Neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal del páncreas: características clínico-patológicas y supervivencia a largo plazo de pacientes sometidos a pancreatectomía / Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of pancreas: clinicopathological features and long-term survival after surgical resection

Introducción La neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal (NMPI) del páncreas puede progresar de displasia de bajo grado a displasia de alto grado y carcinoma invasivo asociado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características clínico-patológicas y los resultados de seguimiento a largo plazo de pacientes con pancreatectomía por NMPI. Métodos En este estudio retrospectivo de un solo centro, se analizan los resultados de los pacientes sometidos a resección pancreática, con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de NMPI, desde enero del 2009 a diciembre del 2019. Resultados Un total de 31 pacientes tuvieron diagnóstico de NMPI. Nueve pacientes fueron varones y 22 mujeres. La edad media fue de 67 años. Veintisiete pacientes (87%) presentaron síntomas. Los estigmas de alto riesgo se encontraron en 20 pacientes (64,5%) y las características preocupantes («worrisome features») en 10 pacientes (32,2%). Siete pacientes tuvieron NMPI tipo conducto principal, 13 NMPI tipo rama y 11 NMPI tipo mixto. El carcinoma invasivo asociado estuvo presente en 13 pacientes (41,9%), la displasia de alto grado en 4 pacientes (12,9%) y la displasia de bajo grado en 14 pacientes (45,2%). El tiempo de seguimiento fue de 2 a 12 años. La supervivencia media de los pacientes con NMPI y carcinoma invasivo asociado fue de 45,8 meses y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad de estos pacientes fue de 40,8 meses. Conclusiones En nuestros pacientes operados, la NMPI tuvo mayor prevalencia en mujeres, fue predominantemente sintomática y tuvo una elevada incidencia de carcinoma invasivo asociado a las de tipo rama. La supervivencia a 5 años fue buena aun con carcinoma invasivo asociado. (AU)

Introduction Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of pancreas can progress from low grade dysplasia to high grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Methods in this single center retrospective series we analyze the clinicopathological features and long-term follow up of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN, from January 2009 to December 2019. Results 31 patients were diagnosed with IPMN. Nine males and 22 females. The mean age was 67 years. Twenty-seven patients (87%) were symptomatic. Seven patients had main duct IPMN, 11 branch type IPMN and 13 mixed type IPMN. High-risk stigmata were found in 20 patients (64.5%) and worrisome features in 10 patients (32.2%). Thirteen patients (41.9%) had an associated invasive carcinoma, 4 (12.9%) high-grade dysplasia and 14 (45.2%) low-grade dysplasia. The follow-up was from 2 to 12 years. Median survival for patients with IPMN and associated invasive carcinoma was 45.8 months and disease-free survival was 40.8 months. Conclusions IPMN had higher prevalence in females, mostly symptomatic and high incidence of associated invasive carcinoma with branch type. The 5-year survival was good even with associated invasive carcinoma. (AU)

[Clinical practice guideline for the management of acute pancreatitis in the social security of Peru (Essalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el seguro social del Perú (Essalud).

This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of acute pancreatitis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud), to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud. A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered relevant- primary studies were carried out in PubMed during 2022. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice, and the corresponding flow charts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. This CPG addressed 7 clinical questions on fluid therapy, start of enteral nutrition, analgesia, type of nutrition, antibiotic, and surgical treatment. Based on these questions, 8 recommendations (1 strong and 7 conditional), 13 BPCs, and 1 flowchart were formulated. This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud.

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el seguro social del Perú (Essalud)

El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Su objetivo es proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 7 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2022. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y flujogramas correspondientes. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. La presente GPC abordó 7 preguntas clínicas sobre fluidoterapia, momento de inicio de nutrición enteral, analgesia, tipo de nutrición, tratamiento antibiótico y quirúrgico. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 8 recomendaciones (1 fuerte y 7 condicionales), 13 BPC, y 1 flujograma. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencia de la GPC para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud.

This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of acute pancreatitis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud), to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud. A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered relevant-primary studies were carried out in PubMed during 2022. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice, and the corresponding ow charts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. This CPG addressed 7 clinical questions on buid therapy, start of enteral nutrition, analgesia, type of nutrition, antibiotic, and surgical treatment. Based on these questions, 8 recommendations (1 strong and 7 conditional), 13 BPCs, and 1 flowchart were formulated. This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of pancreas: Clinicopathological features and long-term survival after surgical resection.

INTRODUCTION: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas can progress from low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective series, we analyze the clinicopathological features and long-term follow up of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN, from January 2009 to December 2019. RESULTS: 31 patients were diagnosed with IPMN: 9 males and 22 females. Mean age was 67 years. Twenty-seven patients (87%) were symptomatic. Seven patients had main duct IPMN, 11 branch-type IPMN and 13 mixed-type IPMN. High-risk stigmata were found in 20 patients (64.5%) and worrisome features in 10 patients (32.2%). Thirteen patients (41.9%) had an associated invasive carcinoma, 4 (12.9%) high-grade dysplasia and 14 (45.2%) low-grade dysplasia. The follow-up was from 2 to 12 years. Median survival for patients with IPMN and associated invasive carcinoma was 45.8 months, and disease-free survival was 40.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: IPMN had a higher prevalence in females, mostly symptomatic and high incidence of associated invasive carcinoma with branch type. The 5-year survival was good even with associated invasive carcinoma.

Distal pancreatectomy: experience in a National Hospital.

AIMS: To compare the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing open DP (ODP) and laparoscopic DP (LDP); and to analyze the association between the section site of the pancreas and pancreatic fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, perioperative, and histopathologic data of patients who underwent ODP and LDP between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: 70 patients were included. 39 (56%) underwent ODP and 31 (44%) underwent LDP. The tumor size in ODP group was 70mm and in LDP group was 45mm (p = 0,032) Blood loss was lower in LDP group (229mL versus 498mL) (p = 0,001). Operative time, spleen preservation, B/C pancreatic fistula, major morbidity, reoperation, and length of hospital stay, were similar in both groups. There was no postoperative mortality. No differences were found in B/C pancreatic fistula rate regarding to pancreatic transection site. CONCLUSIONS: LDP is a safe procedure, with perioperative outcomes similar to ODP and with less blood loss. The pancreatic transection site did not influence post-operative pancreatic fistula rate.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar los resultados a corto plazo de pacientes intervenidos mediante pancreatectomía distal abierta (PDA) y laparoscópica (PDL); y analizar si el lugar de la sección del páncreas tiene relación con la formación de fístula pancreática. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Serie retrospectiva y descriptiva de las PD realizadas, desde enero del 2009 a diciembre del 2019. Se compararon las características clínicas, perioperatorias e histopatológicas de pacientes con PDA y PDL. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 70 pacientes. Treinta y nueve casos (56%) con PDA y 31 casos (44%) con PDL. El tamaño tumoral promedio en la PDA fue de 70 mm y en la PDL 45 mm (p = 0.032). La pérdida sanguínea fue menor en la PDL (229 vs. 498 ml) (p = 0.001). No se encontró diferencia significativa en tiempo operatorio, porcentaje de preservación esplénica, fístula pancreática B/C, reoperación, morbilidad mayor y estancia hospitalaria. No hubo mortalidad postoperatoria. No hubo diferencias en la formación de fístula pancreática con respecto al lugar de sección del páncreas. CONCLUSIONES: La PDL es un procedimiento seguro, con resultados perioperatorios similares a la PDA y con menor pérdida sanguínea. El lugar de sección del páncreas no tuvo relación con la formación de fístula pancreática.

Abordaje laparoscópico de la neoplasia mucinosa apendicular de bajo grado / Laparoscopic approach of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm

RESUMEN Las neoplasias mucinosas apendiculares son infrecuentes y se clasifican en neoplasias mucinosas de bajo grado, de alto grado y adenocarcinoma mucinoso. Se consideran precursoras del pseudomixoma peritoneal, caracterizado por la acumulación de mucina dentro de la cavidad abdominal. Informamos tres casos de neoplasia mucinosa apendicular de bajo grado, dos varones y una mujer, que presentaron dolor abdominal agudo, diagnosticados preoperatoriamente mediante tomografía y que fueron manejados con un abordaje laparoscópico (apendicectomía, resección parcial de ciego y colectomía derecha, respectivamente). Los tres casos tuvieron una buena evolución posoperatoria y no hubo complicaciones. Se concluye que las neoplasias mucinosas apendiculares son raras y no tienen una presentación clínica específica. El abordaje laparoscópico es una opción segura y factible. La frecuencia y la duración del seguimiento de estos pacientes es motivo de controversia.

ABSTRACT Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and are classified in low-grade mucinous neoplasm, high-grade mucinous neoplasm and mucinous adenocarcinoma. They are considered precursors of pseudomyxoma peritonei, characterized by the accumulation of mucin within the abdominal cavity. We report three cases of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, two men and one woman, who presented with acute abdominal pain. The diagnoses were made preoperatively by computed tomography scan and the tumors were managed through laparoscopic approach (appendectomy, partial resection of the cecum and right colectomy, respectively). The three patients evolved with favorable postoperative outcome without complications. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare without specific clinical presentation. The laparoscopic approach is a safe and feasible option. The frequency and duration of surveillance in these patients are still controversial.

Vólvulo de ciego / Cecal volvulus

RESUMEN El vólvulo de ciego involucra al colon derecho proximal, el ciego y el íleon terminal. Se necesitan dos requisitos, una fijación incompleta del ciego y la limitación del movimiento intestinal en un punto fijo que sirve como apoyo y eje para la rotación. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 52 años que presentó una obstrucción intestinal aguda. Se hizo el diagnóstico preoperatorio con una tomografía y se realizó una colectomía derecha asistida por laparoscopía con anastomosis primaria. En estos pacientes se recomienda la colectomía derecha no oncológica ya que elimina por completo la posibilidad de recurrencia. No se recomienda la colonoscopía, la cecopexia, ni la cecostomía por su alto riesgo de recurrencia y morbimortalidad asociadas.

ABSTRACT Cecal volvulus involves the proximal right colon, the cecum and the terminal ileum. Two requirements are needed, an incomplete fixation of the cecum and the restriction of the bowel movement at a fixed point which serves as a fulcrum for rotation. We present a case of a 52-year-old woman who was admitted with the diagnosis of an acute intestinal obstruction. The preoperative diagnosis was made with a tomography and she underwent a laparoscopic assisted right colectomy with primary anastomosis. In these patients, the right colon nononcologic surgical resection is recommended because eliminates the possibility of volvulus recurrence. Colonoscopy, cecopexy, or cecostomy should be avoided because its associated significant recurrence, morbidity and mortality.

Pancreatitis aguda necrotizante infectada. Desbridamiento retroperitoneal video asistido / Infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement

Resumen El tratamiento escalonado de la pancreatitis aguda necrotizante infectada consiste en el uso de antibióticos de amplio espectro, drenaje y necrosectomía mínimamente invasiva, si fuese necesaria. Esto ha reemplazado a la cirugía abierta como el estándar de tratamiento. El desbridamiento retroperitoneal video asistido (VARD), es una forma de necrosectomía quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva. Presentamos una serie de 5 casos (2 mujeres y 3 varones) con pancreatitis aguda grave y necrosis pancreática infectada tratados de forma escalonada y VARD. El rango de edad fue de 27 a 60 años. Todos los pacientes tuvieron pancreatitis de etiología biliar. El rango del APACHE II fue de 16 a 20. El rango del tiempo para el drenaje percutáneo lumbar fue de 4 a 7 semanas. Hubo una complicación del drenaje percutáneo (fistula duodenal) que se resolvió con tratamiento médico. Los cultivos de todas las necrosis fueron positivos. El tiempo para la realización del VARD tuvo un rango de 6 a 10 semanas. Un paciente requirió dos procedimientos. Hubo dos fístulas pancreáticas tipo B asociadas al VARD, que se trataron conservadoramente. No hubo mortalidad. A largo plazo, dos pacientes fueron diagnosticados de insuficiencia pancreática exocrina y endocrina. Concluimos que en los pacientes con necrosis pancreática infectada que requieran desbridamiento, el VARD es una alternativa segura, efectiva y con buenos resultados a largo plazo.

Abstract The step-up approach for infected necrotizing pancreatitis, consisting of broad-spectrum antibiotics, drainage followed, if necessary, by minimally invasive necrosectomy, has replaced open surgery as the standard of management. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) is a surgical minimally invasive necrosectomy. This is a 5 cases series (2 female and 3 males) with severe acute pancreatitis and infected pancreatic necrosis who underwent step up approach and VARD. The age ranged from 27 to 60 years old. Al patients had biliary pancreatitis. APACHE II ranged from 16 to 20. The time to percutaneous lumbar drainage ranged from 4 to 7 weeks. There was one complication associated with percutaneous drainage (duodenal fistula) with nonoperative management. All necrotizing pancreatitis had positive cultures. The time to perform VARD ranged from 6 to 10 weeks. One patient required two procedures. There were two type B pancreatic fistulas associated with VARD, managed nonoperatively. There was no mortality. During long-term follow-up two patients were diagnosed with exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. We conclude that VARD is a safe and effective procedure in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis requiring debridement, and with good long-term outcomes.

[Infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement]. / Pancreatitis aguda necrotizante infectada. Desbridamiento retroperitoneal video asistido.

The step-up approach for infected necrotizing pancreatitis, consisting of broad-spectrum antibiotics, drainage followed, if necessary, by minimally invasive necrosectomy, has replaced open surgery as the standard of management. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) is a surgical minimally invasive necrosectomy. This is a 5 cases series (2 female and 3 males) with severe acute pancreatitis and infected pancreatic necrosis who underwent step up approach and VARD. The age ranged from 27 to 60 years old. Al patients had biliary pancreatitis. APACHE II ranged from 16 to 20. The time to percutaneous lumbar drainage ranged from 4 to 7 weeks. There was one complication associated with percutaneous drainage (duodenal fistula) with nonoperative management. All necrotizing pancreatitis had positive cultures. The time to perform VARD ranged from 6 to 10 weeks. One patient required two procedures. There were two type B pancreatic fistulas associated with VARD, managed nonoperatively. There was no mortality. During long-term follow-up two patients were diagnosed with exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. We conclude that VARD is a safe and effective procedure in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis requiring debridement, and with good long-term outcomes.

El tratamiento escalonado de la pancreatitis aguda necrotizante infectada consiste en el uso de antibióticos de amplio espectro, drenaje y necrosectomía mínimamente invasiva, si fuese necesaria. Esto ha reemplazado a la cirugía abierta como el estándar de tratamiento. El desbridamiento retroperitoneal video asistido (VARD), es una forma de necrosectomía quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva. Presentamos una serie de 5 casos (2 mujeres y 3 varones) con pancreatitis aguda grave y necrosis pancreática infectada tratados de forma escalonada y VARD. El rango de edad fue de 27 a 60 años. Todos los pacientes tuvieron pancreatitis de etiología biliar. El rango del APACHE II fue de 16 a 20. El rango del tiempo para el drenaje percutáneo lumbar fue de 4 a 7 semanas. Hubo una complicación del drenaje percutáneo (fistula duodenal) que se resolvió con tratamiento médico. Los cultivos de todas las necrosis fueron positivos. El tiempo para la realización del VARD tuvo un rango de 6 a 10 semanas. Un paciente requirió dos procedimientos. Hubo dos fístulas pancreáticas tipo B asociadas al VARD, que se trataron conservadoramente. No hubo mortalidad. A largo plazo, dos pacientes fueron diagnosticados de insuficiencia pancreática exocrina y endocrina. Concluimos que en los pacientes con necrosis pancreática infectada que requieran desbridamiento, el VARD es una alternativa segura, efectiva y con buenos resultados a largo plazo.

Litiasis del hepatocolédoco / Common bile duct stones

RESUMEN Anteriormente, cuando se diagnosticaba litiasis en la vía biliar, el procedimiento consistía en una co lecistectomía, coledocotomía, extracción de los cálculos y colocación de un drenaje de Kehr. En otros casos se podía hacer papiloesfinteroplastia o una derivación biliodigestiva. Actualmente tenemos mu chas herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas como la colangiorresonancia, la pancreatocolangio grafía retrógrada endoscópica, la cirugía laparoscópica de la vía biliar, la ecoendoscopia y la ecografía intraoperatoria. Los procesos de decisiones son más complejos y sin un sustento con evidencia con cluyente. Tenemos estudios que enfocan parceladamente el tema, por lo que, dependiendo de si el diagnóstico se hace antes o durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica, el cirujano empleará su sentido común individualizando cada caso. El manejo ideal de la litiasis de la vía biliar sigue siendo motivo de controversia. Decidir por un manejo endoscópico, laparoscópico o convencional requiere logística, entrenamiento y juicio clínico adecua dos. La cirugía convencional sigue siendo una opción vigente.

ABSTRACT Previously, when a surgeon diagnosed bile duct lithiasis, he/she performed cholecystectomy, chole docotomy, stone removal and placement of a Kehr's "T" tube. Some cases might require sphinctero plasty or bilio-digestive bypass. Nowadays, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endosco pic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound and intraoperative ultrasound have emerged as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Decision-making processes are complex and there is no conclusive evidence supporting them. Many studies have focused on the matter with a non-compre hensive approach so that each surgeon will use his/her common sense for each individual case. The optimal management of the common bile duct is still controversial. Deciding on endoscopic, lapa roscopic or conventional management requires adequate training and clinical judgment. Conventional surgery is still in valid option.

Características de la neoplasia quística mucinosa del páncreas en pacientes atendidos en un Hospital Nacional del Perú / Characteristics of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm in patients treated at a National Hospital in Peru

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de analizar las características clínico, patológicas y quirúrgicas de la Neoplasia Quística Mucinosa de páncreas (NQM), se realizó un análisis de los pacientes del servicio de Cirugía de Páncreas, Bazo y Retroperitoneo del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen en Lima, Perú desde enero del 2009 hasta octubre del 2018. La presencia del estroma ovárico se usó como criterio diagnóstico de NQM. De diez pacientes con edad promedio de 47,8 años, nueve fueron mujeres, las lesiones estuvieron localizadas en el páncreas distal, el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 88,6 mm. En todos los pacientes se realizó una pancreatectomía distal siendo tres laparoscópicas, no hubo reoperaciones ni fallecidos, dos pacientes tuvieron carcinoma invasor asociado. En conclusión, la presentación de NQM es mayor en mujeres de edad media siendo la localización en el páncreas distal y el porcentaje de malignidad bajo. La cirugía laparoscópica es una alternativa de manejo.

ABSTRACT In order to analyze the clinical, pathological, and surgical characteristics of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), an analysis of the patients from the Pancreas, Spleen, and Retroperitoneal Surgery Service of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital in Lima, Peru, was performed from January 2009 to October 2018. The presence of ovarian stroma was used as a diagnostic criterion for MCN. From ten patients with an average age of 47.8 years, nine were women; the lesions were located in the distal pancreas, and the average tumor size was 88.6 mm. All patients underwent a distal pancreatectomy, three of which were laparoscopic; there were no reoperations or deaths; two patients had associated invasive carcinoma. In conclusion, the frequency of MCN is higher in middle-aged women, being the location in the distal pancreas and the percentage of malignancy is low. Laparoscopic surgery is a disease management option.

[Characteristics of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm in patients treated at a National Hospital in Peru]. / Características de la neoplasia quística mucinosa del páncreas en pacientes atendidos en un Hospital Nacional del Perú.

In order to analyze the clinical, pathological, and surgical characteristics of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), an analysis of the patients from the Pancreas, Spleen, and Retroperitoneal Surgery Service of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital in Lima, Peru, was performed from January 2009 to October 2018. The presence of ovarian stroma was used as a diagnostic criterion for MCN. From ten patients with an average age of 47.8 years, nine were women; the lesions were located in the distal pancreas, and the average tumor size was 88.6 mm. All patients underwent a distal pancreatectomy, three of which were laparoscopic; there were no reoperations or deaths; two patients had associated invasive carcinoma. In conclusion, the frequency of MCN is higher in middle-aged women, being the location in the distal pancreas and the percentage of malignancy is low. Laparoscopic surgery is a disease management option.

Con el objetivo de analizar las características clínico, patológicas y quirúrgicas de la Neoplasia Quística Mucinosa de páncreas (NQM), se realizó un análisis de los pacientes del servicio de Cirugía de Páncreas, Bazo y Retroperitoneo del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen en Lima, Perú desde enero del 2009 hasta octubre del 2018. La presencia del estroma ovárico se usó como criterio diagnóstico de NQM. De diez pacientes con edad promedio de 47,8 años, nueve fueron mujeres, las lesiones estuvieron localizadas en el páncreas distal, el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 88,6 mm. En todos los pacientes se realizó una pancreatectomía distal siendo tres laparoscópicas, no hubo reoperaciones ni fallecidos, dos pacientes tuvieron carcinoma invasor asociado. En conclusión, la presentación de NQM es mayor en mujeres de edad media siendo la localización en el páncreas distal y el porcentaje de malignidad bajo. La cirugía laparoscópica es una alternativa de manejo.

[Pancreaticoduodenectomy for a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in children]. / Pancreatoduodenectomía por tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas en niños.

The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential in children. We report the case of a 9 years old child with a SPT localized in the pancreatic head. She underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with favorable evolution. The PD in high-volume centers is safe in both adults and children.

Pancreatoduodenectomía por tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas en niños / Pancreaticoduodenectomy for a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in children

El tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas (TSP) en niños es una neoplasia rara en este grupo etareo y con bajo potencial de malignidad. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 9 años con TSP de cabeza de páncreas que fue resecado mediante una pancreatoduodenectomía (PD) con evolución favorable. La PD en centros de alto volumen de cirugías de páncreas es segura tanto en adultos como en niños.

The solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential in children. We report the case of a 9 years old child with a SPT localized in the pancreatic head. She underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with favorable evolution. The PD in high-volume centers is safe in both adults and children.

[Hydatid cysts in pancreas: laparoscopic approach]. / Quiste hidatídico de páncreas: abordaje laparoscópico.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus and is endemic in many areas of the world. Hydatid cysts are commonly located in the liver and lung. Pancreas affection is very rare even in endemic areas. CASE REPORT: 36-year-old female with the suspicion of hydatid disease of the pancreas 5 years before her admission. The patient gave history of epigastric pain and weight lose. CT scan and MRI showed a cystic lesion of the tail of the pancreas and the diagnosis of hydatid disease was confirmed with ELIZA and Western Blot. The patient underwent a laparoscopic distal spleno pancreatectomy. The recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Hydatid disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of the cystic lesions of the pancreas, especially in patients who come from endemic areas.

[Microbiological and resistance profiles of community acquired and nosocomial intra abdominal infections in surgery of National Hospital Guillermo Almenara, Lima, Peru]. / Perfil microbiológico de las infecciones intra abdominales en el Servicio de Cirugía de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the microbiological and resistance profiles of community acquired and nosocomial intra abdominal infections (IAIs) at the Surgery Service of Emergency and surgery critical care units from the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From August 1st, 2013 till July 31st, 2014, patients undergoing surgery/interventional drainage for IAIs were included. RESULTS: The suitable cultures for the analysis were 169 (74 bile and 95 no bile cultures; 142 community acquired and 27 nosocomials). The microorganims more frequently isolated were E. coli (63.3%), K. pneumoniae (12%) and Enterococcus spp. (10%). The 43.5% of E. coli and the 21.23% of Klebsiella were ESBL producers. The carbapenems were the most active agents in vitro (100%), while the quinolones showed high resistance (>50%). CONCLUSIONS: E. coli was the most common microorganism in the IAIs. Because of the quinolone’s high â€Å“in vitro” resistance, they should not be recommended as initial empirical therapy.

Perfil microbiológico de las infecciones intra abdominales en el Servicio de Cirugía de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú / Microbiological and resistance profiles of community acquired and nosocomial intra abdominal infections in surgery of National Hospital Guillermo Almenara, Lima, Peru

Determinar el perfil microbiológico y de resistencia de las infecciones intra abdominales (IIA) adquiridas en la comunidad y nosocomiales en el Servicio de Cirugía de Emergencia y Cuidados Críticos Quirúrgicos del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Material y métodos: Desde el 1 de agosto del 2013 al 31 de julio del 2014, se incluyeron a los pacientes con drenaje quirúrgico o intervencionista de las IIA. Resultados: Los cultivos aptos para el análisis fueron 169 (74 biliares y 95 no biliares; 142 de la comunidad y 27 nosocomiales). Los gérmenes más frecuentemente aislados fueron E. coli (63,3%), K. pneumoniae (12%) y Enterococcus spp. (10%). El 43,5% de E. coli y el 21,23% de Klebsiella fueron productoras de BLEE. Los carbapenems mostraron el 100% de suceptibilidad in vitro para las IIA mientras que las quinolonas mostraron una alta resistencia bacteriana (> del 50%). Conclusiones: El microorganismo de mayor prevalencia en las IIA fue la E.coli. Dada la alta resistencia in vitro de los microorganismos a las quinolonas, éstas no deberían recomendarse como tratamiento empírico inicial...

To determine the microbiological and resistance profiles of community acquired and nosocomial intra abdominal infections (IAIs) at the Surgery Service of Emergency and surgery critical care units from the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Material and methods: From August 1st, 2013 till July 31st, 2014, patients undergoing surgery/interventional drainage for IAIs were included. Results: The suitable cultures for the analysis were 169 (74 bile and 95 no bile cultures; 142 community acquired and 27 nosocomials). The microorganims more frequently isolated were E. coli (63.3%), K. pneumoniae (12%) andEnterococcus spp. (10%). The 43.5% of E. coli and the 21.23% of Klebsiella were ESBL producers. The carbapenems were the most active agents in vitro (100%), while the quinolones showed high resistance (>50%). Conclusions: E. coli was the most common microorganism in the IAIs. Because of the quinoloneÆs high ôin vitroõ resistance, they should not be recommended as initial empirical therapy...

Insulinoma pancreático gigante / Giant pancreatic insulinoma

Los insulinomas son los tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos más frecuentes y típicamente son benignos y pequeños. Los insulinomas gigantes de páncreas son tumores raros. Reportamos el caso de un paciente varón de 67 años, quien presentaba síntomas y signos de hipoglicemia. Subsecuentes estudios de laboratorio y radiológicos establecieron el diagnóstico de un insulinomade 13,5 cm. Fue sometido a pancreaticoduodenectomía. A pesar del tamaño, en la evaluación patológica no se identificó invasión localni metástasis. Además de la descripción de la presentación clínica y los hallazgos operatorios, se realiza una revisión de las opcionespara la localización y manejo de los insulinomas.

Insulinomas are the most common pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and are typically small and benign. Giant pancreatic insulinomasare rare pancreatic tumors. We report a 67 year old man who presented with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Subsequentlaboratory and radiologic studies established the diagnosis of a 13.5 cm insulinoma. The patient underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy.Despite the size, neither local invasion nor metastatic disease was identified on pathological evaluation. In addition to describing theclinical presentation and operative findings, localization and management options of insulinomas are reviewed.

[Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas in Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru]. / Neoplasias mucinosas papilares intraductales de páncreas en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features as well as the surgical results of the patients with diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of IPMN who underwent pancreatectomy were identified from January 2006 to September 2013, using the prospective data base of the Pancreas, Spleen and retroperitoneum HNGAI service. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were found (9 females and 2 males). The mean age was 67.36 years. 2 were main duct type IPMN, 3 branch type and 6 mixed type. All patients had symptoms. The pain was the most frequent symptom, 27% had pancreatitis. For the diagnosis 100% had CT scan, 90% MRI. 10 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 distal pancreatectomy. 2 patients had type C pancreatic fistula. 2 patients underwent reoperation and 1 died. 5 patients had low grade dysplasia, 2 moderate dysplasia, 1 high grade dysplasia and 3 invasive carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This entity is present in our country being more common in women. The mixed type IPMN is the most frequent type. Complication with the highest incidence is the pancreatic fistula and the mortality rate is low. The IPMN´s malignancy potential founded was high.

[Pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma and and re-intervention for ganglinonar recurrency]. / Pancreatoduodenectomía durante el embarazo por adenocarcinoma de ampolla de Vater y posterior resección de recurrencia ganglionar con buen resultado a corto y largo plazo.

A 30 years old woman in the 13 week of her second pregnancy who had severe anemia, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and weight loss. She was given the endoscopic diagnosis of a well differentiated ampullary adenocarcinoma. She underwent a pancreato duodenectomy during the 16 week of pregnancy without complications. After 4 months of follow up we identified a ganglionar local recurrence so that's why she underwent a cesarean in the 34 week of pregnancy. The product was a healthy 2500 gr. newborn. We decided a reoperation for the resection of the recurrence and it was carried out successfully. Currently the patient has 36 months of follow up without evidence of recurrence and her baby has a normal grow up.