Lipid profile in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma - A prognostic view.

Introduction: Lipids play an important role in the maintenance of cell integrity. Various tobacco-associated products are known to induce the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, responsible for the high rate of oxidation/peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These further release peroxide radicals, causing increased utilization of lipids leading to hypolipidemia. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the lipid profile pattern of patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with healthy controls. Material and Methods: The study included 90 subjects with 30 OPMDs, 30 OSCC and 30 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected from subjects and were analysed for serum lipids, including the following: i) Total cholesterol (TC) ii) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) iii) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) iv) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) v) Triglycerides (TG) vi) CHO/HDL ratio by using semi auto analyser. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical tests used were the independent t-test, ANOVA test. A P value of <0.05 and <0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: A statistically significant decrease in serum TC, LDL and CHO/HDL ratio was observed among OPMD and OSCC groups than controls, whereas a significant decrease in serum VLDL and TG (p value <0.01) in poorly differentiated OSCC was seen. Conclusion: The study shows an association between lipid variations and OPMD and OSCC. Low levels of lipids could be due to the rapidly dividing cells in premalignancies and malignancies utilizing them for new membrane biogenesis. Thus, lower lipid status may be a useful indicator for initial changes happening in neoplastic cells.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer - An Overview.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease that based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) is estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative. TNBC is typically observed in young AA women and Hispanic women who carry a mutation in the BRCA1 gene. TNBC is characterized by a distinct molecular profile, aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies. The purpose of this article is to review the current and future novel signalling pathways as therapeutic approaches to TNBC. Recent Identification of a new BRCA1 trafficking pathway holds promise in the future for the development of targeted therapies for TNBC.