RESUMEN
This study aims to explore the fermentative production and physicochemical properties of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from agricultural isolate, Bacillus subtilis S1 in submerged culture. The structural characterization (Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 13 C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry) revealed that the EPS is an acidic heteropolymer consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid, and succinic acid. The non-Newtonian shear thickening nature of EPS with a 1.55 × 107 Da molecular weight is confirmed by rheology analysis. The extracted EPS was 61.3% amorphous with partial crystallinity (38.7%) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The EPS shows two-step decomposition and thermal stability up to 300 °C as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The EPS has a small Z-average particle size (74.29 nm), high porosity (92.99%), high water holding (92.39%), and absorption capacity (1,198%). The biocompatible nature is confirmed by cytotoxic testing on the human keratinocytes cell line. The demonstrated unique characteristics of Bacillus EPS presents it as a choice of biomaterial for diverse applications.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus subtilis/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/metabolismo , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fermentación , Humanos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/biosíntesis , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , ReologíaRESUMEN
In designing of novel insect growth regulators (IGRs), biologically occurring carvacrol has been structurally modified to thiadiazole and oxadiazole moieties. Two series of carvacrol analogs containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole (VIIIa-e) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (IXa-e) derivatives are designed and synthesized. Their structures are confirmed by FT-IR, [Formula: see text] NMR, [Formula: see text]C NMR and LC-MS. IGR activity is tested against Spodoptera litura. Several analogs displayed IGR activity against this insect pest. Compounds VIIIe and IXe displayed relatively good IGR activity with [Formula: see text]values 117.43 and 108.83 ppm against Spodoptera litura, respectively. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of carvacrol-based 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent insect growth regulators (IGRs).
Asunto(s)
Hormonas Juveniles/farmacología , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Spodoptera/efectos de los fármacos , Tiadiazoles/farmacología , Animales , Cimenos , Hormonas Juveniles/química , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Monoterpenos/química , Oxadiazoles/química , Pupa/efectos de los fármacos , Pupa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Spodoptera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tiadiazoles/químicaRESUMEN
Carvacrol, thymol and eugenol belong to a class of naturally presenting phenols with a ten-carbon unit, which are present in essential oils of many plants. These versatile molecules are incorporated as useful ingredients in many food products and find applications in agricultural, pharmaceutical, fragrance, cosmetic, flavor and other industries. They are wide ranging of biological and pharmaceutical activities: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer and antioxidant. This review summarizes pharmacological and medicinal activities of these phytochemicals and their synthetic hybrids.