Análisis cienciométrico de la producción científica sobre la hipoxantina y xantina en el ejercicio, publicada en la base de datos Scopus (2016-2021) / Scientometric Analysis of the Scientific Production on Hypoxanthine and Xanthine in Exercise, Published in Scopus Database (2016-2021)

La hipoxantina y la xantina son biomarcadores metabólicos que resultan de la degradación de las proteínas purinas. Los análisis cienciométricos constituyen una herramienta para estudiar las publicaciones científicas en torno a un determinado tema con la finalidad de determinar tendencias en la literatura. Se realizó un análisis cienciométrico de la producción científica reciente sobre la hipoxantina y xantina en el ejercicio, publicada en la base de datos Scopus durante el período 2016 - 2021. Para la búsqueda en Scopus se utilizaron las palabras clave en idioma inglés: exercise, hypoxanthine y xanthine. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo, tomando en cuenta los artículos encontrados, así como la información proporcionada por el software VOSviewer. Se identificaron 64 artículos, de estos, 56 fueron de investigación aplicada y ocho de revisión. La categoría de efecto del ejercicio tuvo una mayor cantidad de estudios con 23; dentro de esta se encuentra la subcategoría de metabolismo que presentó 21 artículos. Tanto Estados Unidos como Polonia son los países con mayor número de publicaciones. Existen distintos enfoques y protocolos de ejercicio utilizados para cuantificar la respuesta de la hipoxantina y xantina, así como los perfiles de los sujetos de estudio utilizados como muestra para las investigaciones. La cuantificación de hipoxantina y xantina en el cuerpo es importante para la investigación en el campo de las ciencias del ejercicio(AU)

Hypoxanthine and xanthine are metabolic biomarkers that result from the degradation of purine proteins. Scientometric analyzes constitute a tool to study scientific publications around a certain topic in order to determine trends in the literature. A scientometric analysis was carried out of the recent scientific production on hypoxanthine and xanthine in exercise, published in Scopus database during the period 2016-2021. For the search in Scopus, we used the English keywords exercise, hypoxanthine and xanthine. A quantitative analysis was carried out, taking into account the articles found, as well as the information provided by VOSviewer software. Sixty-four articles were identified, 56 of them were applied research and eight were review. The exercise effect category had a larger number of studies (23). Here there is a subcategory of metabolism that had 21 articles. The United States and Poland are both the countries with the highest number of publications. There are different approaches and exercise protocols used to quantify the response of hypoxanthine and xanthine, as well as the profiles of the study subjects used as a sample for the investigations. The quantification of hypoxanthine and xanthine in the body is important for research in the field of exercise science(AU)

Competitive Recovery-Stress and Mood States in Mexican Youth Athletes.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring recovery-stress balance in sport is becoming more relevant to prevent training maladaptation and reach the optimal performance for each athlete. The use of questionnaires that identify the athlete's recovery-stress state have much acceptance in sports due to reliability and useful, furthermore for its low cost. Identifying possible differences between sport modalities and sex is important to determine specific needs and possible intervention ways to keep a recovery-stress balance. The aim was to analyze the differences in the recovery-stress state and mood states by sex and sport type during the competitive phase in young Mexican athletes. As a secondary objective, the psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport) were analyzed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried on with 461 athletes (61% women and 39% men), 17.95 (±1.2) years old, from six sports disciplines. The RESTQ-Sport and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied in a single moment. Differences by sex and sports modality were analyzed. RESTQ-Sport's confirmatory factor analysis was performed after the stress and recovery theoretical structure of two stress (general and sport) and two recovery (general and sport) dimensions, and last, the concurrent validation with the POMS was carried on. RESULTS: Significant differences by sex were found in the General Recovery and Sport Stress dimensions of the RESTQ-Sport as well as Vigor factor of the POMS, being higher for men; furthermore, both the Sport Recovery dimension of RESTQ-Sport and Cholera and the Fatigue and Depression factors from POMS also had differences by sport type, showing a less recovery and high stress for individual sport athletes. Goodness-of-fit indexes of the model for the RESTQ-Sport were acceptable. Pearson's correlation between questionnaires was moderate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The recovery-stress state shows differences in the function of sex and sport modality. More special attention is suggested for women and individual sport athletes. The higher punctuation for men compared with women in sport stress dimension did not negatively affect the recovery-stress balance for male athletes. Finally, the Mexican context adaptation of the RESTQ-Sport provides a psychometric instrument suitable to assess the recovery-stress balance in Mexican athletes.

Effect of consecutive matches on heart rate variability in elite volleyball players / Efecto de partidos consecutivos sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en jugadores elite de voleibol / Efeito de jogos consecutivos na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jogadores de vôlei de elite

The objective of this study was to observe and determine changes in HRV parameters in volleyball players during the Mexican national professional volleyball league. Heart rate was monitored in 12 athletes (age 22.60 ± 3.4) for four months during weekends (Saturdays and Sundays). Three measures were taken during each match-day: the first at rest (REST), the second in the afternoon after the matches of the first day (R2), and the third after the matches of the second day (R4). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and the Bonferroni method. We found a difference between REST and R2 and R4 in SDNN (98.66 ± 62.50 vs. 50.35 ± 26.33 ms, p < .001; 59.24 ± 22.11, p < .001 for R2 and R4 respectively), rMSSD (43.49 ± 34.60 vs. 24.33 ± 18.89, p < .05; 28.44 ± 16.70, p < .05 for R2 and R4, respectively), pNN50 (30.37 ± 21.47% vs. 12.09 ± 16.56, p < .001; 13.30 ± 13.64, p < .001 for R2 and R4 respectively), SD1 (45.84 ± 30.17 ms vs. 22.83 ± 17.30, p < .001; 28.01 ± 14.94, p <.01 for R2 and R4, respectively) and SD2 (123.18 ± 53.67 ms vs. 65.58 ± 32.42, p < .001; 79.06 ± 28.33, p < .001 for R2 and R4, respectively). There were no significant differences between R2 and R4. These results show that heart rate variability helps determine changes after several matches in sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in volleyball players, and that this provides information on athletes’ physical performance (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar observar y determinar los cambios en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) de un equipo de voleibol masculino durante su participación en la liga profesional nacional de México. Se registró a 12 atletas (Edad 22.60 ± 3.4) por cuatro meses durante el fin de semana (sábado y domingo). En cada jornada se realizaron tres mediciones, la primera por la mañana en reposo (REST); la segunda por la tarde al finalizar los partidos del primer día (R2) y la tercera al finalizar los partido del segundo día (R4). Los datos se analizaron con el test ANOVA y el test de Bonferroni. Se encontró diferencia entre REST con respecto a la R2 y con la R4 en SDNN (98.66±62.50 ms vs. 50.35±26.33, p < .001; 59.24±22.11, p < .001 para R2 y R4 respectivamente), en la rMSSD (43.49±34.60 ms vs. 24.33±18.89, p < .05; 28.44±16.70, p < .05 para R2 y R4 respectivamente), en el pNN50 (30.37±21.47 % vs. 12.09±16.56, p < .001; 13.30±13.64, p < .001 para R2 y R4 respectivamente), en SD1 (45.84±30.17 ms vs. 22.83±17.30, p < .001; 28.01±14.94, p < .01 para R2 y R4 respectivamente) y en SD2 (123.18±53.67 ms vs. 65.58±32.42, p < .001; 79.06±28.33, p < .001 para R2 y R4 respectivamente), entre la R2 y la R4 no hay diferencias significativas. Los resultados indican que en jugadores de voleibol posterior a varios partidos permite determinar los cambios en la modulación simpática y parasimpática a través de la VFC brindando información sobre el estado de rendimiento físico de los atletas (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar, observar e determinar mudanças na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) da equipe de voleibol dos homens, enquanto participavam na nacional liga profissional México. Foram registrados 12 atletas (entre 22,60 ± 3,4 anos de idade) por quatro meses durante o fim de semana (sábado e domingo). Cada dia se realizaram três medições, a primeira de manhã em repouso (REST); a segunda pela tarde no final das primeiros jogos do dia (R2) e a terceira na parte final das jogos do segundo dia (R4). Os dados foram analisados com o teste ANOVA e teste de Bonferroni. Uma diferença foi encontrada entre o REST no que diz respeito a R2 e R4 em SDNN (98,66 ± 62,50 ms vs 50,35 ± 26,33 ms, p < 0,001; 59,24 ± 22,11, p < 0,001 para R2 e R4, respectivamente), em rMSSD (43,49 ± 34,60 ms vs 24,33 ± 18,89, p < 0,05; 28,44 ± 16,70, p < 0,05, para R2 e R4, respectivamente), no pNN50 (30,37 ± 21,47% vs 12,09 ± 16,56%, p < 0,001; 13,30 ± 13,64, p < 0,001 para R2 e R4, respectivamente), SD1 (45,84 ± 30.17 ms vs. 22,83 ± 17,30, p < 0,001; 28,01 ± 14,94, p < 0,01 para R2 e R4, respectivamente) e no SD2 (123,18 ± 53,67 ms vs 65,58 ± 32,42 ms, p < 0,001; 79,06 ± 28,33, p < 0,001 para R2 e R4, respectivamente), entre R2 e R4 não há diferenças significativas. Os resultados indicam que, nos jogadores de vôlei trás várias jogos, permite determinar alterações na modulação simpático e parassimpático através do VFC fornecendo informações sobre o estado de desempenho físico dos atletas (AU)

Protección antioxidante de zarzamora para disminuir daño muscular en atletas de elite / Proteção antioxidante da amora-preta para reduzir danos musculares em atletas de elite / Blackberry antioxidant protection to prevent muscle damage in elite athletes

La actividad física de alta intensidad o competencia puede generar daño muscular pudiendo afectar el rendimiento de los atletas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si los antioxidantes presentes en la zarzamora favorecen el proceso de recuperación sobre el daño muscular en atletas a través de la cuantificación de creatincinasa (CK) y urea tras una semana de competencia. Se evaluó la CK y urea en plasma del grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo placebo (GP), en las siguientes etapas: (basal) previo a la ingesta del jugo, (pre) al inicio de la competencia, (final) al final de la competencia, (24h), (48h) y (72h) finalizado el último partido. En relación a la CK, se observaron diferencias significativas en el GE en las etapas de pre y la final con respecto a la basal (p < 0.05), en la toma final con respecto a la pre (p < 0.05) y en la toma 48h y 72h con relación a la final (p < 0.05). En el GP únicamente se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) entre las tomas 48h y 72h con relación a la final. En la concentración de urea se presentó diferencia en las tomas final, 24h y 48 h con relación a la pre (p < 0.05), en el GP no hubo diferencias significativas en ninguna de las tomas. Estos resultados sugieren que el consumo de zarzamora contribuye a la recuperación del daño muscular (AU)

High intensity physical activity can provoke muscle damage and consequently affect athletes’ performance. The aim of this study was to determine if antioxidants contained in blackberry can stimulate athletes’ processes of recovery from muscle damage, using Creatine Kinase (CK) quantification and urea values after a week of competition as indicators. Participants were divided into an experimental (EG) and a placebo group (CG). In both groups, CK and urea in plasma were measured before, during and after competition. Significant differences were observed in EG at pre and post phases, compared to the basal (p < 0.05). Further, significant differences were found in the pre-post analysis of EG (p < 0.05), as well as after 48h and 72h compared with post-test (p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found for CG (p < 0.05) at 48h and 72h compared to post-test. As regard to urea concentration, differences were shown at post-test, after 24h, and after 48h compared to pre-test (p < 0.05). CG showed no significant differences at any stage of the research. These results suggest that consumption of blackberries may contribute to muscle damage recovery (AU)

A atividade física de alta intensidade ou a competição pode levar a lesão muscular e pode afetar o desempenho dos atletas. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se antioxidantes presentes na amora-preta favorecem o processo de recuperação de danos musculares em atletas através da quantificação da creatina quinase (CK) e ureia após uma semana de competição. CK e ureia foi avaliada no plasma do grupo experimental (GE) e um grupo de placebo (GP), nos seguintes passos: (linha de base) antes da ingestão de sumo, (pré) no início da competição (final) para final da competição, (24h), (48h) e (72h) no término o último jogo. No que diz respeito a CK, tiveram diferenças significativas no GE no pré e último em relação ao basal (p< .05), na ingestão final sobre a pré (p < .05) e na ingestão 48h e 72h em relação à final (p < .05). No GP unicamente foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p < .05) entre as ingestões 48h e 72h em relação à final. Na concentração de ureia apareceu uma diferença nas ingestões finais, 24h e 48 h em relação ao pré (p < .05) no GP não houve diferenças significativas em nenhumas das ingestões. Estes resultados sugerem que o consumo de amorapreta contribui para a recuperação de lesões musculares (AU)

Estrés oxidativo y capacidad antioxidante en deportistas con dieta rica en antioxidantes con zarzamora (Rubus sp) / Estresse oxidativo e capacidade antioxidante nos atletas com dieta rica em antioxidantes com amora-preta (Rubus sp) / Oxidative stress in athletes with antioxidant-rich diet of blackberry (Rubus sp)

Objetivo. Identificar el comportamiento del Estrés Oxidativo (EO) en atletas con y sin la ingesta de dieta rica en antioxidantes durante el periodo competitivo. Métodos. Se evaluaron a 14 atletas de alto rendimiento del equipo de balonmano, quienes fueron distribuidos 7 en un grupo experimental y 7 en un grupo control (con y sin ingesta de zarzamora, respectivamente). El consumo de la bebida de zarzamora o placebo para ambos grupos, fue de una dosis diaria durante 15 días (7 días en la etapa de pre competencia, 7 días durante el periodo de competencia y una dosis 24h después de finalizar la competencia). Se cuantificó el EO (i.e. prueba d-ROMs, unidades Cornelli, U. Cor.) y la capacidad total antioxidante (CTA) en plasma (i.e. prueba PAT, unidades Carratelli, U. Carr.), en 4 momentos: (1) reposo (1 semana previa a competencia, antes del suministro de bebida); (2) pre competencia (una semana antes de la competencia); (3) al final de competencia y (4) a las 24 h después de la competencia. Resultados. En el grupo experimental, el EO disminuyó de manera significativa (p = .018) al comparar la toma en reposo con la toma previa a la competencia después de 7 días de la ingesta de la dieta rica en antioxidantes. El grupo control presentó aumentos significativos de la CTA en la toma previa a competencia (p = .028) así como al final de la misma (p = .046), con respecto a la toma en reposo. Conclusión. El EO se incrementa después de la competencia y estimula la CTA. La ingesta de la dieta rica en antioxidantes es favorable en el entrenamiento previo a la competencia ya que promueve la regulación del EO, disminuyendo los valores del mismo (AU)

Objective. Identify Oxidative Stress (OS) behavior in athletes with and without the intake of an antioxidant-rich diet during a competitive period. Methods.14 high-performance athletes of handball team were evaluated. Two groups were established: 7 in an experimental group (blackberry intake) and 7 in a control group (with and without the intake of blackberry, respectively). The intake of blackberry beverage or placebo for both groups was a daily dose for 15 days (7 days in the pre-competition stage, 7 days during the competition period and a dose 24h after the end of the competition). OS (i.e. d-ROMs test, Cornelli units, U.Cor.) and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) (i.e. PAT test, Carratelli units, U. Carr.) on plasma, were quantified at 4 moments: (1) resting (1 week before the competition, before the beverage intake); (2) pre-competition (one week before the competition); (3) at the end of the competition; and (4) 24 hours after the competition. Results. On the experimental group, OS was significantly reduced (p =.018) comparing resting takes with the pre-competition, after 7 days of the antioxidant-rich diet. The control group had a significant rise on TAC presented in precompetition (p =.028) as well as at end of competition (p =.046) compared to the resting take. Conclusion. The OS rises after competition and stimulates the TAC. The intake of an antioxidant-rich diet is helpful on pre-competition training since it promotes the regulation of OS, diminishing its levels (AU)

Objetivo. Identificar o comportamento do estresse oxidativo (EO) em atletas com e sem a ingestão de dieta rica em antioxidantes durante o período competitivo. Métodos. Foram avaliadas 14 atletas de alto rendimento da equipe de handebol, que foram distribuídos em 7 num grupo experimental e 7 num grupo de controlo (com e sem ingestão de amora, respectivamente). O consumo da amora bebida ou placebo em ambos os grupos era uma dose diária durante 15 dias (7 dias no pré competição, 7 dias durante a competição e uma dose 24 horas depois de terminar a competição). O EO foi quantificado (i.e. prova d-ROMs, unidades Cornelli, U. Cor.) e a capacidade antioxidante total (CAT) no plasma (isto é, teste de PAT, unidades Carratelli, U. Carr.) em 4 fases: (1) repouso (uma semana antes da competição antes do fornecimento de bebida); (2) pré-competição (uma semana antes da competição); (3) no fim da competição e (4) às 24 h após a competição. Resultados. No grupo experimental, o EO diminuiu significativamente (p = 0,018) comparando a toma em repouso com a toma anterior à competição após 7 dias de ingestão da dieta rica em antioxidantes. O grupo de controlo teve aumentos significativos no CAT na toma previa à competição (p = .028) e no final da mesma (p = .046), com respeito à toma em repouso. Conclusão. O EO aumenta após da competição e estimula o CAT. A ingestão de dieta rica em antioxidantes é favorável no treinamento pré-competição, uma vez que promove a regulação da EO, diminuindo os valores do mesmo (AU)

Impact of the internal training load over recovery-stress balance in endurance runners / Impacto de la carga de entrenamiento interna sobre el balance de estrés-recuperación en corredores de resistencia

The aim of the research was to analyze the response in the recovery-stress balance perception and the internal training load in resistance runners. 18 trained runners (age: 20.1±2.7 years, weight: 64.2±7.63kg, height, 174.32±6.2cm, VO2max: 57.54±7.34L), participate in tests of 800m (five), 1500m (four), 3000m steeplechase (one), 5000m (five), 10,000m (one) and 21km (two). Three weeks of training monitoring was performed, in which two were of moderate load and one of intense load. The daily S-RPE (Foster et al., 2001) and weekly RESTQ-Sport were applied to evaluate the perception of training load and recovery-stress balance. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed. A variance analysis was applied through the Friedman test, with post hoc Wilcoxon. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the RESTQ-Sport scales and the weekly S-RPE was analyzed. The results indicate that the S-RPE presented significant variations between the weeks, with week three reflecting the greater internal training load perceived. With respect to RESTQ-Sport, only the scale Disturbed Breaks (DB) shown significant differences, being this a specific scale of the sport, reflecting an increase in the perception of stress by the intensity of the training. There were no significant correlations, however, the S-RPE and the Disturbed breaks scale increased in week 3. The results coincide with other previous investigations in which the relationship between the increase in the training loads and the perception of this by the athletes (AU)

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la respuesta sobre la percepción del balance estrés-recuperación y la carga interna del entrenamiento en corredores de resistencia. 18 corredores de resistencia entrenados (edad: 20.1±2.7 años, peso: 64.2±7.63kg, estatura, 174.32±6.2cm, VO2max: 57.54±7.34L), participantes en pruebas de 800m (cinco), 1500m (cuatro), 3000m con obstáculos (uno), 5000m (cinco), 10,000m (uno) and 21km (dos). Se monitorearon tres semanas de entrenamiento, dos se realizaron con carga moderada y una con carga intensa. Se utilizó el S-RPE (Foster et al., 2001) diariamente y el RESTQ-Sport semanalmente para evaluar la percepción de estrés-recuperación. Se examinó la normalidad a través de la prueba Shapiro-Wilk y el análisis de varianza a través del test de Friedman con post hoc de Wilcoxon. Se analizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman entre las escalas del RESTQ-sport y el S-RPE semanal. El S-RPE tuvo diferencias significativas entre las semanas. La semana 3 presentó la mayor percepción de carga. interna del entrenamiento. El RESTQ-Sport presentó diferencias significativas en la escala de Periodos de Descanso Alterados (PDA), siendo ésta una escala específica del deporte, reflejando un incremento en la percepción de estrés debido a la intensidad del entrenamiento. No se presentaron correlaciones significativas, sin embargo, el S-RPE y la escala PDA muestran un incremento en la semana 3. Los resultados coinciden con estudios previos que señalan una relación entre el incremento de las cargas de entrenamiento y la percepción por parte de los atletas (AU)