RESUMEN
While the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk classification reliably predicts outcomes in younger patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, it is unclear whether it applies to adults ≥ 60 years treated with lower-intensity treatment (LIT). We aimed to test the prognostic impact of ELN risk in patients with newly diagnosed (ND) AML ≥ 60 years given LIT and to further refine risk stratification for these patients. A total of 595 patients were included: 11% had favorable-risk, 11% had intermediate-risk, and 78% had adverse-risk AML as defined by ELN. ELN risk was prognostic for overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) but did not stratify favorable-risk from intermediate-risk (P=0.71). Within adverse-risk AML, the impact of additional molecular abnormalities was further evaluated. Multivariable analysis was performed on a training set (N=316) and identified IDH2 mutation as an independent favorable prognostic factor, and KRAS, MLL2, and TP53 mutations as unfavorable (P<0.05). A "mutation-score" was calculated for each combination of these mutations, assigning adverse-risk patients into two risk groups: -1 to 0 points ("Beat-AML-intermediate") vs 1+ points ("Beat-AML-adverse"). In the final refined risk classification, the ELN favorable- and intermediate-risk groups were combined into a newly defined "Beat-AML-favorable-risk", in addition to mutation scoring within the ELN adverse-risk. This approach redefines risk for older ND AML and proposes refined Beat-AML-favorable- (22%), Beat-AML-intermediate- (41%), and Beat-AML-adverse-risk (37%) groups with improved discrimination for OS (2-year OS: 48% vs 33% vs 11%, respectively, P<0.001; C-index: 0.60 vs 0.55 for ELN), providing patients and providers additional information for treatment decision-making.
RESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients has a poor prognosis, low complete remission (CR) rates, and poor overall survival (OS). Preclinical studies have shown synergistic effects of epigenetic priming with hypomethylating agents followed by cytarabine. Based on these data, we hypothesized that an induction regimen using epigenetic priming with decitabine, followed by cytarabine would be effective and safe in older patients with previously untreated AML. Here, we conducted a phase 2 trial in which older patients with previously untreated AML received an induction regimen consisting of 1 or 2 courses of decitabine 20 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) for 5 days followed by cytarabine 100 mg/m2 continuous IV infusion for 5 days. Forty-four patients (median age 76 years) were enrolled, and CR/CRi was achieved by 26 patients (59% of all patients, 66.7% of evaluable patients). Fourteen of 21 (66.7%) patients with adverse cytogenetics achieved CR including six out of seven evaluable patients with TP53 mutations. The 4- and 8-week mortality rates were 2.3% and 9.1%, respectively, with median OS of 10.7 months. These results suggest epigenetic priming with decitabine followed by cytarabine should be considered as an option for first-line therapy in older patients with AML. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT01829503.
Asunto(s)
Citarabina , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Anciano , Humanos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Decitabina , Epigénesis Genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Inducción de Remisión , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations or a complex karyotype have a poor prognosis, and hypomethylating agents are often used. The authors evaluated the efficacy of entospletinib, an oral inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, combined with decitabine in this patient population. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, phase 2 substudy of the Beat AML Master Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03013998) using a Simon two-stage design. Eligible patients aged 60 years or older who had newly diagnosed AML with mutations in TP53 with or without a complex karyotype (cohort A; n = 45) or had a complex karyotype without TP53 mutation (cohort B; n = 13) received entospletinib 400 mg twice daily with decitabine 20 mg/m2 on days 1-10 every 28 days for up to three induction cycles, followed by up to 11 consolidation cycles, in which decitabine was reduced to days 1-5. Entospletinib maintenance was given for up to 2 years. The primary end point was complete remission (CR) and CR with hematologic improvement by up to six cycles of therapy. RESULTS: The composite CR rates for cohorts A and B were 13.3% (95% confidence interval, 5.1%-26.8%) and 30.8% (95% confidence interval, 9.1%-61.4%), respectively. The median duration of response was 7.6 and 8.2 months, respectively, and the median overall survival was 6.5 and 11.5 months, respectively. The study was stopped because the futility boundary was crossed in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of entospletinib and decitabine demonstrated activity and was acceptably tolerated in this patient population; however, the CR rates were low, and overall survival was short. Novel treatment strategies for older patients with TP53 mutations and complex karyotype remain an urgent need.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor , Humanos , Decitabina , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Cariotipo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversosAsunto(s)
Quimioterapia de Inducción , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Nomogramas , Citogenética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Análisis Citogenético , Mutación , Pronóstico , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Complications associated with CVCs are frequently encountered and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Prospective studies investigating and comparing complications of different types of CVCs in AML patients and their effects on the quality of life are limited. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study and evaluated the complications associated with the use of CVCs in adult AML patients during induction chemotherapy and evaluated quality of life outcomes as reported by the patients during and after their hospitalization. RESULTS: Fifty newly diagnosed patients with AML (median age, 59 years) who received intensive induction chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. Twenty-nine patients (58%) had a peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) placed and 21 (42%) patients received a Hickmann tunneled central catheter (TCC). Three percent of cases developed catheter-related thrombosis in PICCs and no thrombosis in TCCs. Catheter-related bloodstream infection was diagnosed in 8% of patients. CVC occlusion occurred in 44 patients (88%). The total number of occlusion events was 128; 97% of patients with PICCs and 76% of patients with TCCs (p = 0.003). All patients reported that the use of CVC simplified their course of treatment. Most patients reported similar restrictions in activity associated with TCCs and PICCs. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infections remain important complications of CVCs in AML patients. Occlusion rates were higher with the use of PICCs and the use of CVCs impacted the quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateterismo Periférico , Catéteres Venosos Centrales , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Adulto , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/epidemiología , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/efectos adversos , Catéteres Venosos Centrales/efectos adversos , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Inducción , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Neoplasias del Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Nervio Óptico/secundario , Nervio Óptico/patología , Neuritis Óptica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antígenos CD/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Neoplasias del Nervio Óptico/patologíaRESUMEN
Leukemia relapse 5 years after achieving first complete remission (CR1) is uncommon in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of AML patients with late relapse at our institution and reviewed the literature for these patients. The study cohort consisted of nine AML patients with late relapse. The median interval between CR1 and AML relapse was 6.1 years (range: 5.116.2 years). At relapse, the karyotype was different from the initial AML diagnosis in 50% of patients. At the time of AML relapse, seven patients received induction chemotherapy and two patients received hypomethylating agents with an overall CR rate of 66%. The median time to relapse after achieving second CR (CR2) was 16.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.4, NA]. The median overall survival after first relapse was 28.6 months (95% CI: 7.3, 3.466.5 months). Despite initial CR after reinduction therapy, relapse rates are still high, suggesting that alternative strategies for postremission therapies are warranted in CR2. These approaches include the use of allogeneic hematogenic cell transplantation and the use of newly approved AML agents as maintenance therapy in nontransplant eligible patients.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Cohortes , Decitabina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Inducción de Remisión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Trasplante Homólogo/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Src family kinases (SFKs) are hyperactivated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). SFKs impede the retinoic acid receptor, and SFK inhibitors enhance all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated cellular differentiation in AML cell lines and primary blasts. To translate these findings into the clinic, we undertook a phase-I dose-escalation study of the combination of the SFK inhibitor dasatinib and ATRA in patients with high-risk myeloid neoplasms. Nine subjects were enrolled: six received 70 mg dasatinib plus 45 mg/m2 ATRA daily, and three received 100 mg dasatinib plus 45 mg/m2 ATRA daily for 28 days. Headache and QTc prolongations were the only two grade 3 adverse events observed. No significant clinical responses were observed. We conclude that the combination of 70 mg dasatinib and 45 mg/m2 ATRA daily is safe with acceptable toxicity. Our results provide the safety profile for further investigations into the clinical efficacy of this combination therapy in myeloid malignancies.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mieloide/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacocinética , Dasatinib/administración & dosificación , Dasatinib/efectos adversos , Dasatinib/farmacocinética , Esquema de Medicación , Cefalea/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide/patología , Síndrome de QT Prolongado/inducido químicamente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tretinoina/administración & dosificación , Tretinoina/efectos adversos , Tretinoina/farmacocinética , Familia-src Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Familia-src Quinasas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Translocación Genética , Tretinoina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Secuencia de Bases , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 1 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patología , Masculino , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Factores de Transcripción , Células Tumorales CultivadasAsunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia de Inducción , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AIMS: Activated NK cells (aNK) generated by expansion of a human interleukin-2-dependent NK cell line (NK-92) were shown to mediate strong anti-leukemia activity. This phase 1 study evaluated feasibility, safety, and activity of aNK cells adoptively transferred to patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, effects of these aNK cells on the patient's immune system were evaluated. METHODS: Two cell-dose levels (1 × 109 cells/m2 and 3 × 109 cells/m2) were used. One treatment course consisted of two infusions of the same cell dose, each cell infusion delivered 24 h apart. The aNK cells were administered in the outpatient setting. RESULTS: Seven patients with refractory/relapsed AML were treated with a total of 20 aNK cell infusions. None of the 7 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities during the aNK cell administration or during 21 days of the post-infusion observation period. No grade 3-4 toxicities (probable or definite) related to aNK cell infusions occurred. Activity was transient in 3 of 7 patients. No significant changes in the patient's lymphocyte counts, subsets frequency, phenotype or activity were observed post-infusion. Cell dose-dependent effects in the plasma levels of several cytokines were observed. DISCUSSION: The trial demonstrated the safety and feasibility of adoptive cell therapy with "off-the-shelf" aNK cells in patients with refractory/relapsed AML. These data provide the foundation for future combination immunotherapy trials and for the optimization of aNK cell based therapies in patients with AML.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Células Asesinas Naturales/trasplante , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trasplante de Células/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células/métodos , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/efectos adversos , Interleucina-2/farmacología , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk for subsequent cancer including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Treatment of AML following solid transplantation represents a clinical challenge as most patients have significant comorbidities at the time of AML diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the treatment and outcomes of patients who developed AML following solid organ transplantation at our institution and reviewed the literature on outcomes for these patients. The study cohort consisted of 14 patients (median age 66 years, range 52-77 years) with newly diagnosed AML following solid organ transplantation. The median interval time between solid organ transplantation and AML diagnosis was 72 months (range 15-368 months). Seven patients received standard induction chemotherapy, four patients received intermediate type therapy, and the remaining three patients were deemed not fit for therapy and received palliative and supportive care. Six of the 11 treated patients (55%) achieved complete remission (CR). The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 6 months. The median OS for the patients who achieved complete remission after therapy was 17 months and 2 months for the remaining patients. Despite initial CR, relapse rates are still high, suggesting that alternative strategies for post-remission therapies are warranted.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/etiología , Trasplante de Órganos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Hyperleukocytosis is present in 5 to 20 percent of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The management of hyperleukocytosis, when symptoms of leukostasis occur, includes intensive supportive care and interventions for rapid cytoreduction. Leukapheresis is a rapid and effective means of cytoreduction and has been used in AML patients. In the current study, we evaluated the outcomes of 68 newly diagnosed AML patients that underwent leukapheresis and the effects of leukapheresis on various laboratory parameters. A total of 127 leukapheresis cycles were performed. The median number of leukapheresis cycles was 2 (range, 1-8). The overall survival for all patients was 4.2 months (95% CI 1.2-9.7 months). The median overall survival for patients who achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy was significantly higher (19.1 months [95% CI 12.1-41.8 months]) than patients that did not achieve complete remission (0.46 months [95% CI 0.33-0.99 months]). Stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that elevated number of peripheral blasts, low platelet count and elevated bilirubin at AML diagnosis were predictive of death within a week. Leukapheresis was effective in reducing the peripheral blood leukocytes and leukemia blasts and was a safe procedure with regard to organ function, coagulation parameters, red blood cells and platelet count. The high initial response rates in newly diagnosed AML patients fit to receive intensive chemotherapy suggest that leukapheresis could be beneficial in reducing the complications associated with hyperleukocytosis until systemic intensive chemotherapy commences.
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Crisis Blástica/mortalidad , Crisis Blástica/terapia , Leucaféresis , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Crisis Blástica/sangre , Crisis Blástica/diagnóstico , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a major therapeutic challenge. Achieving complete remission (CR) with salvage chemotherapy is the first goal of therapy for relapsed AML. However, there is no standard salvage chemotherapy. The current study evaluated outcomes and prognostic factors for achievement of CR in 91 AML patients in first relapse who were treated with the mitoxantrone-etoposide combination regimen. The overall response rate (CR and CRi) was 25%. Factors that were associated with a lower rate of CR included older age, shorter duration of first CR, low hemoglobin, and low platelet count. The median overall survival for all patients was 7.4 months. The survival of patients who achieved CR and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) was higher than those who achieved CR and did not undergo allo-HCT (35.3 months vs. 16.8 months, p = 0.057). The median duration of relapse-free survival was 12.7 months in the patients achieving CR. Older age at the time of AML relapse was associated with worse overall survival. The all-cause 4-week mortality rate was 4%, and the all-cause 8-week mortality rate was 13%. The findings of this study underscore the need for newer therapies, especially those that will improve the ability for patients with relapsed AML to achieve CR and to allow them to receive additional therapies.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Análisis Citogenético , Etopósido/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mitoxantrona/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The variant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) translocation t(5;17)(q35;q21) fuses the N-terminus of nucleophosmin (NPM1) to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). We found that ectopic NPM1-RARA expression decreased TP53 protein levels in target cells. NPM1-RARA impaired TP53-dependent transcription. Cells expressing NPM1-RARA were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli. This work identifies the TP53 tumor suppressor as a novel target through which NPM1-RARA impacts leukemogenesis, and confirms the importance of impairment of TP53 in establishment of the APL phenotype.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/patología , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Células COS , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 5/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Nucleofosmina , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Translocación Genética , Células U937Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 15 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/mortalidad , Translocación Genética , Médula Ósea/patología , Puntos de Rotura del Cromosoma , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/genética , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , PronósticoRESUMEN
The t(5;17) variant of acute promeylocytic leukemia (APL) expresses a fusion of nucleophosmin (NPM) with the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). We have previously shown that NPM-RAR is a binding partner of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type-I-associated DEATH domain protein, TRADD. Binding of TNF to its receptor, TNF-R, induces recruitment of TRADD, and subsequent recruitment of a cascade of proteins that ultimate activate caspase 3, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We have previously shown that NPM-RAR interaction with TRADD blocks TNF activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and, ultimately, apoptosis. We now report that NPM-RAR expression is permissive for TNF activation of NFκB and JNK. We propose that inhibition of TNF activation of apoptosis, while preserving TNF activation of NFκB and JNK pathways that stimulate cell growth and survival, represents a novel mechanism through which NPM-RAR contributes to development of the leukemic phenotype.
Asunto(s)
Caspasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusión Oncogénica/metabolismo , Proteína de Dominio de Muerte Asociada a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Unión Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a major therapeutic challenge in the elderly. Because of the high treatment-related mortality and poor overall outcomes of remission induction therapy, many older patients are not considered candidates for intensive chemotherapy. The current study evaluated prognostic factors for achievement of complete remission (CR) in newly diagnosed elderly AML patients who were treated with initial intensive chemotherapy. The study included 62 newly diagnosed AML patients ≥ 70 years who were treated with intensive chemotherapy. The overall response rate (CR and CRp) was 56%. Patients with favorable or intermediate cytogenetics (p=0.0036) as well as those with primary AML (p=0.0212) had a higher response rate. The median overall survival for all patients was 6.85 months (95% CI 3.7-13.5 months). The median overall survival for patients achieving remission after intensive induction chemotherapy was significantly higher than those who did not respond to therapy (20.4 months vs. 3.5 months, p<0.001). The all-cause 4-week mortality rate was 11%, and the all-cause 8-week mortality rate was 17.7%. A subgroup of elderly patients may benefit more from initial intensive induction chemotherapy, specifically those patients with performance status able to tolerate induction chemotherapy and favorable cytogenetic status. However, despite high rates of initial CR, relapse rates are still high, suggesting that alternative strategies of postremission therapy are warranted.