Effectiveness of Teaching with Visualisation Table in Comparison to Traditional Lecture in Anatomy Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of Sectra visualisation table (SVT) in a public sector setup and to compare the traditional (TRAD) lecture with SVT-aided teaching in terms of learning outcomes and students' perception regarding SVT. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Jinnah Sindh Medical University, from October to November 2018. METHODOLOGY: Entire batch of BDS (Bachelors of Dental Surgery) i.e. 50 students were randomly distributed in TRAD and SVT groups, both were exposed to 3 sessions of 1-hour duration. TRAD group attended lecture sessions; whereas SVT group were exposed to SVT-aided teaching. Test was conducted at the end of each session. To compare the scores, independent sample t test was done. Percentages of feedback of SVT group was obtained on Microsoft excel. VAK questionnaire was used to identify learning styles of SVT group, and its association with their performance was obtained by chi square test. RESULTS: Scores of MCQs test between the groups showed non-significant difference (p = 0.24). Positive feedback was obtained in favour of SVT. Students of SVT group exposed to visual style of learning performed better. CONCLUSION: SVT cannot totally replace traditional lecture, although it is a promising tool which can be introduced in the curriculum to enrich the learning experience of students. Key Words: Traditional method, Sectra visualisation table, MCQs test, Feedback, Learning style.

To evaluate the role of diclofenac sodium on renal parenchyma of young albino rats.

To study the effects of commonly used non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium on the kidneys of young albino rats after therapeutic dose. Early clinical and pharmacological studied of oral and parental forms of diclofenac sodium began shortly after the drug was discovered. However there is scanty information about the toxicities of normal dose of diclofenac in young albino rats. The present study is therefore designed to observe the gross and microscopic changes in kidney following administration of this drug in young albino rats. For this experimental study 16 albino rats were used; they were divided into two groups, each comprising of 8 animals. Group-1 received normal saline 10ml/kg body weight while group-2 received diclofenac sodium 2mg/kg body weight for two weeks. Micrometry was done on kidney tissue for proximal and distal tubular count, their diameter and the no of cells in these tubules. Highly significant changes were observed both in proximal and distal tubules of kidney. Even in therapeutic doses, Diclofenac Sodium causes damage to kidney tubules in young albino rats.

Adverse effects of diclofenac sodium on renal parenchyma of adult albino rats.

OBJECTIVE: To see the toxic effects of NSAID on kidney tissue of albino rats. METHODS: For this experimental study, 16 albino rats were taken. They were divided into two groups; A and B. The animals in group-A were given Normal Saline. Group-B received Diclofenac Sodium 2 mg/kg/day by feeding tube for 14 days. On day-15 all animals were sacrificed. Kidneys were removed, fixed, embedded in paraffin, section cut at 4 microm thick and stained with H&E, PAS, and silver methenamine. Renal histology was done under light microscope to see the renal tubular diameter, count and cellular detail. RESULTS: The result of present study revealed that diclofenac sodium in single daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of two weeks effectively produced destruction of proximal and distal convoluted tubules in adult albino rats showing the dilatation of tubule and flattening of tubular epithelium, disruption of brush border in proximal tubule and thickening of basement membrane around proximal and distal tubular epithelium. CONCLUSION: Diclofenac sodium induced nephrotoxicity causes the destruction of proximal and distal convoluted tubules showing the dilatation of tubule and flattening of its epithelium in albino rats.