Testicular Mixed Teratoma and Yolk Sac Tumor, Prepubertal Type: A Case Report with Summary of Prior Published Cases.

BACKGROUND: Testicular mixed germ cell tumor is common in the post-pubertal age, less so in prepuberty. There are only 3 reports of prepubertal mixed teratoma and yolk sac tumor. Two of these cases had immature teratoma component and were in the neonatal age group. The third case in a toddler had a mature teratoma component. CASE REPORT: An 18-month-old boy presented with a testicular mass. Serum AFP was elevated (2200 ng/ml). The orchidectomy specimen contained a yolk-sac tumor and a small epidermoid cyst, indicating a mature teratomatous component. CONCLUSION: We report a testicular mixed teratoma and yolk sac tumor, prepubertal type along with summary of prior published cases. There is only one report describing this combination of mature teratoma with yolk sac tumor in the prepubertal testis.

Cytological features in pilomyxoid astrocytoma: A case report with summary of prior published cases.

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a subtype of pilocytic astrocytoma that is described as a grade 1 tumour in the 2022 WHO classification of central nervous system tumours. It occurs predominantly in the hypothalamic region in infants. Although the histological features of pilomyxoid astrocytomas are well documented, few reports are available in the literature regarding cytological findings. Here we describe the squash cytological features of a case of pilomyxoid astrocytoma along with a summary of prior published cases. Smears for this type of tumour tend to be more cellular, with piloid cells arranged in an angiocentric pattern without Rosenthal fibres or eosinophilic granular bodies. A blue myxoid substance may be present in the background.

Adrenal and Mesenteric Teratomas in Infants: Common Tumors in Uncommon Sites.

Teratomas are common tumors in children. The most common sites are gonads, however, several extragonadal sites are well known such as sacrococcygeal region, mediastinum, head and neck, stomach, and vagina. Occasionally, teratomas occur in unusual sites which pose diagnostic difficulties. Here, we describe two cases of infantile teratomas with unusual presentation. The first case was a 6-month-old girl who presented with a mass in the right side of the abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a solid-cystic mass in the right suprarenal region. The second was a 4-month-old boy who came with a huge abdominal mass. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a tumor arising from the jejunal mesentery. On microscopic examination, they were diagnosed as mature and immature teratoma, respectively. Although neuroblastoma is the most common infantile adrenal neoplasm, the possibility of teratoma should be considered for cystic adrenal lesions. Mesenteric teratoma can be difficult to distinguish radiologically from the more common lymphangioma; however, accurate diagnosis is important in view of long-term follow-up for teratomas because of the possibility of malignant transformation.

Infantile Myofibroma: A Series of 2 Cases with Special Reference to Cytological Features.

BackgroundInfantile myofibromas (IM) are benign soft tissue lesions of childhood and represent a significant portion of the benign spectrum of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors can be challenging because of overlapping morphology and limited case report descriptions. We describe the cytological features and the cytological differential diagnoses.Case reportWe describe cytological features of two IMs. The main features were the presence of loose clusters and dispersed bland myofibroblasts in varying stages of maturation with traversing blood vessels and myxoid stroma. The cells typically lacked features of atypia, mitoses and significant pleomorphism.ConclusionDiagnosis of IM on the basis of cytology alone can be tricky and definitive diagnosis should be made only after correlating the cytological features with histology. However, bland morphology of differentiating myofibroblasts can aid in cytological diagnosis and help to exclude other malignant spindle cells neoplasms needing preoperative chemotherapy.