RESUMEN
Introduction: Tracheostomy is one of the most common surgical strategies in intensive care units (ICU) and provides relevant clinical benefit for multiple indications. However, the complications associated with its use range from 5 to 40% according to different series. The risk of these complications could be reduced if fixation strategies and alignment of the tracheostomy tube with respect to the tracheal axis are improved. Aim: To build a functional device of technological innovation in respiratory medicine for the fixation and alignment of tracheostomy cannula (acronym DYNAtraq) and to evaluate its feasibility and safety in a pilot study in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Study carried out in four phases: (1) design engineering and functional prototyping of the device; (2) study of cytotoxicity and tolerance to the force of traction and push; (3) pilot study of feasibility and safety of its use in tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated patients; and (4) health workers satisfaction study. Results: The design of the innovative DYNAtraq device included, on the one hand, a connector with very little additional dead space to be inserted between the cannula and the ventilation tubes, and, on the other hand, a shaft with two supports for adhesion to the skin of the thorax with very high tolerance (several kilograms) to pull and push. In patients, the device corrected the malpositioned tracheostomy tubes for the latero-lateral (p < 0.001) and cephalo-caudal angles (p < 0.001). Its effect was maintained throughout the follow-up time (p < 0.001). The use of DYNAtraq did not induce serious adverse events and showed a 70% protective effect for complications (RR = 0.3, p < 0.001) in patients. Conclusion: DYNAtraq is a new device for respiratory medicine that allows the stabilization, alignment and fixation of tracheostomy tubes in mechanically ventilated patients. Its use provides additional benefits to traditional forms of support as it corrects misalignment and increases tolerance to habitual or forced movements. DYNAtraq is a safe element and can reduce the complications of tracheostomy tubes.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: En los últimos años se han realizado avances importantes en el manejo del síndrome coronario agudo, lo cual se ha traducido en una disminución de la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la implementación de una ruta crítica para el manejo de los síndromes coronarios agudos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital San José de Bogotá, entre el 1 de marzo de 2012 y el 28 de febrero de 2013. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo. La ruta crítica fue estructurada mediante el consenso de los servicios de Medicina Interna, Urgencias y Cardiología, para ser aplicada en las primeras 24 horas del tratamiento del paciente con síndrome coronario agudo definitivo. Resultados Se reclutaron 156 pacientes, de los cuales 25 correspondieron a síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del ST y 131 a síndrome sin elevación del ST. De los síndromes coronarios agudos con elevación del ST el 96% fue sometido a alguna estrategia de reperfusión; 2 (9,5%) pacientes fallecieron. En cuanto al síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST, 33 (25,1%) pacientes presentaron infarto, 98 (74,9%) angina inestable, y 4 (3,2%) fallecieron. El uso de aspirina, betabloqueador, estatina e inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II durante las primeras 24 horas fue superior al 90% en toda la muestra. Conclusiones: Se alcanzó un nivel superior de cumplimiento de las medidas de desempeño de la atención de los síndromes coronarios agudos después de la implementación de una ruta crítica.
Background: In recent years there have been important advances in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) management, which translates into a drop in mortality in this group of patients. Objective: To describe the results of the implementation of a critical path for the management of ACS, at the emergency service of the Hospital San José in Bogotá, between March 1st, 2012 and February 28th, 2013. Methods: A prospective descriptive observational study was carried out. The critical pathway was structured upon consensus among the services of internal medicine, emergency, and cardiology. This pathway was structured to be applied within the first 24 hours of the patient's treatment with the final ACS. Results: 156 patients were selected, 25 had ST segment elevation ACS and 131 had ACS non-ST segment elevation. 96% of ST segment elevation ACS underwent some reperfusion strategy, 2 (9.5%) patients died. As far as non-ST segment elevation ACS patients are concerned, 33 (25.1%) patients exhibited infarction and 98 (74.9%) unstable angina, with a mortality of 4 (3.2%) patients. The use of aspirin, betablockers, statin, and ACEI or ARA II during the first 24 hours was above 90% in the totality of the sample. Conclusions: It is demonstrated that a higher level of fulfillment is achieved for the performance measures for ACS care upon a critical pathway implementation.
