Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South-South Migrant Populations.

There is abundant evidence about the negative impact of discrimination on well-being, but less research on factors that can reduce this negative effect, mainly focused on North American samples and with incipient development on South-South migration. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between the experience of racial and ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being in Colombian immigrants living in Chile. A total of 962 immigrants over the age of 18 from three cities in Chile participated. Of these, 50.7% were women. The average age was 35 years (SD = 10.23). Participants were evaluated using Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, Phinney's adapted version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale, and Krieger's Discrimination Experience Scale. After the analysis of the measurement models, a mediation model was analyzed using structural equations. The results provide evidence that ethnic and racial discrimination have negative effects on psychological well-being, with the effect of racial discrimination being greater. Likewise, ethnic identity has positive effects on psychological well-being and partially and completely mediates the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on psychological well-being. The full effect of discrimination on psychological well-being, mediated by ethnic identity, is exercised only by racial discrimination and not by ethnic discrimination.

Erratum: Toro, C. et al. On the Detection of Spectral Emissions of Iron Oxides in Combustion Experiments of Pyrite Concentrates. Sensors 2020, 20, 1284.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...].

On the Detection of Spectral Emissions of Iron Oxides in Combustion Experiments of Pyrite Concentrates.

In this paper, we report on the spectral detection of wustite, Fe(II) oxide (FeO), and magnetite, Fe(II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), molecular emissions during the combustion of pyrite (FeS2), in a laboratory-scale furnace operating at high temperatures. These species are typically generated by reactions occurring during the combustion (oxidation) of this iron sulfide mineral. Two detection schemes are addressed: the first consisting of measurements with a built-in developed spectrometer with a high sensitivity and a high spectral resolution. The second one consisting of spectra measured with a low spectral resolution and a low sensitivity commercial spectrometer, but enhanced and analyzed with post signal processing and multivariate data analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and a multivariate curve resolution - the alternating least squares method (MCR-ALS). A non-linear model is also proposed to reconstruct spectral signals measured during pyrite combustion. Different combustion conditions were studied to evaluate the capacity of the detection schemes to follow the spectral emissions of iron oxides. The results show a direct correlation between FeO and Fe3O4 spectral features intensity, and non-linear relations with key combustion variables such as flame temperature, and the combusted sulfide mineral particle size.

[Development and assessment of EPInfant: a rating scale of perceived exertion for the pediatric population]. / Construcción y evaluación de Epinfant: una escala para la medición del esfuerzo percibido en la población pediátrica.

Rating scales of perceived exertion (PE) have been used to measure PE during exercise in the adult population with successful results. However, in children, it is necessary to develop adapted instruments due to their cognitive immaturity. The number of Spanish-language validated instruments for the pediatric population is scarce. Our objective was to develop a new PE rating scale. Research design was divided into three stages: development, content validity, and criterion validity. For development, a panel of five expert members was summoned, who provided indications for the new instrument. A systematic review of the literature to identify other validated instruments was performed. This process resulted in the development of the new EPInfant scale to measure PE, which integrates the expert panel's indications and the result of the literature systematic review. The evaluation of its content showed a high level of agreement regarding the quality of its design; the content validity index was 1. During the field assessment, a high concurrent criterion validity was observed in healthy adolescents due to the strong correlation shown between PE and heart rate in both boys and girls. The methodology used to develop the EPInfant scale aimed at reducing potential biases that may hinder its psychometric properties. Preliminary results suggest that this may be a validated instrument that could be implemented in healthy adolescents.

Las escalas de medición del esfuerzo percibido (EP) han sido utilizadas para cuantificar el EP en la población adulta durante el ejercicio, con resultados exitosos. No obstante, en niños, debido a su inmadurez cognitiva, es necesario el desarrollo de instrumentos adaptados. Son escasos los instrumentos validados en lenguaje español para la población pediátrica. El objetivo fue desarrollar una nueva escala de medición de EP. Se llevó a cabo un diseño de investigación dividido en tres etapas: construcción, validez de contenido y validez de criterio. Para la construcción, se constituyó un panel de cinco expertos, quienes generaron indicaciones para el nuevo instrumento, y se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar otros instrumentos validados. Este proceso dio origen a la nueva escala EPInfant para la medición de EP, la cual integra las indicaciones del panel de expertos y el resultado de la revisión sistemática de la literatura. En la evaluación de su contenido, se observó un alto nivel de acuerdo respecto a la calidad de su diseño, que presentó un índice de validez de contenido de 1. En la evaluación en terreno, se observó una alta validez de criterio concurrente en adolescentes sanos al presentar una fuerte correlación entre EP y frecuencia cardíaca en ambos sexos. La escala EPInfant fue desarrollada mediante una metodología que procuró disminuir los potenciales sesgos que pudiesen afectar sus propiedades psicométricas. Resultados preliminares sugieren que sería una herramienta válida para su aplicación en adolescentes sanos

Philippine alliance of fisherfolk: ecohealth practitioners for livelihood and food security.

Pamana Ka Sa Pilipinas (Pamana) is a grassroots fisherfolk alliance of Philippine Marine Protected Areas with more than 6,000 individual fisherfolk and their 30,000 family members. Access to food, education, and health services for Philippine fisherfolk families is directly dependant upon the fish harvest and related health of the marine environment. Pamana represents a unique "ecohealth" strategy, linking the health of coastal people and that of their surrounding marine ecosystem. Pamana's activities are viewed by both their membership and barangay (village) health workers as a contribution to nutritional and community health. The alliance has developed an approach to the empowerment of fisherfolk that has led to improvement in health, food security, and nutritional status of their communities. The development of Pamana provides a model for building capacity in other fishing- and resource-based cultures, through engagement and empowerment. In less developed countries, grassroots initiatives, such as Pamana, may be the only solution for sustainable fisheries contributions to food security, given the challenges of fisherfolk poverty, environmental degradation, and limited finances.