RESUMEN
Purpose: To analyze the pattern of uveitis at two tertiary hospitals in South Africa which has a high prevalence of HIV, TB and syphilis. Methods: Data of 198 patients were obtained retrospectively between August 2014 and August 2016, including patient demographics, clinical examination, special investigations and final diagnosis. Results: Infectious uveitis was the most common aetiological category (47%), followed by idiopathic (34.8%) and non-infectious (18.2%). Syphilis was the most common identifiable cause (16.2%). Other important causes were toxoplasmosis, herpes viruses, tuberculosis and HLA-B27. HIV positive patients, who constituted 40% of the study population, were more likely to present with a posterior or panuveitis (relative risk 1.50, 95% CI 1.19-1.89) and more likely to have an infectious cause compared to HIV negative patients (relative risk 2.47, 95% CI 1.82-3.35). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of HIV testing and investigations for infectious causes of uveitis, especially syphilis, in this population.
Asunto(s)
Centros Médicos Académicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Uveítis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Queratitis Herpética/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Sífilis/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/epidemiología , Tuberculosis Ocular/epidemiología , Uveítis/microbiología , Uveítis/parasitología , Uveítis/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract: Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common and life-threatening complication of high-dose chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Induction chemotherapy may result in complete remission in approximately 50-70 of AML patients but is associated with an increased risk of infection due to immune suppression by the disease itself or as a result of treatment. Chemotherapy causes neutropenia as well as defective chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Chemotherapy-induced mucositis often occurs throughout the gastrointestinal tract; facilitating spread of endogenous flora to the blood circulation; leading to NF.The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of bacteraemic microorganisms isolated during episodes of NF (NFEs) in AML patients in the Haematology Unit of the Universitas Academic Complex (UAC); as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these organisms. Duration of NF; the time-span between chemotherapy and onset of NF; and the efficacy of antibiotics administered to patients; were also investigated