorfia do que as atletas de 2001, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o grupo de 2011 demonstrou maior tempo de prática e taxas de mesomorfia, além de menor endomorfia comparado às atletas de 2001.

Physical education in Primary Health Care: reports on interactive actions in an undergraduate course / Educação física na atenção primária à saúde: relatos de ações interativas em disciplina de graduação

The objective this study was to describe experiences that reflect interactive actions in the program content of the Physical Education and Primary Health Care (PHC) course in the undergraduate (bachelor) degree in Physical Education at the Midwestern Parana State University (UNICENTRO). Activities that aimed to promote students' understanding of the area and of their role in the health care team through interactions with other professors and professionals from the multidisciplinary residency with emphasis in family health for professionals of Physical Education, Nutrition, Nursing and Physical Therapy are described. The highlighted activities include a review of the legislation supporting the inclusion of the Physical Education professional in the PHC as well as documentaries based on previous reports from a professor in the area. Moreover, studies regarding the skills of the Physical Education professional in Primary Health Care, a comparison between the reality of Primary Health Care in Canada and the PHC, and the interventions developed by the multidisciplinary residents representing Physical Education. We hope this experience report facilitates continuous discussion about the teaching-learning process in the field of Physical Education and public/collective health, mainly in the field of Primary Health Care

O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar experiências que refletem ações interativas no conteúdo programático da disciplina "Educação física na atenção primária à saúde" do curso de bacharelado em Educação Física da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO). São descritas atividades que conduziram acadêmicos a aprofundar-se na área e perceber seu papel na equipe de saúde através de interações com outros docentes e alunos da residência multiprofissional com ênfase em saúde da família para profissionais de Edu-cação Física, Nutrição, Enfermagem e Fisioterapia. Entre as atividades estão o entendimento da legislação respaldando a inserção da Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), os documentários baseados em relato de experiência de professor da área, os estudos das competências do profissional de Educação Física na atenção primária à saúde, as comparações com a realidade da atenção primária à saúde no Canadá e as intervenções desenvolvidas pelos residentes de Educação Física na residência multiprofissional. Espera-se que esse relato propicie discussão continuada sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem na área de Educação Física e saúde pública/coletiva, sobretudo na atenção primária à saúde.

Associação entre força muscular relativa e indicadores de obesidade em professores universitários / Association between relative muscle strength and indicators of obesity in university professors

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre a força muscular relativa e os indicadores de obesidade em professores universitários. 71 docentes (37 homens e 34 mulheres) foram submetidos à medida da circunferência da cintura (CC) e ao teste de preensão manual. A partir da massa corporal (MC) e da estatura calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). A força muscular relativa (% FM) foi determi nada mediante razão dos valores da média de preensão manual direita e esquerda pela MC. Com base nos valores de % FM a amostra foi estratificada em tercis de acordo com o gênero para efeito de comparação da MC, IMC e CC utilizando o teste de Kruskal Wallis. Para identificar a diferença entre dois grupos utilizou-se a Mann- Whitney e para correlação usou-se o coeficiente de Spearman. Os homens do 3° tercil apresentaram valores significativamente menores nos indicadores de obesidade quando comparados ao 1° e 2° tercil. Não houve diferença significativa para as mulheres nos indicadores de obesidade embora os valores encontrados tenham sido menores com o aumento do nível de força. Foram observadas correlações inversas para MC, IMC e CC em ambos os gêneros. O desempenho de força muscular palmar sugere maior importância na prevenção de obesidade entre os professores do que entre as professoras.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to verify the association between relative muscular strength and indicators of obesity in university professors. 71 teachers (37 men and 34 women) were submitted to measurement of waist circumference (WC) and the handgrip test. Based on body mass (BM) and height was calculated Body Mass Index (BMI). Relative muscle strength (% FM) was determined by ratio of the averaged val ues of right and left handgrip by MC. Based on the values of the % FM, the sample was stratified into tertiles according to gender for comparison of MC, BMI and WC using the Kruskal-Wallis test; to identify the difference between two groups was used the Mann- Whitney test and for correlation was used the Spearman coefficient. Men of the 3rd tertile showed lower values significantly on indicators of obesity when compared to the 1st and 2nd tertile. There was no difference for women in obesity indicators, although the values found were lower with increasing level strength. The inverse correlations were observed for MC, BMI and WC in both genders. The performance of strength palmar prehension suggests higher importance in the pre vention of obesity between men than women professors.

Morphological profile of athlete starters and nonstarters of feminine futsal / Perfil morfológico de atletas titulares e reservas de futsal feminino

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to compare the morphological characteristics of female futsal athlete starters and nonstarters. The study included 115 athletes, 60 starters and 55 nonstarters, belonging to 10 teams that competed in the XX Brazilian Cup of Clubs, special division. Anthropometric measurements were obtained with the purpose of characterizing and determining body somatotype. The analyzes were performed with the aid of a commercial statistical package (SPSS version 18.0), adopting a significance level of p< 0.05. The results showed that the athlete starters were older (p=0.024), had a longer practice time (p=0.019), and lower fat percentage (p=0.047) and femur diameter (p=0.048) than the nonstarters, however, the last two variables lost significance after adjustment for practice time. Nevertheless, they presented a similar somatotypological classification (mesomorph-endomorph). Considering that body composition and sports experience are attributes associated with performance, the observed differences between the athlete starters and nonstarters could contribute to the decision making of coaches in the formation of the titular team in women's futsal matches.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as características morfológicas de atletas de futsal feminino titulares e reservas de alto nível competitivo. Participaram 115 atletas, 60 titulares e 55 reservas pertencentes a 10 equipes que disputaram da XX Taça Brasil de Clubes, divisão especial. Medidas antropométricas foram obtidas com a finalidade de caracterizar e determinar o somatotipo corporal. As análises foram realizadas com auxílio de um pacote estatístico comercial (SPSS versão 18.0) adotando como nível de significância p<0,05. Os resultados revelaram que as atletas titulares são mais velhas (p=0,024), possuem maior tempo de prática (p=0,019), menor percentual de gordura (p=0,047) e diâmetro do fêmur (p=048) do que as reservas, porém, as duas últimas perdem a significância ao serem ajustadas pelo tempo de prática. As atletas apresentaram semelhante classificação somatotipológica (mesomorfo-endomorfo). Considerando que a composição corporal e a experiência esportiva são atributos associados ao desempenho, as diferenças observadas entre as atletas titulares e reservas podem contribuir para a tomada de decisão do treinador na formação da equipe titular em jogos de futsal feminino.

Intensidade de esforço percebido em diferentes exercícios aplicados com idosas em unidades básicas de saúde / Rating of perceived exertion in different exercises applied with elderly in basic health units

Introdução: A Educação Física vem demonstrando crescente participação e destaque na saúde pública brasileira. Objetivo: Investigar a percepção da intensidade esforço (PSE) e a quantidade de exercícios físicos aeróbios e neuromusculares por mulheres adultas e idosas em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) um município sul-brasileiro. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 88 mulheres, maioria idosas (66,5±4,9 anos). A PSE e quantidade de passos foram determinados escala de Borg e Pedômetros, respectivamente. As variáveis monitoradas durante 68 sessões de exercícios físicos, das quais 38 de neuromusculares e 30 de exercícios aeróbios. Resultados: As sessões exercícios aeróbios apresentaram valores significativamente mais elevados a PSE (12,6±1,5 versus 12,2±1,5) e para a quantidade de passos (2103,6±964,0 805,4±458,7 p/sessão) do que as sessões de exercícios neuromusculares. : Ambas as modalidades de exercício devem contribuir para um aumento atividade física diária das participantes. A diferença observada para a PSE é discreta e corrobora com as recomendações para essa população.

Introduction: Physical Education have an increased participation and highlighting in Brazilian public health. Objective: To quantify the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and amount of aerobic and neuromuscular exercises applied in a basic unit of health in adult and elderly women in basic health units in a southern Brazilian city. Methods: Eighty-eight women took part in the study, mostly elderly (66.5±4.9 years). The RPE and amount of steps were monitored in 68 exercise sessions, with 38 neuromuscular sessions and 30 aerobic sessions. Results: The aerobic sessions presented slightly higher RPE than the neuromuscular session (12.6±1.5 versus 12.2±1.5) and the amount of steps (2103.6±964.0 versus 805.4±458.7 p/session) were higher in the aerobic session as well. Conclusion: Both exercise modes should contribute to improve daily physical activity of the participants. The difference observed in RPE is minimal and corroborate the recommendations for this population.

Morphological characteristics, muscle strength, and anaerobic power performance of wheelchair basketball players / Características morfológicas, desempenho de força e de potência anaeróbia em jogadores de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas

Abstract The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of the morphological structure, muscle strength, and anaerobic power performance of the upper limbs of wheelchair basketball athletes. Eleven male players (33.2 ± 10.6 years, 71.8 ± 15.8 kg) were submitted to anthropometric measurements and dynamometry (kg), medicine ball throwing (m) and wingate arm tests (W). The results showed sitting height (79.7 ± 4.6 cm), relative body fat (20.7 ± 7.6%), handgrip strength and explosive muscle strength (50.1 ± 10.6 kg and 3.9 ± 1.1 m, respectively), as well as peak power (316.8 ± 126.2 W), mean power (160.5 ± 76.5 W) and fatigue index (50.4%) lower than the performance of other wheelchair basketball athletes. The morphological characteristics and performance of athletes in the present study suggest disadvantages when compared to other wheelchair basketball athletes.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi o de fornecer uma análise descritiva da estrutura morfológica, do desempenho de força e de potência anaeróbica de membros superiores de atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas. Onze jogadores do sexo masculino (33,2 ± 10,6 anos; 71,8 ± 15,8 kg) foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas e a testes de dinamometria (kg), lançamento de medicine ball (m) e de wingate de braços (W). Os resultados revelaram altura tronco-cefálica (79,7 ± 4,6 cm), percentual de gordura (20,7 ± 7,6%), força de preensão manual e de lançamento (50,1 ± 10,6 kg e 3,9 ± 1,1 m, respectivamente), além de potência pico (316,8 ± 126,2 W), potência média (160,5 ± 76,5 W) e índice de fadiga (50,4%) inferiores ao desempenho de outros atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas. As características morfológicas e desempenho dos atletas do presente estudo sugerem desvantagens quando são comparados a outros atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas.

Composição corporal e perfil somatotípico de atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de 5 / Body composition and somatotype of athletes of Brazilian 5-a-side football team / Composición corporal y somatotipo de los atletas de la selección brasileña de fútbol 5

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o perfil somatotípico e a composição corporal de atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de 5. Participaram 23 atletas do sexo masculino. Todos foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica e em seguida foram feitos os cálculos de índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), somatório de pregas cutâneas (Σ9DC) e somatotipo. Observou-se que apenas os goleiros apresentaram diferença significativa (p ≤ 0,05) nas variáveis de IMC, %GC e Σ9DC em relação às outras posições. Os goleiros apresentaram perfil endomorfo-mesomorfo, os fixos mesomorfo-equilibrado e os alas e pivôs, endo-mesomorfo. Concluímos que os goleiros apresentam diferença significativa de %GC quando comparados com as outras posições e apresentaram diferenças somatotipológicas significativas em relação às outras posições. O mesmo foi observado na posição fixo quando comparados com os pivôs.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the profiles somatotype and body composition of athletes of Brazilian 5-a-side football team. This study involved 23 male athletes. Were all submitted to anthropometric measurements and then were carried the calculations of body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), Skinfolds sum (Σ9DC) and somatotype. It was observed that goalkeepers differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in body mass, BF% and Σ9DC for other positions. The goalkeepers showed profile endomorph-mesomorph, the defender mesomorph- balanced, while the winger and pivot, endo-mesomorph. Concluded that the goalkeepers were significant differences in BF% when compared to other positions and showed significant differences in somatotype compared to other positions, the same was observed in defenders when compared with pivots.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los perfiles somatotípicos y la composición corporal de los atletas de la selección brasileña de fútbol 5. Participaron en el estudio 23 atletas masculinos. Todos pasaron mediciones antropométricas y después se realizaron los cálculos del índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), la suma de pliegues cutáneos (Σ9DC) y somatotipo. Los porteros difieren (p ≤ 0,05) en la MC, %BF y Σ9DC con relación a otras posiciones. Los porteros mostraron perfil mesomorfo-endomorfo, los defensas mostraron un perfil mesomorfo-equilibrado y laterales y pivotes, endomorfo-mesomorfo. Llegamos a la conclusión de que en los porteros se encontraron diferencias significativas en el %GC en comparación con otras posiciones y mostraron diferencias significativas en el somatotipo de otras posiciones. Lo mismo se observó en una posición fija en comparación con los pivotes.