[Respiratory functional characteristics of human leptospirosis]. / Aspectos funcionais respiratórios na leptospirose humana.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory impairment may be the main clinical manifestation of human leptospirosis. METHODS: With the aim of describing the respiratory functional characteristics of this disease, 21 patients were evaluated using pulse oximetry and spirometry at two times: an initial evaluation and after around 28 days. RESULTS: Two (9.5%) patients presented peripheral oxygen saturation of less than 95%. Normal spirometric patterns were observed in eight (38.1%); cases restrictive ventilatory disorders were inferred in seven (33.3%), obstructive disorders with reduced forced vital capacity in four (19%), and nonspecific disorders in two (9.5%). Abnormal spirometry findings were associated with worse APACHE II scores (p = 0.02) and abnormalities on chest x-ray (p = 0.05). After clinical resolution, significant functional gain was observed (p < 0.05) in the group of patients with abnormal spirometry findings. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that respiratory functional abnormalities were detected during the course of the disease and were associated with greater clinical severity and higher frequency of chest radiographic abnormalities.

Aspectos funcionais respiratórios na leptospirose humana / Respiratory functional characteristics of human leptospirosis

INTRODUÇÃO: O comprometimento respiratório da leptospirose humana pode ser sua principal manifestação clínica e comumente está associado a maior morbimortalidade. MÉTODOS: Objetivando descrever aspectos funcionais respiratórios nessa doença, foram analisados 21 pacientes com oximetrias de pulso e espirometrias em dois momentos: em avaliação inicial e após cerca de 28 dias. RESULTADOS: Dois (9,5 por cento) doentes tinham saturação periférica de oxigênio menor que 95 por cento. Padrões espirométricos normais foram observados em 8 (38,1 por cento) casos; distúrbios ventilatórios restritivos foram inferidos em 7 (33,3 por cento), obstrutivos com capacidade vital forçada reduzida em 4 (19 por cento), e inespecíficos em 2 (9,5 por cento). Espirometrias anormais se associaram a pior escore APACHE II (p=0,02) e anormalidades na radiografia de tórax (p=0,05). Após resolução clínica, verificou-se ganho funcional significativo (p<0,05) no grupo de pacientes com espirometria alterada. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações espirométricas foram detectadas no curso da enfermidade e estiveram associadas a pior gravidade clínica e maior freqüência de anormalidades radiológicas torácicas.

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory impairment may be the main clinical manifestation of human leptospirosis. METHODS: With the aim of describing the respiratory functional characteristics of this disease, 21 patients were evaluated using pulse oximetry and spirometry at two times: an initial evaluation and after around 28 days. RESULTS: Two (9.5 percent) patients presented peripheral oxygen saturation of less than 95 percent. Normal spirometric patterns were observed in eight (38.1 percent); cases restrictive ventilatory disorders were inferred in seven (33.3 percent), obstructive disorders with reduced forced vital capacity in four (19 percent), and nonspecific disorders in two (9.5 percent). Abnormal spirometry findings were associated with worse APACHE II scores (p = 0.02) and abnormalities on chest x-ray (p = 0.05). After clinical resolution, significant functional gain was observed (p < 0.05) in the group of patients with abnormal spirometry findings. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that respiratory functional abnormalities were detected during the course of the disease and were associated with greater clinical severity and higher frequency of chest radiographic abnormalities.