Maternal misperception of under-five children weight status and associated factors: A cross-sectional study.

Maternal perceptions, about the nutritional status of their children, may have implications for timely health care seeking and feeding behaviour. Shreds of evidence are limited in this area that assessed maternal perception about the nutritional status of the children in the context of Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to assess the differences in mothers' perceptions about their children's nutritional status who are less than 5 years of age and their associated factors in the context of urban slum areas. A cross-sectional study (Quantitative approach) was conducted in two of the largest urban slums of Dhaka city. A total of 437 mother-children dyads were included in the final analysis. The outcome of interest was the mother's 'varied perceptions' regarding the nutritional status of their children under five. 'Varied perception' refers to the difference between a mother's subjective assessment of her child's nutritional condition and the anthropometrically measured nutritional status. The prevalence of mother's varied perceptions was around 46%, and among them, 37% of mothers underestimated and 9% overestimated their child's nutritional status. 'The child doesn't want to eat' (AOR = 3.69; 95% CI: 2.34-5.85; p < 0.001) and 'Feels light when carried' (AOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.69-6.81; p = 0.001) were the significant reasons behind the mother's perception about the nutritional status of their under-five children. About one in two mothers' perceptions about their children varied from the anthropometry-derived status. Various research findings indicate that providing health education on proper feeding practices for children, along with anthropometric measurements, can assist mothers in enhancing their understanding and assessing their child's nutritional status with greater accuracy. Further qualitative research may be instrumental in getting deeper insights into maternal perception to develop context-specific interventions.

The effect of antibiotic usage on resistance in humans and food-producing animals: a longitudinal, One Health analysis using European data.

This paper estimates the effect of antibiotic usage in humans and food-producing animals on the prevalence of resistance in zoonotic bacteria in both humans and animals. Using comprehensive longitudinal data from annual surveillance reports on resistance and usage in Europe, we find that antibiotic usage in food-producing animals and antibiotic usage in humans are independently and causally related to the prevalence of resistance in both humans and animals. The study considers simultaneous and total usage of antibiotics in humans and food-producing animals to identify the marginal effects and joint effects of usage on resistance of both groups. By employing lagged-dependent variable and fixed-effects specifications, we provide a lower and an upper bound on the effects on resistance. The paper also contributes to the scant literature on how antibiotic use in humans is related to resistance in other animals.

Persistence of resistance: a panel data analysis of the effect of antibiotic usage on the prevalence of resistance.

The use of antibiotics promotes the emergence of resistant bacteria in the patient and the environment. The extent of this well-documented biological relationship is, however, not well characterized at an ecological level. To make good policy around antibiotic use, it is important to understand the empirical connection between usage and resistance. We provide a consistent approach to estimate this relationship using national-level surveillance data. This paper estimates the effect of antibiotic usage on antibiotic resistance using an 11-year panel of data on both usage and resistance for 26 antibiotic-bacteria combinations in 26 European countries. Using distributed-lag models and event-study specifications, we provide estimates of the rate at which increases in antibiotic usage at the national level affect antibiotic resistance nationally and internationally. We also calculate the persistence of resistance and analyze how resistance behaves asymmetrically with respect to increases and decreases in usage. Our analysis finds the prevalence of resistant bacteria increases immediately after usage and continues to increase for at least 4 years after usage. We show that a decrease in usage has little identifiable impact on resistance over the same period. Usage in neighboring countries increases resistance in a country, independent of usage in that country. Trends in usage-related resistance vary across European regions and across bacterial classifications.

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder.

"Severe domestic squalor" or Diogenes syndrome is characterised by extreme self-neglect of environment, health, and hygiene, excessive hoarding, squalor, social withdrawal, and a distinct lack of concern or shame regarding one's living condition. This report presents a case of a 51-year-old male admitted to the hospital psychiatric ward following the police removing him from his home. Police officers attended the man's home following the alarm being raised by his stepfather that he had not been seen or heard from in 3 weeks. His home was covered in several feet of rubbish, rotting food, and debris and smelled intensely of rotting mould, urine, and faeces. He was found lying nude on top of garbage with a rug over him. Diogenes syndrome is highly comorbid with psychiatric and somatic disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorder, and stress. This case report provides a rare opportunity to better understand the distinction of Diogenes syndrome from the closely related condition hoarding disorder. Furthermore, creating an agreed-upon constellation of symptoms representative of Diogenes is essential to creating a formal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) entry, which would facilitate the much-needed development of assessment measures to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Market concentration of new antibiotic sales.

We calculate the average sales of new antibiotics during their first 8 years on the market. The discounted net present value is only $240 m in total per antibiotic, well below costs of supplying these products. The reliance on the US for sales is striking: the US market accounts for 84% of sales during the first 8 years. These facts clarify the need for additional revenues, especially from other countries, to support incentives for the development of new antibiotics. Market entry rewards may be of particular value.

Analysis of the Experience-Based Design Feedback Data on a National Scale.

The United Kingdom Office of National Statistics population estimates that 10 million people are aged 65 years and older, of which some would be considered frail. This is conceptualized as a complex progressive loss of physiological and social function. In order to establish and evaluate appropriate services, feedback tools designed for this patient group have begun to take greater importance, which the Acute Frailty Network has been developing using experience-based design. These tools focus on the experience of frail patients in the settings of accident and emergency and the acute medical unit. An analysis of data from 12 hospitals was used to look at the common emotions and comments expressed at the key touchpoints. A total of 609 respondents were used in the analysis, revealing that patients expressed mostly positive experiences. The areas with the most negative emotions and comments were in the domains "being admitted," "first assessment," and "preparing to leave hospital." We would recommend that future quality improvement projects focus in improving the communication standards around the admission and discharge process.