Investigating the Relationship between the Attitude Towards Infertility and Stress Coping Strategies among Couples undergoing Assisted Reproduction Treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Infertility and its treatment methods among couples have psychological and social consequences. To encounter these consequences, coping strategies are commonly used, which are influenced by various factors, such as the attitude of couples toward infertility. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship between attitudes toward infertility and stress-coping strategies among couples undergoing Assisted Reproduction Treatment, referring to the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Educational Center. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 153 couples referred to Al-Zahra Infertility Clinic in Rasht. Three instruments (demographic questionnaire, attitude, and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire) were used with regard to the inclusion restrictions. RESULTS: Between the two variables of individual and social information factors and the attitude of couples toward infertility, only the duration of infertility factor revealed a significant relationship (p <0.05); and in explaining the relationship between individual and social variables and coping strategies, the lack of insurance in both genders with an emotion-oriented strategy, the female infertility factor in women with the confrontational adjustment domain, and treatment in a discontinuous way in both genders have a significant relationship with the problem-oriented domain (p <0.05). Accountability and problem-solving strategies in women and an escapeavoidance strategy in infertile men have been identified as the most important predictors of attitude toward infertility. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between attitudes toward infertility and coping strategies. However, the impact of community culture on the type of coping strategies used in this study has led to different results in some cases from other studies.

The effect of date fruit consumption on early postpartum hemorrhage: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, and iron deficiency are important health problems. Using safe, cheap, and available methods to reduce the amount of hemorrhage after childbirth can be effective for the mother's health during this period. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of date fruit consumption on the amount of hemorrhage after natural childbirth. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 98 women referred to the maternity ward of Al-Zahra Hospital in Rasht using the available sampling method. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, measured using the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBLAC). Two hours after delivery, 100 g of date fruits were given to the intervention group, and the amount of hemorrhage was recorded during the first 24 h. Comparison between the two groups was done with the Mann-Whitney test with the Hodges-Lehmann estimator and corresponding exact conditional nonparametric confidence interval (CI) as effect estimate. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The median of postpartum hemorrhage after normal delivery in the date and control groups was 35.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 22.0 to 39.8] and 39.0 [IQR: 27.5 to 64.5], respectively. Using the Hodges-Lehmann estimator, on average, the median postpartum hemorrhage in the date group was 9.0 (95% CI: 2.00-18.0) units lower than the control group (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Consumption of dates effectively reduces the amount of hemorrhage after natural childbirth; thus, consuming this fruit during postpartum period is recommended. Also to confirm the findings, it is recommended to conduct similar studies in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; https://www.irct.ir/trial/59197 (IRCT20210607051505N2) on 31/10/2021.

Factors Associated With Domestic Violence Against Peri- and Postmenopausal Women.

The goal of the study was to determine factors associated with domestic violence in menopausal women. This was a cross-sectional study that 350 menopausal women participated. Data gathering used a World Health Organization's violence against women instrument. Emotional violence was recognized as one of the most experienced types of domestic violence (48%). According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the status of exposure to sexual violence (before marriage) and the partner's substance abuse was the most robust risk factors for domestic violence, while factors such as employment of women and satisfaction of income were protective against domestic violence. This study has highlighted the factors associated with domestic violence that health program managers need to address.

Health care providers' responses to sexually abused children and adolescents: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Sexual abuse of children and adolescents is a significant health concern worldwide. Appropriate and timely health services for victims can prevent severe and long-term consequences. This study identified and categorized diagnostic and treatment services needed for sexually abused children and adolescents. METHODS: Several databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar, were searched to retrieve studies on the topic and clinical guidelines in English covering the literature from 2010 to 2020 using search terms. Primary studies and guidelines were reviewed to identify treatment strategies and medical interventions related to sexually abused children and adolescents. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies and guidelines were selected and analyzed narratively. The quality of evidence was relatively good. We identified that effective health care systems for sexually abused children include the following: interview and obtain medical history, physical and anogenital examination, collecting forensic and DNA evidence, documenting all the findings, prevention and termination of pregnancy, diagnostic tests, prophylaxis for HIV and other STIs, vaccinations, and psychological intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides up-to-date evidence about adequate health care services for children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse. We conclude that recent studies have focused more on prophylaxis against HIV and other STIs, studies on vaccinating against HPV for victims are still limited, and future research in this area is needed.

Effects of lifestyle on sexual function among postmenopausal women.

Background: A healthy lifestyle has a key role in reducing health problems. Since one of the most common problems in Postmenopausal women has been sexual dysfunction (SD). The specific purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) on sexual function among postmenopausal women. Methods: The present cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted on 405 Postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years, using the convenience sampling method.Data collection was done using three questionnaires of demographic, health-promoting lifestyle profile-II (HPLP-II) and female sexual function index (FSFI). Data were analyzed in the SPSS-16 using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The statistical significance level was regarded as less than 0.05. Results: In general, the result of this study identified a 68% prevalence of SD among participants. The mean score obtained from the HPLP II was 2.27 (SD = 0.42), the highest score of its sub-scales was spiritual growth and the lowest score was physical activity.The mean score of FSFI among the studied women was 23.16 (SD = 0.29), the highest score of six sub-scales was satisfaction and the lowest score was lubrication among participants. A strong correlation was found between the total FSFI scores, and spiritual growth (r=0.048), interpersonal relations (r=0.02), stress management (r=0.000), (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that a healthy lifestyle affects sexual function. Given that a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important ways to help women overcome SD, a healthy lifestyle promoting interventions necessary for Postmenopausal women.

Relationship between domestic violence and infertility.

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a significant psychological stressor among infertile couples. Aggressive behaviour such as domestic violence may be the consequence of this situation. AIMS: To determine the relationship between domestic violence and infertility and its associated factors. METHODS: This unmatched case-control study was conducted on 400 women who were referred to Al-Zahra teaching Hospital in Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran, from May to December 2015. The data were collected by WHO Domestic violence questionnaire, which was validated in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistic (Chi square, t test, and logistic regression). RESULTS: Out of the 200 infertile women 136 (68%) reported a history of physical violence, 120 (60%) had experienced sexual violence and 140 (70%) had psychological violence. There was a significant relationship between infertility and physical, sexual and psychological violence (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the education level of women [OR= 0.176, 95% CI (0.070-0.446)], unemployment husband [OR=15.83, 95% CI (1.307-191.977)] and infertility [OR= 0.133, 95% CI (0.057-0.31)] were associated with domestic violence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study there was a relationship between infertility and physical, sexual and psychological violence and infertile women were more likely to encounter domestic violence. Screening for domestic violence is necessary for infertile couples.

Women's reproductive health needs assessment questionnaire: development and validation.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of reproductive health (RH) needs is necessary for describing the status of women's RH and identification of the actions needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of the women's RH needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sequential exploratory mixed method study (qualitative and quantitative) was conducted with Iranian women of reproductive age (age 15-49 years) living in Rasht. The qualitative exploratory phase was used to explain the concept and dimensions of RH needs. The qualitative exploratory phase was used to develop and validate a questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of the qualitative section, RH needs consists of two themes "Reproductive Health Education Needs" and "Reproductive Health Services Features". A Women's Reproductive Health Needs Assessment Questionnaire (WRHNAQ) was designed with 19 items. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire were 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The instrument's internal consistency was confirmed by an alpha coefficient of 0.881. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the WRHNAQ is a culturally sensitive, valid and reliable scale for assessing the RH needs. The WRHNAQ will be helpful for identifying needs and need-based intervention.

The relationship between spiritual health and health-promoting lifestyle among students.

BACKGROUND: One of the components of a healthy life is attending to spiritual needs, which can reduce harmful behaviors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between spiritual health (SH) and health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 nursing and midwifery students at Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using a self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) and the Spirituality Well-being Scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the students' HPLP-II scores as 84 ± 28 and the mean and standard deviation of SWBS scores was 90 ± 15. Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between HPLP-II scores and SWBS scores (r = 0.032). CONCLUSION: The finding of this study showed that SH impacts on a HPL. It is recommended for policy-makers and health providers due to the positive role of SH in improving HPLs.