The Impact of Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease in Shenyang, China.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the overall impact of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 on the admission of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: We collected data on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease admissions from two hospitals in Shenyang Liaoning, China from Jan 2014 to Dec 2017, as well as daily measurements of six pollutants at 11 sites in Shenyang. The generalized additive model was used to assess the association between daily contaminants and admission to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. RESULTS: The single-contamination model showed a significant correlation between NO2, O3, PM10 and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases at lag0 day. Air pollutants had lag effects on different gender groups. Excess relative risks (ERs) associated with a 10 µg/m3 increase were 1.522(1.057, 1.988) on lag02 for NO2, 0.547% (0.367%, 0.728%), 0.133% (0.061%, 0.205%) on lag3 for O3 and PM10. The dual pollutant model showed that the effects of NO2, O3, and PM10 after adjusting the influence of other pollutants were still statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution (NO2, O3, and PM10) may be associated with an increased risk of daily cardiovascular and cerebrovascular admission, which may provide reliable evidence for further understanding of the potential adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Determination of endogenous substance change in PM2.5-induced rat plasma and lung samples by UPLC-MS/MS method to identify potential markers for lung impairment.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) could induce lung impairment aggravation. Moreover, endogenous substances are known to play a significant role in lung impairment. Therefore, the research objectives was to investigate the influence of PM2.5-induced lung impairment on the levels of the eight endogenous substances, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate (Glu), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of these endogenous substances in rat plasma and lung tissues was developed. The validated method was successfully applied for comparing profiles of analytes in rat plasma and lung tissues. The results indicated that five endogenous substances, namely, GABA, Ach, Glu, DA, and DOPAC, had a significant change in the rats with PM2.5-induced lung impairment.

[Chinese herbal medicine Euphorbia esula extract induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of multidrug resistant gastric carcinoma cells].

This paper aims to study the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Euphorbia esula on multidrug resistant human gastric cancer cells in the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, and to study the apoptosis-inducing pathway. Different dilutions of Euphorbia esula extract were used to process human multidrug resistant gastric cancer SGC7901/ADR cells. Cell proliferation inhibition phenomenon was determined by MTT experiment. Nuclear morphological changes of apoptotic cells and apoptotic indexes were observed and determined by Hochest33528 staining followed with fluorescence microscope observing. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate. Cell migration and invasion ability were observed and determined by Transwell method. Spectrophotometry was used to detect caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzyme activity. Western blotting was used to detect subcellular distribution of cytochrome c. The results showed that Euphorbia esula extract had obvious inhibition effect on proliferation of gastric cancer multidrug resistant SGC7901/ADR cells, which was time- and concentration-dependent. After processing multidrug resistant gastric cancer SGC7901/ADR cells with Euphorbia esula extract, the apoptotic index and apoptosis rate were significantly increased than those in the control group, which showed a time- and dose-dependent mode; but if a caspase inhibitor was added, apoptosis index was not obviously increased. Transwell method showed that migration and invasion ability of the Euphorbia esula extract-processed SGC7901/ADR cells dropped significantly. Spectrophotometry showed that in Euphorbia esula extract-processed SGC7901/ADR cells, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression were increased, which had significant differences with the control group. Western blotting test showed that the distribution of cytochrome c decreased in mitochondria, while increased in the cytoplasm (i.e., cytochrome c escaped from mitochondria to the cytoplasm). In conclusion, Euphorbia esula extract could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer multidrug resistant SGC7901/ADR cells; and cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 might be involved in cell apoptosis induced by Euphorbia esula extract, suggesting endogenous or mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Outcome Evaluation of Laparoscopic and Open Nissen Fundoplication in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Our aim was to estimate the efficacy of laparoscopic and open Nissen fundoplication (ONF) in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children. An electronic systematic review of the published literature was conducted in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), and EmBase in October 2015 in English and without time restrictions. The participants, interventions, and comparisons in the clinical question translated directly into eligibility criteria for study inclusion and exclusion. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished by two reviewers independently. Methodological quality was assessed by using the "Criteria for judging risk of bias in the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool." Odds ratio (OR) with 95 per cent confidence interval was computed as summary statistics. Fixed-effects model was used and a pooled OR was calculated with the Mantel-Haenszel method initially. If the studies were heterogeneous, then the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used for meta-analysis. Outcome indices included mortality of patients, recurrence of GERD, reoperation of GERD, patients with complications, length of postoperative hospital stay, and surgery duration of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and ONF. Statistical analyses were carried out by using Review Manager 5.2. The duration of follow-up varied between two days and four years. Children operated with LNF had a higher recurrence rate of GERD than those undergoing ONF. The pooled OR of LNF versus ONF was 2.98 (95% confidence interval = 1.29-6.87) while the heterogeneity was I2 = 47 per cent and P = 0.13. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference for mortality, reoperation, and complication. The mean duration of surgery was significantly longer in the LNF than the ONF group while the results of length of postoperative hospital stay remained inconformity. In this meta-analysis, children operated with LNF had a higher recurrence rate of GERD than those undergoing ONF. Meanwhile, when considering the outcomes of mortality, reoperation, and complications, there was no significant difference. The mean duration of surgery was significantly longer in the LNF than the ONF group while no consistent conclusion of length of postoperative hospital stay was found.