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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common reason for presenting to emergency departments (EDs). The assessment of these patients is frequently hampered by various confounders, and diagnostics is still often based on nonspecific clinical signs. Throughout Europe, there is wide variation in clinical practices, including the follow-up of those discharged from the ED. The objective is to present a practical recommendation for the assessment of adult patients with an acute TBI, focusing on milder cases not requiring in-hospital care. The aim is to advise on and harmonize practices for European settings. A multiprofessional expert panel, giving consensus recommendations based on recent scientific literature and clinical practices, is employed. The focus is on patients with a preserved consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15) not requiring in-hospital care after ED assessment. The main results of this paper contain practical, clinically usable recommendations for acute clinical assessment, decision-making on acute head computerized tomography (CT), use of biomarkers, discharge options, and needs for follow-up, as well as a discussion of the main features and risk factors for prolonged recovery. In conclusion, this consensus paper provides a practical stepwise approach for the clinical assessment of patients with an acute TBI at the ED. Recommendations are given for the performance of acute head CT, use of brain biomarkers and disposition after ED care including careful patient information and organization of follow-up for those discharged.
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Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Consenso , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/diagnóstico , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/terapia , Adulto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Acute subdural hemorrhages are a common emergency presentation often associated with trauma. However, in the absence of significant trauma, it is important to consider alternative causes. In this case, a 58-year-old woman with trivial trauma after a sudden collapse had bilateral subdural hemorrhages on CT. CT-angiogram revealed anterior communicating artery aneurysm, which had ruptured. This case explores intracerebral aneurysms as a rare cause of subdural hemorrhage that is important to consider in the absence of significant trauma.
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Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Roto/complicaciones , Hematoma Subdural Agudo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma Subdural Agudo/etiología , Hematoma Subdural/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma Subdural/etiología , Hematoma Subdural/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Angiografía por Tomografía ComputarizadaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although previous studies investigated the main predictors of outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients aged 80 years and older, less is known about the impact of the procedural features on outcomes in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of EVT technical procedures on the main 3-month outcomes in a population of patients aged 80 years and older. METHODS: This observational, prospective, single-centre study included consecutive patients with acute LVO ischaemic stroke of the anterior circulation. The study outcomes were functional independence at 3 months after EVT (defined as a mRS score of 0-2), successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥ 2b), incidence of haeamorrhagic transformation, and 90-day all cause of mortality. RESULTS: Our cohort included 497 patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to LVO treated with EVT. Among them, 105 (21.1%) patients were aged ≥ 80 years. In the elderly group, multivariable regression analysis showed that thromboaspiration technique vs stent-retriever was the single independent predictor of favourable post-procedural TICI score (OR = 7.65, 95%CI = 2.22-26.32, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that EVT for LVO stroke in the elderly could be safe. The use of thromboaspiration was associated with positive reperfusion outcome in this population. Further studies in larger series are warranted to confirm the present results and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EVT in the elderly and oldest adults.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Anciano , Adulto , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
We aim to compare the outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation detected after stroke (AFDAS) and their counterparts with known AF (KAF) presenting with large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). This observational, prospective study included consecutive patients with acute LVO ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation with AFDAS, KAF and without AF. The primary study outcome was functional independence at 90 days after stroke. The secondary study outcomes were variation of the NIHSS score at 24 h, rate of successful reperfusion, death at 90 days and rate of immediate complications post-procedure. Overall, our cohort included 518 patients with acute ischemic stroke and LVO treated with MT, with 289 (56.8%) without a diagnosis of AF; 107 (21%) with AFDAS; 122 (22.2%) with KAF. There was no significant difference in terms of functional independence at 90 days after stroke between the three groups. Regarding the secondary study outcome, the rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and/or parenchymal hematoma (PH) were significantly higher in the group of patients without AF (respectively, P = 0.030 and < 0.010). Logistic regression analysis showed that the subtypes of AF were not statistically significantly associated with functional independence at 90 days after stroke and with the likelihood of any ICH. Our results suggest that the subtypes of AF are not associated with clinical and safety outcomes of MT in patients with acute stroke and LVO. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains an effective treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) and large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, to date, it remains unclear whether MT is safe in patients on treatment with OAC. AIMS: In our study, we performed a propensity-matched analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of MT in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving anticoagulants. A propensity score method was used to target the causal inference of the observational study design. METHODS: This observational, prospective, single-centre study included consecutive patients with acute LVO ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation. Demographic, neuro-imaging and clinical data were collected and compared according to the anticoagulation status at baseline, patients on OAC vs those not on OAC. The primary study outcomes were the occurrence of any intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH. The secondary study outcomes were functional independence at 90 days after stroke (defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 0 through 2), mortality at 3 months and successful reperfusion rate according to the modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. RESULTS: Overall, our cohort included 573 patients with acute ischemic stroke and LVO treated with MT. After propensity score matching, 495 patients were matched (99 OAC group vs 396 no OAC group). There were no differences in terms of clinical characteristics between the two groups, except for the rate of intravenous thrombolysis less frequently given in the OAC group. There was no significant difference in terms of the rate of any ICH and symptomatic ICH between the two groups. With regards to the secondary study outcome, there was no significant difference in terms of the rate of successful recanalization post-procedure and functional independence at 3 months between the two groups. Patients in the OAC group showed a reduced mortality rate at 90 days compared to the patients with no previous use of anticoagulation (20.2% vs 21.2%, p = 0.031). Logistic regression analysis did not reveal a statistically significant influence of the anticoagulation status on the likelihood of any ICH (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.46-1.97, p = 0.900) and symptomatic ICH (OR = 4.87, 95% CI = 0.64-37.1, p = 0.127). Our analysis showed also that pre-admission anticoagulant use was not associated with functional independence at 90 days after stroke (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.39-1.48, p = 0.422) and rate of successful reperfusion (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.38-1.72, p = 0.582). CONCLUSION: According to our findings anticoagulation status at baseline did not raise any suggestion of safety and efficacy concerns when MT treatment is provided according to the standard guidelines. Confirmation of these results in larger controlled prospective cohorts is necessary.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombectomía/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
Background and purpose. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for eligible patients with a large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke. Among patients undergoing MT there has been uncertainty regarding the role of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and previous trials have yielded conflicting results regarding clinical outcomes. We aim to investigate clinical, reperfusion outcomes and safety of MT with or without IVT for ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation LVO. Materials and Methods. This observational, prospective, single-centre study included consecutive patients with acute LVO ischemic stroke of the anterior circulation. The primary outcomes were the rate of in-hospital mortality, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and functional independence (mRS 0-2 at 90 days). Results. We enrolled a total of 577 consecutive patients: 161 (27.9%) were treated with MT alone while 416 (72.1%) underwent IVT and MT. Patients with MT who were treated with IVT had lower rates of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.037), higher TICI reperfusion grades (p = 0.007), similar rates of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (p = 0.317) and a higher percentage of functional independence mRS (0-2) at 90 days (p = 0.022). Bridging IVT with MT compared to MT alone was independently associated with a favorable post-intervention TICI score (>2b) (OR, 1.716; 95% CI, 1.076-2.735, p = 0.023). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that combined treatment with MT and IVT is safe and results in increased reperfusion rates as compared to MT alone.
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BACKGROUND: The evidence for mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion has until now remained inconclusive with basilar artery strokes associated with high rates of death and disability. This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the available evidence for the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion compared to best medical therapy. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarize the effect estimates for each outcome. RESULTS: We performed a random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) meta-analysis of the four included randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 988 participants. We found a statistically significant improvement in the rates of those with a good functional outcome (mRS 0-3, RR 1.54, 1.16-2.06, p = 0.003) and functional independence (mRS 0-2, RR 1.69, 1.05-2.71, p = 0.03) in those who were treated with thrombectomy when compared to best medical therapy alone. Thrombectomy was associated with a higher level of sICH (RR 7.12, 2.16-23.54, p = 0.001) but this was not reflected in a higher mortality rate, conversely the mortality rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (RR 0.76, 0.65-0.89, p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis of the recently presented randomized controlled studies is the first to confirm the disability and mortality benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in basilar artery stroke.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Arteria Basilar/cirugía , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 16-year-old girl developed a proximal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery during a flare-up of acute ulcerative colitis. Although mechanical thrombectomy led to successful middle cerebral artery recanalisation, she required an immediate second thrombectomy due to reocclusion of the same arterial segment. She developed a second ischaemic event 7 days later despite intravenous heparin infusion, later switched to low-molecular-weight heparin, and a third event after 3 days despite the addition of aspirin. We discuss stroke risks in people with inflammatory bowel disease and the uncertainties around anticoagulation and antiplatelet regimens in such cases.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Adolescente , Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombectomía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Cervical spinal vascular abnormalities commonly present with progressive myelopathy as a result of venous congestion. They are not very prone to bleed and tend to be underdiagnosed due to their subtle clinical presentation. We came across a rare case of intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by cervical spinal dural fistula in the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Hospitals/UK in June 2020. We diagnosed the patient under strict evidence base medicine guidance, which otherwise would have been missed. We discussed the case in several multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings, and patient was treated under the joint care of the neurology and neurosurgical teams. Patient made a full recovery and discharged home with no neurological defects or complications. Here, we reported this case with all the evidence we gathered from our MDT discussion. We hope our experience would help improve the diagnosis and management protocol for future patients with a similar condition.
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BACKGROUND: Cannabis and its main psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can elicit transient psychotic symptoms. A key candidate biological mechanism of how THC induces psychotic symptoms is the modulation of glutamate in the brain. We sought to investigate the effects of acute THC administration on striatal glutamate levels and its relationship to the induction of psychotic symptoms. METHODS: We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glutamate levels in the striatum in 20 healthy participants after THC (15 mg, oral) and matched placebo administration in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Psychotic symptoms were measured using the Psychotomimetic States Inventory. RESULTS: We found that THC administration did not significantly change glutamate (glutamate plus glutamine relative to creatine) concentration in the striatum (p = .58; scaled Jeffreys-Zellner-Siow Bayes factor = 4.29). THC increased psychotic symptoms, but the severity of these symptoms was not correlated with striatal glutamate levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that oral administration of 15 mg of THC does not result in altered striatal glutamate levels. Further work is needed to clarify the effects of THC on striatal glutamate.
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Dronabinol , Alucinógenos , Teorema de Bayes , Cuerpo Estriado , Dronabinol/farmacología , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: We examined the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on our regional stroke thrombectomy service in the UK. METHODS: This was a single-center health service evaluation. We began testing for COVID-19 on 3 March and introduced a modified "COVID Stroke Thrombectomy Pathway" on 18 March. We analyzed the clinical, procedural and outcome data for 61 consecutive stroke thrombectomy patients between 1 January and 30 April. We compared the data for January and February ("pre-COVID," n = 33) versus March and April ("during COVID," n = 28). RESULTS: Patient demographics were similar between the 2 groups (mean age 71 ± 12.8 years, 39% female). During the COVID-19 pandemic, (a) total stroke admissions fell by 17% but the thrombectomy rate was maintained at 20% of ischemic strokes; (b) successful recanalization rate was maintained at 81%; (c) early neurological outcomes (neurological improvement following thrombectomy and inpatient mortality) were not significantly different; (d) use of general anesthesia fell significantly from 85 to 32% as intended; and (e) time intervals from onset to arrival, groin puncture, and recanalization were not significantly different, whereas internal delays for external referrals significantly improved for door-to-groin puncture (48 [interquartile range (IQR) 39-57] vs. 33 [IQR 27-44] minutes, p = 0.013) and door-to-recanalization (82.5 [IQR 61-110] vs. 60 [IQR 55-70] minutes, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the stroke admission numbers but not stroke thrombectomy rate, successful recanalization rate, or early neurological outcome. Internal delays actually improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies should examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on longer term outcome.
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Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , COVID-19/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía , Terapia Trombolítica , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , COVID-19/cirugía , Prueba de COVID-19 , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2 , Accidente Cerebrovascular/mortalidad , Trombectomía/métodos , Tiempo de Tratamiento , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: CT angiography (CTA) is not necessarily performed for all acute ischemic strokes due to variations in national guidelines across different regions. It follows that in the absence of CTA, missed identification of large vessel occlusion (LVO) potentially leads to opportunity lost for endovascular thrombectomy. Although the accuracy of CTA is well validated in chronic arterial stenosis, it has not been adequately investigated in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of CTA compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in detecting LVO in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of acute ischemic strokes with large vessel occlusion which underwent endovascular thrombectomy. We included patients who had a CTA prior to DSA and did not receive intravenous thrombolysis. Images were reviewed by 2 blinded assessors. Positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of CTA were calculated against DSA. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR 57-78) and 46 (59.7 %) were male. Median NIHSS was 18 (IQR 12-22). There were 284 arterial segments categorized into 215 anterior arterial segments in 54 patients and 69 posterior arterial segments in 23 patients. The median time between CTA and DSA was 126 min (IQR 91-153 min). CTA showed PPV of 91.1 % and NPV of 95.1 % compared with DSA. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that CTA was reasonably accurate in identifying large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. We propose that current regional guidelines should include CTA for all acute ischemic strokes.
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Angiografía de Substracción Digital/métodos , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Angiografía de Substracción Digital/tendencias , Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada/tendencias , Femenino , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombectomía/métodos , Trombectomía/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Failing to recognise the signs and symptoms of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) causes diagnostic delay and may result in poorer outcomes. We report a rare case of SAH secondary to a vertebral artery dissection (VAD) that initially presented with cauda equina-like features, followed by symptoms more typical of SAH. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old man developed severe lower back pain after sudden movement. Over the next 5 days he developed paraesthesiaes in the feet, progressing to the torso gradually, and reported constipation and reduced sensation when passing urine. On day six he developed left facial palsy, and later gradual-onset headache and intermittent confusion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffuse subarachnoid FLAIR hyperintensity, concerning for blood, including a focus of cortical/subcortical high signal in the left superior parietal lobule, which was confirmed by computed tomography. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a left VAD with a fusiform aneurysm. CONCLUSION: We present a very rare case of intracranial VAD with SAH initially presenting with spinal symptoms. The majority of subsequent clinical features were consistent with a parietal focus of cortical subarachnoid blood, as observed on neuroimaging.
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Síndrome de Cauda Equina/etiología , Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/etiología , Disección de la Arteria Vertebral/complicaciones , Disección de la Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Parálisis de Bell/diagnóstico , Parálisis de Bell/etiología , Síndrome de Cauda Equina/diagnóstico , Errores Diagnósticos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XAsunto(s)
Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmune/diagnóstico por imagen , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagen , Natalizumab/efectos adversos , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmune/inducido químicamente , Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmune/complicaciones , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/inducido químicamente , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/tratamiento farmacológico , Natalizumab/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) assesses early ischemic change on non-contrast CT (NCCT). We hypothesised that assessing ASPECTS regions on CT Perfusion (CTP) rather than NCCT would improve inter-rater agreement and prognostic accuracy, particularly in patients presenting early after stroke onset. METHODS: Ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous alteplase from 2009 to 2014 at our institution were included in this study. Inter-rater agreement and prognostic accuracy of ASPECTS across modalities were analysed by the time between stroke onset and initial NCCT, dichotomized 1st quartile versus quartiles 2-4, referred to as epochs. ASPECTS was assessed by 2 independent raters, blinded to stroke onset time, with agreement determined by weighted kappa (κw). Prognostic accuracy for favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) was assessed using the receiver-operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 227 participants were included. There was significant time-by-CT modality interaction for ASPECTS, p < 0.0001. The inter-rater agreement of ASPECTS on NCCT significantly increased as onset to CT time increased (κw epoch 1 = 0.76 vs. κw epoch 2-4 = 0.89, p = 0.04), whereas agreement using CTP parameters was stable across epochs. Inter-rater agreement for CTP-ASPECTS was significantly higher than NCCT in early epoch: Tmax κw = 0.96, p = 0.002; cerebral blood volume (CBV) κw = 0.95, p = 0.003; cerebral blood flow (CBF) κw = 0.94, p = 0.006, with no differences in the later epochs. Prognostic accuracy of ASPECTS on NCCT in epoch 1 were (area under the ROC curves [AUC] = 0.52, 95% CI 0.48-0.56), CBV (AUC = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.69, CBF (AUC = 0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.71) and Tmax (AUC = 0.62, 95% CI 0.49-0.75), p = 0.46 between modalities. CONCLUSIONS: CTP can improve reliability when assessing the extent of ischemic changes, particularly in patients imaged early after stroke onset.
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Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral/métodos , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Técnicas de Apoyo para la Decisión , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Imagen de Perfusión/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Área Bajo la Curva , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Humanos , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , VictoriaRESUMEN
GOAL: The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is dependent on the visibility of early ischemic change. The goal of our study was to evaluate whether time from ischemic stroke onset to initial NCCT influences the inter-rater variability and prognostic accuracy of ASPECTS for a 3-month functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) from 2007 to 2014 at the Royal Melbourne Hospital were included. ASPECTS were blindly assessed by 2 independent raters with inter-rater agreement determined by weighted kappa. Onset time to computed tomography time was dichotomized at the median (≤100 and >100 minutes). Outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to assess the prognostic utility of ASPECTS in the early and later time periods. RESULTS: There were 379 patients included. Inter-rater agreement was significantly lower in the early time period: kappa = .75 (95% confidence interval (CI), .59-.84) ≤ 100 minutes versus .92 (95% CI, .91-.93) > 100 minutes, P < .001. The distributions of absolute inter-rater differences in ASPECTS differed significantly between time epochs (P = .03). The prognostic accuracies of ASPECTS across time epochs were area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≤ 100 minutes = .57 (95% CI, .50-.64) and >100 minutes = .66 (95% CI, .59-.73), P = .055. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a significantly lower inter-rater agreement and a trend toward reduced prognostic accuracy of ASPECTS in earlier time periods. The use of ASPECTS to select patients for revascularization in early time windows may be unreliable.
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Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alberta/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Curva ROC , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Vascular Cerebral Lacunar/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Vascular Cerebral Lacunar/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/normas , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Angiografía , Arteria Basilar/anatomía & histología , Cerebelo/anatomía & histología , Columna Vertebral/anatomía & histología , Arteria Vertebral/anatomía & histología , Arteria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Cerebelo/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Columna Vertebral/irrigación sanguínea , Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagenAsunto(s)
Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/diagnóstico , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/diagnóstico , Anciano , Humanos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/sangre , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/diagnóstico por imagen , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/sangre , Leucoencefalopatía Multifocal Progresiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , RadiografíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study assessed volume changes of unruptured large and giant aneurysms (greatest diameter >20 mm) after treatment with flow diverter (FD) stents. METHODS: Clinical audit of the cases treated in a single institution, over a 5-year period. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from the hospital records. Aneurysm volumes were measured by manual outlining at sequential slices using computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) angiography data. RESULTS: The audit included eight patients (seven females) with eight aneurysms. Four aneurysms involved the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), three the supraclinoid ICA and one the basilar artery. Seven patients presented with signs and symptoms of mass effect and one with seizures. All but one aneurysm was treated with a single FD stent; six aneurysms were also coiled (either before or simultaneously with FD placement). Minimum follow-up time was 6 months (mean 20 months). At follow-up, three aneurysms decreased in size, three were unchanged and two increased. Both aneurysms that increased in size showed persistent endosaccular flow at follow-up MR; in one case, failure was attributed to suboptimal position of the stent; in the other case, it was attributed to persistence of a side branch originating from the aneurysm (similar to the endoleak phenomenon of aortic aneurysms). At follow-up, five aneurysms were completely occluded; none of these increased in volume. CONCLUSION: Complete occlusion of the aneurysms leads, in most cases, to its shrinkage. In cases of late aneurysm growth or regrowth, consideration should be given to possible endoleak as the cause.