RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Uterine mesothelial cysts represent a diagnostic challenge because of their low incidence, with very few cases reported in the English literature. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report the case of a 27-year-old nullipara woman complaining of self-discovery of a mass in the abdomen for 1 week. Supersonic examination revealed a pelvic cystic lesion measuring 8.9 × 8.2 cm. The patient underwent exploratory single-port laparoscopic surgery and had a large uterine cystic mass located within the posterior wall of the uterus. DIAGNOSIS: After excision of the uterine cyst, the final histopathological diagnosis was uterine mesothelial cyst. INTERVENTIONS: We treated her with a single-port laparoscopic uterine cystectomy. OUTCOMES: Close follow-up of the case for 2 years showed that the patient was free of any symptoms, and no recurrence was noted. LESSONS: Uterine mesothelial cysts are extremely rare. They are often misdiagnosed by clinicians as extrauterine masses or cystic degeneration of leiomyomas. This report aims to share a rare case of uterine mesothelial cyst and improve gynecologists' academic vision of the disease.