The effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 60 diabetic patients with CHD, aged 40-85 years at a cardiology clinic in Kashan, Iran, from October 2017 through January 2018. Patients were randomly divided into two groups to take either probiotic supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention to determine related markers. RESULTS: After 12-week intervention, probiotic supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (ß - 20.02 mg/dL; 95% CI - 33.86, - 6.17; P = 0.005), insulin (ß - 2.09 µIU/mL; 95% CI - 3.77, - 0.41; P = 0.01), insulin resistance (ß - 0.50; 95% CI - 0.96, - 0.03; P = 0.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (ß - 0.27; 95% CI - 0.52, - 0.03; P = 0.02), and significantly increased insulin sensitivity (ß 0.008; 95% CI 0.001, 0.01; P = 0.02) and HDL-cholesterol levels (ß 2.52 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.04, 5.00; P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. Moreover, probiotic supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (ß - 0.88 mg/L; 95% CI - 1.39, - 0.38; P = 0.001), and a significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (ß 108.44 mmol/L; 95% CI 47.61, 169.27; P = 0.001) and total glutathione levels (ß 45.15 µmol/L; 95% CI 5.82, 84.47; P = 0.02) compared with the placebo. Probiotic supplementation did not affect other metabolic profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found that probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients with CHD.Trial registration Clinical trial registration number http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2017082733941N5.

The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic status in overweight diabetic patients with CHD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among sixty-six diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 5µg vitamin D, 90 µg vitamin K plus 500 mg Ca supplements (n 33) or placebo (n 33) twice a day for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention period to determine related markers. Vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in maximum levels of left CIMT (-0·04 (sd 0·22) v. +0·04 (sd 0·09) mm, P=0·02). Changes in serum vitamin D (+6·5 (sd 7·8) v. +0·4 (sd 2·2) ng/ml, P<0·001), Ca (+0·6 (sd 0·3) v. +0·1 (sd 0·1) mg/dl, P<0·001) and insulin concentrations (-0·9 (sd 3·1) v. +2·6 (sd 7·2) µIU/ml, P=0·01), homoeostasis model for assessment of estimated insulin resistance (-0·4 (sd 1·2) v. +0·7 (sd 2·3), P=0·01), ß-cell function (-2·1 (sd 9·0) v. +8·9 (sd 23·7), P=0·01) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0·007 (sd 0·01) v. -0·006 (sd 0·02), P=0·01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those in patients in the placebo group. Supplementation resulted in significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (+2·7 (sd 7·0) v. -2·5 (sd 5·7) mg/dl, P=0·002), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-1320·1 (sd 3758·3) v. +464·0 (sd 3053·3) ng/ml, P=0·03) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (-0·4 (sd 0·5) v. -1·0 (sd 1·1) µmol/l, P=0·007) compared with placebo. Overall, vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on maximum levels of left CIMT and metabolic status. The effect of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on maximum levels of left CIMT could be a chance finding.

The effects of coenzyme Q10 administration on glucose homeostasis parameters, lipid profiles, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available indicating the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on metabolic status of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of CoQ10 administration on glucose homeostasis parameters, lipid profiles, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with MetS. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 60 overweight or obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease aged 40-85 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 30) received 100 mg CoQ10 supplements and group B (n = 30) received placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 8-week intervention to quantify glucose homeostasis parameters, lipid profiles and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, CoQ10 supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (-2.1 ± 7.1 vs. +4.1 ± 7.8 µIU/mL, P = 0.002) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 2.1 vs. +1.0 ± 2.0, P = 0.002) and homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function (-5.9 ± 22.2 vs. +15.9 ± 34.0, P = 0.005). In addition, patients who received CoQ10 supplements had a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+26.0 ± 105.0 vs. -162.2 ± 361.8 mmol/L, P = 0.008) compared with the placebo group. However, after adjustment for the baseline levels, age and baseline BMI, the effect on TAC levels (P = 0.08) disappeared. Additionally, compared with the placebo group, a significant positive trends in plasma glutathione (P = 0.06) and a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (P = 0.08) were seen among patients who received CoQ10 supplement. We did not observe any significant changes in fasting plasma glucose, lipid concentrations and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, daily intake of 100 mg CoQ10 supplements among patients with MetS for 8 weeks had beneficial effects on serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and plasma TAC concentrations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: www.irct.ir : IRCT201502245623N35.