RESUMEN
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a recognized potentially malignant oral condition linked to the consumption of areca nut. Chewing areca nut has been shown to elevate soluble copper levels in mouth fluids. Materials and Methods: Participants: The study included a panel of 30 patients with OSMF from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, India, and 30 nonareca chewing individuals serving as controls. Tissue Sample Collection and Analysis: Buccal mucosal biopsies were obtained from both OSMF patients and controls. The tissue copper concentrations were quantified using mass absorption spectrometry (MAS). Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was employed to identify the presence and distribution of copper in the tissue. Statistical Analysis: Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate methods, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: MAS analysis revealed that the mean tissue copper level was 6.2 ± 3.1 micrograms per gram (µg/g) in OSMF specimens (n = 30), slightly higher than the 4.5 ± 2.0 µg/g in the nonareca chewing controls (n = 30) (P = 0.1). EDX analysis showed distinct copper peaks in both the epithelium (22/23) and connective tissue (18/23) of OSMF specimens compared to control biopsies. These findings were corroborated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in a subset of samples. Conclusion: The study revealed higher copper concentrations in buccal mucosal tissue of OSMF patients from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, suggesting a potential connection between copper and the initiation of OSMF.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency increases gingivitis risk. Studies show that higher vitamin D levels reduce inflammation. Materials and Methods: College conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial on 451 people's vitamin D and gingival health at baseline. For three months, participants were given a placebo (group A), 1000 international units (IU) of vitamin D3 per day (group B), 500 IU per day (group C), or 2000 IU per day (group A). Gingival scores were recorded for three months to assess the anti-inflammatory effect (the first, second, and third). Vitamin D levels also affected gingivitis. Results: Vitamin D dose-dependently reduces gingivitis inflammation. Vitamin D administration negatively correlated with gingival index score. Anti-inflammatory vitamin D levels are 32-37 ng/ml. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation can reduce gingivitis severity. The optimal blood vitamin D level is 30-35 ng/ml.
