[Pathogenetic basis of modern approaches to the therapy of sleep disorders in the clinic of depression]. / Patogeneticheskie osnovy sovremennykh podkhodov v terapii narushenii sna v klinike depressii.

Epidemiological studies indicate that about 35% of the world's population periodically suffer from insomnia. Many authors in their studies note sleep disturbances in the clinic of both somatic and mental disorders, often considering sleep disturbances as one of the predictors of these diseases. In psychiatric practice, sleep disorders are most often described in the clinic of depression, which is determined by the general pathophysiological mechanisms of their development due to disruption of the activity of the main neurotransmitter systems of the brain. The results of clinical studies show that the drug of choice in the treatment of sleep disorders in the depression clinic is the antidepressant Mirtazapine, which has a unique profile of pharmacological activity. According to international recommendations, Mirtazapine is a first-line drug in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders with sleep disorders and sexual dysfunction caused by taking other antidepressants.

CLINICAL AND GENETIC FEATURES OF PERSONALIZED ANTIPSYCHOTIC THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA OF THE KAZAKH ETHNIC GROUP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN.

The problems of schizophrenia therapy occupy a leading place in both foreign and domestic clinical psychiatry. The paper presents the results of a study to identify reliable biomarkers for predicting antipsychotic therapy of patients with paranoid schizophrenia of the Kazakh ethnic group in the Republic of Kazakhstan, conducted within the framework of the project: "National program for the introduction of personalized and preventive medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan" IRN ОР12165486. The effectiveness and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to clinical treatment protocols are analyzed. Gender and age-specific dynamics in the clinic of paranoid schizophrenia in antipsychotic therapy in persons of Kazakh ethnicity are described. Certain genetic features of representatives of the Kazakh ethnic group have been identified, which can influence the effectiveness and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs, which determines the basis of an innovative approach to personalized therapy of paranoid schizophrenia in patients of the Kazakh ethnic group in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA OF THE KAZAKH ETHNIC GROUP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN.

The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients of the Kazakh ethnic group suffering from paranoid schizophrenia were studied in order to increase the efficiency of providing them with specialized psychiatric care in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of social and demographic characteristics of the examined group of 1200 patients of the Kazakh population with a clinically verified diagnosis: "Paranoid schizophrenia" (F20.0) in the period from 2021 to 2023 showed that these were mainly people of average working age (31-50 years - 55.59%), a significant part of whom, despite a fairly good level of education, were socially maladapted in family and household terms, more than 80% of them had a disability due to mental illness, which it may indicate the severity of the underlying mental disorder. The analysis of clinical characteristics (according to the PANSS scale) showed that in patients with a continuous type of paranoid schizophrenia, the severity of mental disorders (93.06 points) significantly exceeded the same indicator in patients with an episodic type of the disease (76.87 points), mainly due to the difference in the scale of general psychopathological symptoms. It is established that for people of the Kazakh ethnic group suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, concomitant narcological pathology is not characteristic.

GENETIC PREDICTORS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THEIR FEATURES IN INDIVIDUAL ETHNIC POPULATIONS (REVIEW ARTICLE).

The paper presents a review of current literature data on ongoing international studies to identify genetic predictors of schizophrenia, since heredity and family predisposition to schizophrenia have been known for several decades. New data on the interaction between genetic variants, epigenetic marks, including cross interaction between the processes of DNA methylation and histone modification, affecting the regulation of gene expression under the influence of the environment, are reflected. Particular attention is paid to studies devoted to identifying the features of genetic predictors of schizophrenia in certain ethnic populations, in particular in relation to persons of the Kazakh ethnic group in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study was carried out within the framework of the project: "National program for the introduction of personalized and preventive medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan" IRN OR12165486.

[THE ROLE OF ETHNOCULTURAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF SUICIDE BEHAVIOR IN PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS].

Study aim - research of ethnocultural features of social and clinical factors that shape suicidal behavior in patients with mental disorders and development on their basis of differentiated programs for the prevention of suicides The study of 550 patients with mental disorders with various forms of suicidal behavior. Study methods - clinical-psychopathological, clinical- catamnestic. experimental-psychological, mathematical-statistical. The study found that in the psychotic condition, regardless of the ethnicity of patients, the risk of suicidal behavior is associated with the severity and depth of psychotic experiences. Outside the psychotic conditions, suicidal behavior among the Kazakhs was more often due to the reactions of «call to attention and sympathy¼ and the reaction «significant loss¼, and the Slavs the reaction of «the protest¼ Motivation of suicidal behavior of persons with mental disorders depends on the share of participation in the mechanism of its formation intact sides of the personality with its inherent ethnoculturul characteristics. That allows us the development of differentiated approaches to diagnosis, therapy and prevention of suicidal behavior.

[Evaluation of changes in periodontal status of patients with diabetes mellitus type II in surgical in-patient department after using Parоdontax Extra Fresh toothpaste].

Inflammatory periodontal disease in patients with type II diabetes mellitus are characterized by a more severe course. Properly organized oral hygiene can effectively prevent and treat inflammation of periodontal tissues. The choice of therapeutic-prophylactic toothpaste, as one of the main means of personal hygiene, is especially important in patients with diabetes in surgical in-patient department. The study revealed high need in dental care (90%) in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus type II admitted to purulent surgery unit. After a week of using toothpaste Parоdontax Extra Fresh oral hygiene index improved 1.8 times and BOP index reduced twice-folds. Decrease of tissue swelling and tartar formation was also seen.

[Enzymes protecting the erythrocyte membrane during the combined exposure to an antioxidant complex and acute irradiation]. / Fermenty zashchity membran éritrotsitov pri sochetannom vvedenii antioksidantnogo kompleksa i ostrom obluchenii.

The data are presented concerning the effect of ionizing radiation on the hemolytic process and the influence of an antioxidant vitamin complex on the pentosephosphate metabolism and glutathione reductase activity after gamma-irradiation. The antioxidant vitamin complex has been shown to produce a favourable effect on the erythrocyte membrane stability in correcting the radiation-induced changes.

[Effect of metabolites on the activity of enzymes protecting the stability of the erythrocyte membrane in experimental decompression sickness]. / Vliianie metabolitov na aktivnost' fermentov, obespechivaiushchikh stabil'nost' membran éritrotsitov pri dekompressionnoi bolezni v éksperimente.

Metabolites have been studied for their effect (sodium succinate, thiamine, riboflavin) on the pentosophosphate pathways and glutathione reductase. The possible mechanisms of its influence on the membrane stability of erythrocytes in decompression disease are discussed.