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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicopathological features of surgically resected vascular malformations (VMs) of central nervous system (CNS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologically diagnosed cases of VMs of CNS during April 2010-April 2014 were included. Demographic data, clinical and radiological features were obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed along with Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG), Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and Perls' stains. Morphologically, cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were distinguished on the basis of vessel wall features on VVG and intervening glial parenchyma. RESULTS: Fifty cases were diagnosed as VMs of CNS with an age range of 14-62 years. These included 36 cavernomas, 12 AVMs, 2 mixed capillary-cavernous angiomas. Most of the cavernoma patients (15/36) presented with seizures, whereas AVM patients (8/12) had a headache as the dominant symptom. Twenty-nine patients were reliably diagnosed on radiological features. Microscopic evidence of hemorrhage was seen in 24/36 cavernomas and 6/12 AVMs, as opposed to radiologic evidence of 10 and 4, respectively. Reactive gliosis was seen in 16 cavernomas. CONCLUSIONS: Histological features are important for classifying the VMs of CNS as there are no specific clinical and radiological features. Type of VM has a bearing on management, prognosis, and risk of hemorrhage.
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Anatomic variations and developmental anomalies of the pancreas and pancreatic duct are often noticed as an incidental finding on imaging. However, knowledge of these variants may prove to be crucial during surgery as it may prevent unintentional ductal injury. We report a case of pancreatic divisum with codominant ventral duct mimicking double pancreatic ducts along with the elongated uncinate process of pancreas. It was picked incidentally on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) done to rule out cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. It is a rare anatomic variant and to the best of our knowledge has not been reported so far.
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CONTEXT: The bones of the hands and feet constitute more than half of the bones in the human skeleton (106/ 206), but lesions occurring in them are infrequently reported. Although many of the lesions that occur in the rest of the skeletal bones can occur in bones of the hands or feet, their distribution and frequency differ. OBJECTIVE: To study lesions involving bones of the hands or feet. DESIGN: Retrospective study of all lesions involving bones of the hands or feet during the period from January 2000 to September 2006 from a university hospital in southern India. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features were reviewed. RESULTS: The 50 lesions encountered included 23 (46.0%) infections/inflammatory lesions, 16 (32.0%) benign tumors, 6 (12.0%) malignant tumors, and 5 (10.0%) tumorlike lesions. Giant cell tumor was the most common benign tumor. Malignant tumors involved the nonphalangeal bones, with chondrosarcoma the most common. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions of the bones of the hands or feet are uncommon. Awareness and correlation of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features help in making correct diagnoses.
