RESUMEN
Bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been shown to provide long-term clinical benefits over single internal mammary artery (SIMA) grafting. Nevertheless, the perceived technical complexity of the procedure and concerns about potential early postoperative complications, particularly, sternal wound infections, have led to a utilization rate of BIMA grafting of less than 5% in the United States. We systematically compared early (30-day) postoperative outcomes between the BIMA and SIMA cohorts in patients with similar baseline characteristics. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on matched patients, using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting to mitigate bias between the 2 study cohorts. From 546 patients who underwent off-pump CABG initially identified, we examined 328 BIMA and 213 SIMA grafts from the matched samples. Despite using 60.4% BIMA grafts, we observed similar rates of 30-day overall and cardiac mortality between the BIMA and SIMA groups. The rates of 30-day postoperative complications, including superficial and deep sternal wound infections, stroke, sepsis, acute kidney injury, and cardiac arrest, were similar between the 2 groups. The rates of 30-day overall and cardiac readmission were also similar. In addition, the median length of hospital stays, intensive care unit stay, and ventilation times were similar between the 2 groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that a BIMA utilization rate of 60.4% in off-pump CABG procedures is achievable without causing any significant increment in early postoperative complications, including deep sternal wound infection.
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria Off-Pump , Arterias Mamarias , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Puente de Arteria Coronaria Off-Pump/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arterias Mamarias/trasplante , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Bifid condyle is a rare developmental anomaly that results from an obstructed blood supply during its development. Bifid condyle is more often unilateral, although bilateral. A case of a bifid condyle is evaluated three-dimensionally in three orthogonal planes namely coronal, sagittal and axial sections. The etiology, clinical features, diagnostic, non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities of bifid condyle are discussed.
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A 65-year-old male was admitted for cardiogenic shock (ejection fraction: 15%) with severe aortic stenosis and regurgitation. He underwent emergency angiography and mechanical circulatory support. A multidisciplinary heart team discussed treatment options. Ultimately, he underwent successful emergency surgical aortic valve replacement with recovery on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Ear tags or accessory auricles are branchial cleft remnants that clinically appear as asymptomatic nodules or papules in the preauricular region. They occur in various syndromes affecting the first and branchial arches during embryogenesis. The presence of an ear tag can have a psychological impact on one's life due to its unesthetic appearance, thereby affecting their quality of life. Talon cusp usually occurs in the maxillary central or lateral incisor. A fissured tongue or cerebriform tongue is characterized by the presence of horizontal or vertical grooves, usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a developmental anomaly in which the lingual frenum is abnormally attached to the ventral surface of the tongue. It can cause difficulties in breastfeeding in infants and in the pronunciation of certain vowels in adults. The concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with the talon cusp in the mandibular second molar has not been reported in previous literature. We present a unique case of a 24-year-old non-syndromic individual with the concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with a rare clinical occurrence of talon cusp in the mandibular second molar, fissured tongue, and ankyloglossia.
RESUMEN
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the preferred intervention for patients with severe aortic stenosis and significant comorbidities. This technique can also be used for failed bioprosthetic valves and is known as the valve-in-valve (ViV) procedure. Placing TAVR in a small bioprosthesis (<23 mm) can lead to delayed dysfunction of the prosthetic valve. We present a case of a late explanted ViV 8 years post-initial aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting, and 3 years post-ViV procedure in a 76-year-old female. A video of the surgical procedure is provided.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Bioprótesis , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Anciano , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Femenino , Implantación de Prótesis de Válvulas Cardíacas/métodos , Humanos , Diseño de Prótesis , Reoperación , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study retrospectively reviewed results of simultaneous (SIM) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter and separate (SEP) IVC filter placement with open pulmonary thromboembolectomy (PTE) in pulmonary embolism and its clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2006 to May 2014, 23 patients (14 females and 9 males; median age 58 years; range, 21-88 years) underwent emergent PTE for submassive (12) or massive (11) pulmonary embolism (PE). All had a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan and echocardiography consistent with right ventricular (RV) strain. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass times and temperatures; chest tube outputs; length of stay; perioperative complications; and survival were compared between groups. RESULTS: There were 13 patients in the SIM group and 10 in the SEP group. PE consisted of 14 acute (60.9%) and nine acute on chronic (39.1%). There were seven deaths (30.4%). Median follow up was 44 days (range, 2-2204 days). Follow up was 81% complete in surviving patients. Actuarial survival at one and three years was 83% for the SIM group and 43% for the SEP group, respectively. There were no differences in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times and temperatures, chest tube outputs, or length of stay between groups. Using multivariable logistic regression, we found SIM was associated with increased survival (p=0.09). Further analysis showed patients >55 years in the SEP group were at significantly higher risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]=7.1:1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55, 32.5, p=0.011). CONCLUSION: IVC filter placement can be performed simultaneously and safely at PTE. Age >55 years and PTE with IVC filter placed separately were at significantly higher risk of death. A larger cohort is needed to evaluate efficacy of simultaneous IVC filter placement and PTE.
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Embolia Pulmonar , Filtros de Vena Cava , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Embolia Pulmonar/prevención & control , Embolia Pulmonar/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The Impella 5.5 with Smart Assist (Abiomed) is a life-saving treatment option in acute heart failure which utilizes a continuous heparin purge solution to prevent thrombosis. In patients with contraindications to heparin, alternative anticoagulation strategies are required. We describe the stepwise management of anticoagulation in a coagulopathic patient with persistent cardiogenic shock following a coronary artery bypass procedure who underwent Impella 5.5 placement. A direct thrombin inhibitor-based purge solution was utilized while evaluating for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The use of a novel bicarbonate-based purge solution (BBPS) was successfully used due to severe coagulopathy. There were no episodes of pump thrombosis or episodes of severe bleeding on the BBPS and systemic effects of alkalosis and hypernatremia were minimal.
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Bicarbonatos , Corazón Auxiliar , Anticoagulantes , Bicarbonatos/farmacología , Coagulación Sanguínea , Heparina , Humanos , Choque Cardiogénico/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We report a case of Impella 5.5-assisted off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. The Impella 5.5 was placed in the left ventricle during the emergent procedure, and an off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was successfully performed with exposure of all three walls of the heart. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of off-pump coronary revascularization in three-vessel disease in a patient assisted with an Impella 5.5 percutaneous left ventricular assist device without displacement of the device during the entire perioperative period.
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria Off-Pump , Corazón Auxiliar , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/cirugía , Choque Cardiogénico/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We present a complication following the deployment of the MANTA vascular closure device (VCD) following a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure which resulted in occlusion of the common femoral artery. AIMS: To address possible complications associated with MANTA VCD. RESULTS: This was addressed by ballooning the site from the contralateral side which re-established flow. CONCLUSION: We believe this is the first report to address this kind of complication and may prove useful as more of the MANTA devices are being used in multiple procedures.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/etiología , Arteria Femoral , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Dispositivos de Cierre Vascular/efectos adversos , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies might be more susceptible to COVID-19. Conversely, an exaggerated inflammatory response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection might be blunted by certain forms of immunosuppression, which could be protective. Indeed, there are data from animal models demonstrating that complement may be a part of the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections. There is also evidence from an autopsy series demonstrating complement deposition in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. This raises the question of whether patients on anti-complement therapy could be protected from COVID-19. CASE REPORT Case 1 is a 39-year-old woman with an approximately 20-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), who had recently been switched from treatment with eculizumab to ravulizumab prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 2 is a 54-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal transplant for lupus nephritis, complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, who was maintained on eculizumab, which she started several months before she developed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 3 is a 60-year-old woman with a 14-year history of PNH, who had been treated with eculizumab since 2012, and was diagnosed with COVID-19 at the time of her scheduled infusion. All 3 patients had a relatively mild course of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS We see no evidence of increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in these patients on anti-complement therapy, which might actually have accounted for the mild course of infection. The effect of anti-complement therapy on COVID-19 disease needs to be determined in clinical trials.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Complemento C5/metabolismo , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Hemoglobinuria Paroxística/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Microangiopatías Trombóticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Complemento C5/efectos de los fármacos , Complemento C5/inmunología , Inactivadores del Complemento/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Femenino , Hemoglobinuria Paroxística/complicaciones , Hemoglobinuria Paroxística/inmunología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Microangiopatías Trombóticas/complicaciones , Microangiopatías Trombóticas/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentación , Remoción de Dispositivos/métodos , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/complicaciones , Choque Cardiogénico/cirugía , Dispositivos de Cierre Vascular , Anciano , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Cateterismo Periférico/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/métodos , Remoción de Dispositivos/efectos adversos , Remoción de Dispositivos/instrumentación , Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea/instrumentación , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Choque Cardiogénico/tratamiento farmacológico , Choque Cardiogénico/etiología , Volumen SistólicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Anomalous left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus (ALCA) is a known cause of sudden death. Surgical correction is recommended for all patients with interarterial course. We describe two patients who underwent surgical correction through an off pump- minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) approach with good short- and mid-term results.
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Puente de Arteria Coronaria/métodos , Seno Coronario/anomalías , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Angiografía Coronaria , Seno Coronario/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Coronario/cirugía , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico , Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reportedly exist in a vascular niche occupying the outer adventitial layer. However, these cells have not been well characterized in vivo in medium- and large-sized arteries in humans, and their potential pathological role is unknown. To address this, healthy and diseased arterial tissues were obtained as surplus surgical specimens and freshly processed. We identified that CD90 marks a rare adventitial population that co-expresses MSC markers including PDGFRα, CD44, CD73, and CD105. However, unlike CD90, these additional markers were widely expressed by other cells. Human adventitial CD90+ cells fulfilled standard MSC criteria, including plastic adherence, spindle morphology, passage ability, colony formation, and differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Phenotypic and transcriptomic profiling, as well as adoptive transfer experiments, revealed a potential role in vascular disease pathogenesis, with the transcriptomic disease signature of these cells being represented in an aortic regulatory gene network that is operative in atherosclerosis.
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Arterias/embriología , Arterias/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Antígenos Thy-1/genética , Biomarcadores , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Isquemia/etiología , Isquemia/metabolismo , Neovascularización Fisiológica/genética , Antígenos Thy-1/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the coronary SYNTAX score with the degree of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: A total of 152 patients (mean age 65 years, 66% male) were analyzed who underwent isolated CABG with both SYNTAX score and the intraoperative 5-point scale grading of the severity of atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta available. The patient were stratified into low, intermediate, and high SYNTAX score groups [≤22 (n=36), 22-33 (n=42), and ≥33 (n=76)]. RESULTS: The mean SYNTAX score was 31±11. Patient demographics and comorbidity were comparable in each group. The prevalence of severe atherosclerosis (Grade ≥III) in the ascending aorta was 17.5% (n=27) in the whole population and was different in each group with higher prevalence in higher score groups (8.3% vs. 9.5% vs. 26.3%, P=0.018). After adjusting for age, sex and other relevant comorbidity, SYNTAX score remained a predictor of severe atherosclerosis [adjusted OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62, P=0.046 (per 10 point increase); adjusted OR 5.20, 95% CI: 1.15-23.5, P=0.032 (high vs. low score)]. CONCLUSIONS: SYNTAX score was associated with the severity of atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta. Patients with high scores have a 5 times higher chance of severe disease compared to patients with low scores and should warrant preoperative and intraoperative comprehensive assessment of the ascending aorta.
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Surgical pulmonary embolectomy is one of the treatment options for massive pulmonary embolism. At our institute, we have recently adopted a strategy of video assistance for better visualization and clearance of distal pulmonary emboli. Here, we describe our experience.
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Embolectomía/métodos , Embolia Pulmonar , Cirugía Asistida por Video/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Embolia Pulmonar/cirugía , EsternotomíaRESUMEN
Only one case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus diagnosed and treated during pregnancy has been reported in the literature. In that report, the tumor thrombus extended to the infrahepatic IVC (level II tumor thrombus). In the present case, a 37-year-old woman with lupus anticoagulant antibodies was diagnosed with RCC and IVC tumor thrombus extending to the right atrium (level IV tumor thrombus) at 24 weeks of pregnancy. The fetus was safely delivered by cesarean section at 30 weeks of gestation. At 4 days later, an open right radical nephrectomy and IVC and right atrial thrombectomy were performed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) once the patient's hemodynamic status had been optimized. Fetal and maternal concerns included the risk of a thromboembolic event (due to increased hypercoagulability from pregnancy, active malignancy, and lupus anticoagulant), intraoperative hemorrhage risk (due to extensive venous collaterals and anticoagulation), and fetal morbidity and mortality (due to fetal lung immaturity). Standardized guidelines for treatment of RCC with or without IVC tumor thrombus during pregnancy are unavailable due to the infrequency of such cases. Treatment decisions are therefore individualized and this case report may inform the management of future patients diagnosed with RCC with level IV tumor thrombus during pregnancy.
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare clinical entity that occurs in a small subset of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) cases and is surgically cured by pulmonary endarterectomy. We report a case of a 44-year-old female with a complex history of CTEPH treated by thromboendarterectomy who presented with a subdural hematoma while on warfarin. The patient eventually recovered by a multidisciplinary approach, use of inferior vena caval filter, and effective anticoagulation management.
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The cell-surface receptor ST2L triggers cytokine release by immune cells upon exposure to its ligand IL-33. To study the effect of ST2L-dependent signaling in different cell types, we generated antagonist antibodies that bind different receptor domains. We sought to characterize their activities in vitro using both transfected cells as well as basophil and mast cell lines that endogenously express the ST2L receptor. We found that antibodies binding Domain 1 versus Domain 3 of ST2L differentially impacted IL-33-induced cytokine release by mast cells but not the basophilic cell line. Analysis of gene expression in each cell type in the presence and absence of the Domain 1 and Domain 3 mAbs revealed distinct signaling pathways triggered in response to IL-33 as well as to each anti-ST2L antibody. We concluded that perturbing the ST2L/IL-33/IL-1RAcP complex using antibodies directed to different domains of ST2L have a cell-type-specific impact on cytokine release, and may indicate the association of additional receptors to the ST2L/IL-33/IL-1RAcP complex in mast cells.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Basófilos/inmunología , Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína 1 Similar al Receptor de Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Mastocitos/inmunología , Animales , Basófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Basófilos/metabolismo , Degranulación de la Célula/inmunología , Línea Celular , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Proteína 1 Similar al Receptor de Interleucina-1/inmunología , Interleucina-33/inmunología , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Dominios Proteicos , Proteínas Recombinantes , Resonancia por Plasmón de Superficie , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
The incidence of esophageal cancer has been steadily increasing in the United States over the past 25 years. Even with standardized surgical techniques, esophagectomy is a complex, multi-phase operation with a wide range of possible complications. The Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy is a commonly used technique where the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) becomes the sole source of blood to the stomach. We describe a case of accidental transection of the RGEA which was then re-anastomosed followed by successful use of the gastric conduit. After an acceptable outcome, we suggest that in selected cases anastomosis of the RGEA should be considered.