Paraganglioma in pregnancy, a mimic of preeclampsia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The new presentation of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma in pregnancy is very rare and can be life-threatening for mother and child. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 26-year-old gravida 3 para 2 otherwise healthy Caucasian woman at 34 weeks gestation who presented with new onset hypertension associated with headaches, dry heaves, diaphoresis, and palpitations. She was initially diagnosed with preeclampsia and treated with labetalol and an urgent cesarean section, delivering a healthy baby girl. The diagnosis of preeclampsia came into question when, 6 weeks postpartum, she continued to have hypertension with atypical features. Testing revealed metastatic paraganglioma associated with a succinate dehydrogenase B gene mutation. The patient was then started on alpha-adrenergic blockade and has had close blood pressure monitoring while discussion of advances therapies is ongoing. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates how paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma can be misdiagnosed as preeclampsia due to the overlapping features of new-onset hypertension late in pregnancy accompanied by headache and proteinuria. It is impractical to routinely screen for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma in all pregnant patients diagnosed with preeclampsia due to the rarity of these tumors and the harm from high false-positive rates. Therefore, it is incumbent on the provider to have a high degree of suspicion for paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma when clinical features are unusual for preeclampsia, such as intermittent palpitations, diaphoresis, orthostatic hypotension, or hyperglycemia. Early detection of paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma with interventions to mitigate the risk of hypertensive crisis greatly reduce maternal and fetal mortality. Fortunately, our patient delivered a healthy baby and did not have any additional pregnancy complications despite the delay in her diagnosis.

The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing type 2 diabetes.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, have cardioprotective and renoprotective effects, and do not cause weight gain or significant hypoglycemia. In fact, they have been found to be effective for weight loss in patients with obesity with and without diabetes. They are now the preferred drugs to add to the regimen when oral metformin by itself is not enough to meet the patient's hemoglobin A1c goal.