Clinical and Demographic Predictor of the Advanced Stage of Carcinoma Cervix in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh.

Though cervical cancer is a preventable disease it is the most progressive and devastating diseases posing a threat of mortality for women of developing countries. Majority of the cases present to hospital at advanced stage when treatment is less feasible. Objective is to determine the factors associated with the advanced stage presentation to the hospital, socio-demographic factor, patterns of complications and histological types among patients with carcinoma cervix. This was an observational descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from 15 January to 27 September 2017. Women who were newly confirmed to have cervical cancer by histology were enrolled. Stages IIB and above was considered as advanced disease. The patients were interviewed face to face by the researcher for the purpose of collection of data. Then the patients were examined by the researcher for certain sings and those would be recorded in the check-list. Histopathological report was noted in data collection sheet. In this study data analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0. Total 66 clinically and histologically confirmed advanced ca-cervixes were taken up during this study. Most common stage was stage III, 49(74.2%) out of 66 population. Majority of female were found 34(51.5%) in age group 51-60. More than half of population 54(81.8%) were living with their husband and 12(18.1%) were widow at the time of study. High level of illiteracy among women and their problematic health seeking behavior for gynecological symptoms are responsible for advanced diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Isolation of Chemical Compounds and Essential Oil from Agrimonia asiatica Juz. and Their Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Activities.

Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. This genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia. Family Rosaceae-or pink eels-is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-ß-D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica. The essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. The essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be ß-selinene (36.370%), α-panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities.

Noise characterization of "effective quiet" areas on a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier.

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize noise levels in spaces designated as "effective quiet" areas on a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. Noise dosimetry samples were collected in 15 designated spaces, representing 15 noise measurements, while at-sea during airwing carrier qualifications. Equivalent sound level (Leq) measurements were collected during flight operations (Leq (flt ops)), non-flight operations (Leq (non-flt ops)), and over 24-hr periods (Leq (24-hr)). These data were compared to the 70 dBA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) Threshold Limit Value (TLV®) for "effective quiet" areas intended for temporary threshold shift recovery when personnel live and work in a potentially noise hazardous environment for periods greater than 24 hr. The monitored areas were selected based on personnel occupancy/use during off-duty time periods. Areas were classified by either (1) leisure areas that included mess (eating areas), gyms, lounges, an internet cafe, and the fantail social area or (2) berthing (sleeping) areas. The Leq measurements in decibels "A" weighted (dBA) were compared to determine significant differences between Leq (flt ops), Leq (non-flt ops), and Leq (24-hr) and were compared between leisure area and berthing area. Measured noise levels according to time period ranged as follows: (1) Leq (24-hr): 70.8-105.4 dBA; (2) Leq (flt ops): 70-101.2 dBA; and (3) Leq (non-flt ops): 39.4-104.6 dBA. All area measurements over the 24-hr period and during flight operations and 46.7% of the areas during the non-flight operation time period exceeded the "effective quiet" 70 dBA ACGIH TLV. Mean Leqs were 15 dBA higher during flight operations compared to non-flight operations in "effective quiet" areas (p = 0.001). The Leqs in leisure areas were significantly higher than berthing areas by approximately 21 dBA during non-flight operation periods (p = 0.001). Results suggest noise levels in "effective quiet" areas frequented by aircraft carrier personnel during off-duty hours when at-sea may inhibit auditory recovery from occupational noise exposures that occur on-duty.

Living at Work: 24-hour Noise Exposure Aboard US Navy Aircraft Carriers.

BACKGROUND: Personnel assigned to aircraft carriers are exposed to a variety of noise sources from equipment and flight deck operations for durations >12 h. Personnel work and live in environments where hazardous noise areas and hearing recovery spaces such as sleeping and relaxation areas are in proximity to one another which provides little recovery time from hazardous noise. This investigation describes noise levels measured over a 24-h period on a US Navy aircraft carrier during flight operations for different populations of aircraft carrier personnel. METHODS: Personal noise monitoring occurred from 23 to 28 January 2014 aboard a US Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier during a routine at-sea period. Fifty-nine study volunteers were assigned to similar exposure groups (SEGs). The SEGs were compared to determine which groups were at greatest risk of hazardous noise exposure. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 24 using an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Mean 24-h equivalent continuous sound levels Leq(24-h) and on-duty time weighted averages (TWA(on-duty)) ranged from 71 to 127 decibels A weighted (dBA). The 80 dBA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) for 24-h noise exposure was exceeded by 93% of the study volunteers. The 85 dBA ACGIH TLV and Department of Defense Occupational exposure limit for 8-h noise exposures was exceeded by 68% of the population. Leq(off-duty) ranged from 38 to 102 dBA with 61% of the population exceeding the 70 dBA ACGIH TLV classified as effective quiet to allow for temporary threshold shift recovery. SEG 2 Flight Deck Launch and Recovery had significantly higher 24-h noise exposures than SEG 3 Damage Control Maintenance and Repair (P = 0.01), SEG 5 Supply (P = 0.01), and SEG 7 Administrative/Professional (P = 0.009). Similar results were found for TWA(on-duty) noise exposures. Median TWA(on-duty) and Leq(24-h) for SEG 2 were 16-21 dB higher than SEG 3, 5, and 7. There were no significant differences between off-duty Leq noise exposures according to SEG. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: SEGs located on the flight deck (SEGs 1 and 2) and SEGs responsible for maintenance and repair activities (SEGs 3 and 4) supporting flight operations had the highest TWA(on-duty) and Leq(24-h). These findings raise serious concerns because high noise exposures both on- and off-duty may result in immediate acoustic trauma and development of temporary threshold shifts, which, if unresolved with auditory rest, may lead to permanent hearing loss.

[Changes in the thromboxane B2 level of the blood plasma following partial resection of the pancreas]. / Promiana v nivoto na tromboksan B2 v kruvnata plazma sled partsialna rezektsiia na pankreasa.

The present study was devoted to the still poorly exploited aspect of pancreas surgery, from a standpoint of postoperative divergences in the plasma prostaglandin level. Experiments were carried out with dogs. The authors apply proximal (right) resection of pancreas and eliminate the exocrine function of the remaining part by occlusion of the pancreatic canal. Radioimmunologic investigations were carried out by extraction method for determining the plasma thromboxane B2 level. Postoperative rise in TxB2 level was found. The authors apply modern drugs, proceeding from recent report in the literature about correction of this abnormality aimed at optimal re-establishment of the functions of the remaining pancreas after the operative intervention.

[The effect of pancreatic resection with occlusion of the pancreatic remnant on the morphology of the gastrointestinal system]. / Vliianieto na pankreatichnata rezektsiia s okluziia na pankreasniia ostatuk vurkhu morfologiiata na gastrointestinalnata sistema.

Modern scientific problems are discussed on some still moot aspects of resection surgery of the pancreas from viewpoint of the postoperative divergencies in all other organs of the gastrointestinal system. Experiments were carried out on dogs. Proximal (right) resection of the pancreas was applied and the endocrine function of the remaining part of the organ was eliminated by occlusion of the pancreatic canal. Histomorphologic studies were carried out on different organs of the gastrointestinal system, 4, 5 and 11 months after the pancreas resection. Serious abnormalities and interrelations were found between the glandular apparatus of the gastrointestinal organs and the pancreas resection. Histomorphological proof of the changes are adduced.

[Hormonal changes and cellular proliferation following partial resection of the pancreas]. / Khormonalni promeni i kletuchna proliferatsiia sled chastichna rezektsiia na pankreasa.

This study is an attempt to elucidate the histomorphologic changes in the different portions of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring after partial resection of the pancreas with occlusion of the canal of the pancreas that remains. Experiments were carried out on dogs. A number of gastrointestinal hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serious hormonal disturbances after operative intervention on the pancreas were found. The hormonal derangements following pancreatic surgery were attributed to histomorphologic changes in the digestive system.