Identification of potential bioactive compounds of Passiflora edulis leaf extract against colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Plant bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and triterpenes can affect lipid metabolism. Here, we report the cytotoxic and lipid-lowering activities of the ethanolic extract of P. edulis leaves on human colon adenocarcinoma SW480 cells, also the molecular interactions of bioactive compounds present in P. edulis extract on ACC and HMGCR enzymes. The extract reduced cell viability and decreased intracellular triglyceride content by up to 35% and 28% at 24 and 48 h, respectively; whereas the effect was evident on cholesterol only at 24 h. In-silico analysis revealed that luteolin, chlorogenic acid, moupinamide, isoorientin, glucosyl passionflower, cyclopasifloic acid E and saponarin had optimal molecular coupling on Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 and 2 as well as 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, with possible inhibitory effects. These results show the ability of ethanolic extract to reduce intracellular levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in SW480 cells, which attracts attention for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Estrés oxidativo e ingesta de Passiflora edulis en voleibolistas hombres / Oxidative stress and intake of Passiflora edulis in men's volleyball players

Introducción: El estrés oxidativo, puede disminuir el rendimiento deportivo, generando una posible sobrecarga muscular. Una adecuada alimentación contribuye a disminuir los productos derivados del estrés oxidativo; un alimento antiestrés oxidativo es el fruto de la Passiflora edulis, ya que se ha comprobado in-vitro su alto contenido polifenólico. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del consumo de Passiflora edulis sobre marcadores de estrés oxidativo en voleibolistas durante un microciclo de choque. Metodología: Voluntariamente participaron 14 voleibolistas; aleatoriamente fueron divididos en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo placebo (GP), ambos grupos entraron al microciclo de choque. Durante los siete días del microciclo, GE consumió 2 ml/día de zumo de Passiflora edulis (1mg/ml) y GP recibió 2 ml de placebo. Se tomaron 4 muestras sanguíneas durante los días 1(D1), 4(D4), 7(D7) y 14(D14). Se determinó catalasa (CAT), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Resultados: Durante el microciclo, SOD incremento en ambos grupos, en D4 con respecto al D1, y disminuyó del D14 con respecto al D7 ambos significativamente. La CAT no presentó diferencias estadísticas entre los días evaluados. Las diferencias estadísticas con respecto a TBARS únicamente se presentaron en GE y fueron en el incremento del D4 con respecto al D1, y en el descenso del D14 con respecto al D7. No hubo diferencias significativas al comparar las mediciones realizadas entre el GE y el GP. Conclusión: No se encontró efecto significativo del consumo de P. edulis sobre los marcadores de estrés oxidativo evaluados, es necesario evaluar diferentes concentraciones del zumo.

Introduction: Oxidative stress can decrease sports performance, generating a possible muscle overload. An adequate diet contributes to reducing the products derived from oxidative stress; an oxidative anti-stress food is the fruit of Passiflora edulis, as has been verified in-vitro its high polyphenolic content. Objective: to determine the effect of Passiflora edulis consumption on oxidative stress markers in volleyball players during a shock microcycle. Methodology: 14 volleyball players participated voluntarily; They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a placebo group (PG), both groups entered the shock microcycle. During the seven days of the microcycle, GE consumed 2 ml / day of Passiflora edulis juice (1mg/ml) and PG received 2 ml of placebo. Four blood samples were taken on days 1(D1), 4(D4), 7(D7) and 14(D14). Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined. Results: During the microcycle, SOD increased in both groups, in D4 compared to D1, and decreased significantly in D14 compared to D7. The CAT did not present statistical differences between the days evaluated. The statistical differences with respect to TBARS only appeared in GE and were in the increase of D4 with respect to D1, and in the decrease of D14 with respect to D7. There were no significant differences when comparing the measurements made between the EG and the GP. Conclusion: No significant effect of the consumption of Passiflora edulis was found on the oxidative stress markers evaluated, it is necessary to evaluate different concentrations of the juice.

Dyslipidemia and its relationship with thyroid disease in farmers in the coffee-growing zone / Dislipidemia y relación con enfermedad tiroidea en agricultores de la zona cafetera

Abstract Introduction: Free thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine thyroid (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are recognized as regulators of lipid synthesis, mobilization and degradation. Objective: To find a relationship between dyslipidemia and thyroid disease in an adult population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 819 individuals. TSH, free T4, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Results: The general population showed normal TC, normal LDL-C, low HDL-C, and elevated TG. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was as follows: elevated TC 31.9%, HDL-C <40 mg/dL 57.9%, elevated LDL-C 24.3% and TG ≥200 mg/dL 26%. The prevalence of TSH ≥4.6 mIU/L was 8.1%. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 1.2%, and that of subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.7%. The prevalences of elevated TC in individuals with overt hypothyroidism and normal thyroid levels were 50.0% and 31.6%, respectively. However, in those with subclinical hypothyroidism, the prevalences were 43.6% and 31.0% (p=0.04) for elevated TC and 40.0% and 23.2% (p=0.006) for elevated LDL-C. A significant relationship was found between TSH ≥4.6 mIU/L and elevated TC (OR=1.9, p=0.01) and elevated LDL-C (OR=2.5, p=0.001); the frequency of elevated LDL-C was 2.2 times greater in people with subclinical hypothyroidism than in people with normal TSH levels. Conclusion: Given agricultural workers' particular socioeconomic conditions and access to the health system, it is important to design screening programs for biomarkers that allow early detection of changes in thyroid hormones, TSH and lipid profiles to provide this population with preventive interventions to reduce morbimortality due to cardiovascular events (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1094).

Resumen Introducción: tiroxina libre (T4L), triyodo tironina libre (T3L) y hormona estimulante del tiroides (TSH), se reconocen como reguladoras de síntesis, movilización y degradación de lípidos. Objetivo: encontrar una relación entre dislipidemias y enfermedad tiroidea en una población adulta. Métodos: este fue un estudio de corte transversal, en 819 individuos. Se midieron TSH, T4L, colesterol total (CT), colesterol en lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL), colesterol en lipopro-teínas de alta densidad (C-HDL) y triglicéridos (TG). Resultados: la población general mostró CT, C-LDL normales, C-HDL bajo y TG elevados. La prevalencia de dislipidemia fue: CT elevado 31.9%, C-HDL < 40 mg/dL 57.9%. C-LDL alto 24.3% y TG ≥200 mg/dL, 26%. La frecuencia de TSH ≥ 4.6 mIU/L fue 8.1%. La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo manifiesto fue de 1.2% y la de hipotiroidismo subclínico de 6.7%. La prevalencia de CT elevado en individuos con hipotiroidismo manifiesto y en normales fue de 50.0% y 31.6% respectivamente. Mientras en hipotiroidismo subclínico fue de 43.6% y 31.0% p: 0.04 para CT (elevado); 40.0% y 23.2% p: 0.006 para C-LDL elevado. Se encontró relación significativa entre TSH ≥4.6 mIU/L con CT elevado (OR 1.9 p 0.01) y C-LDL elevada (OR 2.5 p: 0.001); la frecuencia de C-LDL elevado fue de 2.2 veces en personas con hipotiroidismo subclínico con relación a personas con niveles normales de TSH. Conclusión: en los trabajadores del agro, por sus particulares condiciones socioeconómicas y de acceso al sistema de salud, es importante diseñar programas de tamizaje de biomarcadores que permitan avizorar de manera precoz cambios en las hormonas tiroideas, TSH y perfil lipídico, para realizar intervenciones de prevención secundaria que contribuyan a la disminución de la morbimortalidad por eventos cardiovasculares. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2019.1094).

Perfil lipídico, antropométrico y condición física de estudiantes deportistas universitarios / Lipid anthropometric and physical condition profile of university athlete students

Resumen Introducción: Reconocer aspectos como perfil lipídico, composición corporal y composición física de los deportistas, puede evitar errores recurrentes en el entrenamiento deportivo. Objetivo: Establecer el perfil lipídico, antropométrico y de condición física de estudiantes pertenecientes a las selecciones deportivas de la Universidad del Quindío. Materiales y métodos: Se valoró a integrantes de 14 selecciones deportivas en sus medidas antropométricas acorde a los lineamientos de la International Society for the Avancement in Kineanthropometric (ISAK); para determinar fuerza, velocidad, resistencia y flexibilidad se aplicó diferentes test. Para establecer el perfil lipídico se utilizó kits comerciales. Resultados: La población presenta rangos normales de perfil lipídico. Respecto al perfil antropométrico, se encontró promedios de porcentaje graso sobre los considerados normales para deportistas, aunque corresponden a la normalidad de la población en general. A nivel condicional la flexibilidad fue la capacidad con promedios inferiores de los rangos considerados aceptables. Conclusión: Es necesario buscar estrategias que permitan mejorar aspectos como: niveles de porcentaje graso y flexibilidad, que en algunos participantes no están acorde con los rangos establecidos para deportistas de rendimiento.

Abstract Introduction: Recognizing aspects such as lipid profile, body composition and physical composition of athletes can avoid recurrent errors in sports training. Objective: To establish the lipid, anthropometric and physical condition profile of students belonging to the sports teams of the University of Quindío. Materials and methods: Members of 14 sports teams were valued in their anthropometric measurements according to the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement in Kinanthropometric (ISAK). For this, different tests were applied to determine strength, speed, resistance and flexibility and commercial kits were used to establish the lipid profile. Results: The population has normal ranges of lipid profile. Regarding the anthropometric profile, averages of fat percentage were found above those that are considered normal for athletes, although they correspond to the normality of the population in general. On a conditional level, flexibility was the capacity with lower averages from those considered as acceptable ranks. Conclusions: It is necessary to look for strategies to improve aspects such as: levels of fatty percentage and flexibility, which in some participants are not in line with the established ranges for performance athletes.

Valores de colinesterasa plasmática y eritrocitaria con ácido 6-6'-ditiodinicotínico (DTNA) como indicador / Plasma and eritrocitary cholinesterase values with 6-6'-dithiodinicotinic acid (DTNA) as indicator / Valores da colinesterase plasmática e eritrocitária utilizando o ácido 6-6-ditiodinicotínico (DTNA) como indicador

Resumen Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal empleando ácido 6-6'-ditiodinicotinico (DTNA) como indicador para calcular los valores de la actividad de colinesterasa plasmática (AchP) y eritrocitaria (AchE) humana y estandarizarlos para ser utilizados como indicadores de riesgo laboral por exposición a organofosforados y carbamates en la población de la zona cafetera de Colombia. Se eligió esta técnica pues es una alternativa precisa, sencilla y económica: con pocos interferentes permite analizar AchP y AchE, no se tiene que corregir con hemoglobina; el DTNA es estable congelado o refrigerado y permite analizar muchas muestras en poco tiempo. Se evaluaron 819 muestras de agricultores. La AchE fue significativamente mayor en las personas menores de 45 años y en personas no fumigadoras, la AchP fue mayor en los fumigadores; esto es un indicador de que la población fumigadora se encuentra expuesta a organofosforados y carbamatos de forma prolongada. Se sugiere utilizar como valores máximos de referencia de la AchE y AchP 11378 U/L y 10354 U/L, respectivamente como indicadores de intervención ocupacional.

Abstract A cross-sectional descriptive study using 6-6'-dithiodinicotinic acid (DTNA) as an indicator was performed to calculate the values of plasma cholinesterase (AchP) and erythrocyte (AchE) activity and to standardize them to be used as indicators of occupational risk by exposure to organophosphates and carbamates in the population of the Colombian Coffee Growing Area. This method was chosen because it is an accurate, simple, and nonexpensive alternative: with few interferents it allows measuring both AchP and AchE, it does not have to be corrected with hemoglobin; The DTNA is stable frozen or refrigerated and allows to analyze many samples in a short time. A number of 819 samples from farmers were evaluated. While AchE was significantly higher in people under 45 years and in non-fumigating people, AchP was higher in fumigators; this result is an indicator that the fumigant population is exposed to organophosphates and carbamates on a long-term basis. It is suggested to use as maximum reference values of AchE and AchP 11378 U / L and 10354 U / L, respectively as indicators of occupational intervention.

Resumo Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal usando ácido 6-6'-ditiodinicotinico (DTNA) como indicador a fim de calcular os valores de atividade da colinesterase plasmática (AchP) e eritrocitária (AchE) humana e padronizar estes valores para ser utilizados na região cafeteira da Colômbia. Esta técnica foi elegida porque e uma alternativa precisa, simples e econômica: tem poucos interferentes e permite analisar AchP e AchE, não deve corrigir-se com hemoglobina; o DNTA e estável congelado ou refrigerado e permite analisar muitas amostras em pouco tempo. Foram avaliadas 819 amostras de agricultores. A AchE foi significativamente maior nas pessoas com menos de 45 anos e em pessoas não pulverizadoras, a AchP foi maior nas pessoas pulverizadoras; isso e um indicador de que a população pulverizadora encontra-se exposta a organofosforados e carbamatos de maneira prolongada. Sugere-se utilizar como valores máximos de referência da AchE e AchP 11378 U/L y 10354 U/L, respectivamente como indicadores de intervenção ocupacional.