Update on the utility of en face optical coherence tomography in the assessment of vitreoretinal diseases.

En face optical coherence tomography (EF-OCT) is a rapid, non-invasive, high-resolution imaging technique that has evolved in recent years to be a routine examination for the assessment and follow-up of various vitreoretinal diseases. With the introduction of swept-source OCT (SS-OCT), which can achieve up to 100,000 A-scans per second and better-quality imaging of deeper structures using a longer wavelength (1050nm), EF-OCT reconstruction can produce high-resolution frontal images of the retina and choroid (C-Scans) that give an overview of disease extent. These images allow a more accurate study of vitreoretinal interface pathologies such as epiretinal membranes, macular holes, and vitreomacular traction. They also provide key information in the study of various retinal vascular diseases and the differential diagnosis of cystic macular edema. EF-OCT provides valuable information about the severity of vitreoretinal interface alterations and precisely assesses the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature in pachychoroid disorders. Finally, this technique provides valuable information about atrophic and neovascular age-related macular degeneration and various uveitic entities. This review aims to describe the current clinical applications of EF-OCT in various vitreoretinal diseases as well as the latest findings and future perspectives.

Bilateral solar maculopathy in a patient with bipolar disorder.

A case of solar maculopathy is described in a 36-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder. The patient reported directly looking at the sun for several hours in the setting of a bipolar disorder decompensation. The visual acuity was 0.3 in both eyes (BE). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment were normal. In the fundus exam, a peri-macular halo with loss of the foveolar reflex was observed in BE. The macular optical coherence tomography revealed a disruption of the ellipsoid line and the retinal pigment epithelium. Bilateral central defects were seen in the Humphrey 24-2 visual field. After 6 months of follow-up, the visual clinical picture remains stable with the same degree of visual acuity. Solar maculopathy is a disorder due to the phototoxic effects of radiation, which cause a decrease in visual acuity by disrupting the retinal photoreceptor layer.

Maculopatía solar bilateral en un paciente con trastorno bipolar / Bilateral solar maculopathy in a patient with bipolar disorder

Se describe el caso clínico de un varón de 36 años, con antecedentes de trastorno bipolar, que fue diagnosticado de maculopatía solar en ambos ojos (AO). El paciente refería visión directa del sol, mantenida y en múltiples ocasiones, coincidiendo con descompensación del trastorno bipolar. En la exploración oftalmológica completa presentaba una agudeza visual de 0,3 en AO, con presión intraocular y biomicroscopia normales. En el fondo de ojo se objetivó un halo perimacular con pérdida del reflejo foveolar en AO. En la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular se halló una disrupción de la línea de elipsoides y del epitelio pigmentario de la retina de AO y en la campimetría visual defectos centrales en AO. Tras 6 meses de seguimiento, la clínica visual continúa estable con el mismo grado de agudeza visual. La maculopatía solar es una afectación debida a los efectos fototóxicos de la radiación por exposición directa al sol que cursa con disminución de la agudeza visual, siendo característica en la tomografía de coherencia óptica la disrupción en la capa de fotorreceptores (AU)

A case of solar maculopathy is described in a 36-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder. The patient reported directly looking at the sun for several hours in the setting of a bipolar disorder decompensation. The visual acuity was 0.3 in both eyes (BE). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment were normal. In the fundus exam, a peri-macular halo with loss of the foveolar reflex was observed in BE. The macular optical coherence tomography revealed a disruption of the ellipsoid line and the retinal pigment epithelium. Bilateral central defects were seen in the Humphrey 24-2 visual field. After 6 months of follow-up, the visual clinical picture remains stable with the same degree of visual acuity. Solar maculopathy is a disorder due to the phototoxic effects of radiation, which cause a decrease in visual acuity by disrupting the retinal photoreceptor layer (AU)

Bilateral solar maculopathy in a patient with bipolar disorder. / Maculopatía solar bilateral en un paciente con trastorno bipolar.

A case of solar maculopathy is described in a 36-year-old man with a history of bipolar disorder. The patient reported directly looking at the sun for several hours in the setting of a bipolar disorder decompensation. The visual acuity was 0.3 in both eyes (BE). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment were normal. In the fundus exam, a peri-macular halo with loss of the foveolar reflex was observed in BE. The macular optical coherence tomography revealed a disruption of the ellipsoid line and the retinal pigment epithelium. Bilateral central defects were seen in the Humphrey 24-2 visual field. After 6 months of follow-up, the visual clinical picture remains stable with the same degree of visual acuity. Solar maculopathy is a disorder due to the phototoxic effects of radiation, which cause a decrease in visual acuity by disrupting the retinal photoreceptor layer.

Angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica en el diagnóstico del síndrome de Susac / Optical coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis of Susac síndrome

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