Recovery of polarization entanglement in partially coherent photonic qubits.

Partially coherent photonic qubits, owing to their robustness in propagation through random media compared to fully coherent qubits, find applications in free-space communication, quantum imaging, and quantum sensing. However, the reduction of spatial coherence degrades entanglement in qubits, adversely affecting entanglement-based applications. We report the recovery of entanglement in the partially coherent photonic qubits generated using a spontaneous parametric downconversion process despite retaining their multimode nature. This study utilizes an electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) to perform coincidence measurements, eliminating the need for raster scanning of single-pixel detectors, which simplifies optical alignment, enhances precision, and reduces time consumption. We demonstrate that the size of apertures used to select biphotons substantially impacts the visibility and S-parameter of polarization-entangled partially coherent qubits. The entanglement is recovered with partial spatial coherence properties by choosing small sizes of the apertures in the captured image plane. This study could help in the advancement of free-space quantum communication, quantum imaging, and quantum metrology.

A heutagogical interactive tutorial involving Fishbowl with Fish Battle and Round Robin Brainstorming: A novel syndicate metacognitive learning strategy.

BACKGROUND: The increasing tutorial size poses every teacher with the problem of student attention and participation; hence, newer strategies are needed to engage adult learners into cooperative learning. This study aims to assess the knowledge gained and retained and perceptions of students using an interactive syndicate learning style tutorial vis-a-vis conventional tutorials. METHODS: A quasi-experimental crossover study was conducted wherein students of phase 1 MBBS physiology tutorials were divided into two batches (interactive tutorials involving learning Fishbowl with Fish Battle and Round Robin Brainstorming and conventional didactic tutorials), with 65 students in each over 3 days. In the interactive tutorial group, students were seated in 2 concentric circles, the inner circle engaged in Fish Battle (a seminar followed by rebuttal), whereas the remaining students belonged to the Round Robin Brainstorming (outer circle) group, wherein brainstorming using index cards was carried out and a mind map was prepared, followed by a summary. Both batches underwent the pre- and post-MCQ test followed by the crossover study the subsequent week. For testing retention, an Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) test was conducted after 3 weeks. In the end, 5 physiology tutorial modules were completed. RESULTS: There was a statistical improvement in the post-test scores (9.7%) gain in the Interactive Tutorial (IT) group as compared with the Conventional Tutorial (CT) group. Of the students, 56% retained the topics after undergoing IT compared with CT. Around (90%) students felt improved conceptual thinking, and 92% felt it encompassed active learning. CONCLUSION: Interactive tutorials involving such learning styles facilitate active self-determined learning, develop mutual interdependence, equal representation, and group dynamics as adult learners, and transform them into lifelong critical thinkers.