Gastrointestinal and sensory manifestations, nutrition management, and energy-protein intake in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal and sensory manifestations (GSMs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect food intake, resulting in malnutrition and poor outcomes. We characterized the impact of GSMs and oral nutrition supplementation on energy-protein intake (EPI) and hospital discharge in adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Patients from two hospitals were enrolled (n = 357). We recorded the presence and type of GSM at admission, estimated energy requirements (EER) and the EPI based on regular food intake (plate diagram sheets) during hospital stays. Patients not achieving 60% of their EER from food over 2 consecutive days received oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) with a high-energy-protein oral drink. RESULTS: Most patients (63.6%) presented with GSMs at admission. Anorexia was the most common manifestation (44%). Patients with anorexia or more than one GSMs were more likely to not achieve 60% EER on the first day of follow-up and to require the ONS intervention (P ≤ 0.050). Prevalence of at least one GSM was higher in patients who did not achieve hospital discharge than in patients who achieved it (74.2% vs 54.6%, P = 0.038). The patients requiring ONS (26.9%) demonstrated good adherence to the intervention (79.3%), achieved their EER during 95.7% of the supplementation time, and presented with hospital discharge rates similar to patients not requiring ONS (92.2% vs 91.9%, respectively; P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: GSM were prevalent in COVID-19 and it impaired EER attendance and patient recovery. ONS was well-tolerated, aided EER attendance, and potentially facilitated hospital discharge.

Performance of NUTRIC score to predict 28-day mortality in critically ill patients after replacing APACHE II with SAPS 3.

OBJECTIVES: The Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score has been advocated as a screening tool for nutrition risk assessment in critically ill patients. It was developed and validated to predict 28-day mortality using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score as one of its components. However, nowadays the Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) demonstrates better performance. We aimed to test the performance of NUTRIC score in predicting 28-day mortality after replacement of APACHE II by SAPS 3, and the interaction between nutrition adequacy and mortality. METHODS: Adult patients who received nutrition therapy and remained >3 days in intensive care unit were retrospectively evaluated. In order to replace APACHE II component, we used ranges of SAPS 3 with similar predicted mortality. Discrimination between these tools in predicting 28-day mortality was assessed using the ROC curve, calibration was evaluated with calibration belt, and correlation with intraclass correlation. The relationship between nutritional adequacy and mortality was assessed in a subgroup with available data. RESULTS: 542 patients were analyzed (median age of 78 years old, 73.4% admitted for non-surgical reasons and 28-day mortality was 18.1%). Mortality prediction discrimination did not differ between tools (p>0.05), but showed a good agreement (intraclass correlation 0.86) with good calibration. In the subgroup analysis for nutritional adequacy (n = 99), no association with mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: Performance of NUTRIC score with SAPS 3 is similar to the original tool. Therefore, it might be used in settings where APACHE II is not available.

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft- versus -host disease.

The Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft- versus -host disease was approved by Sociedade Brasileira de Transplante de Medula Óssea , with the participation of 26 Brazilian hematopoietic stem cell transplantation centers. It describes the main nutritional protocols in cases of Graft- versus -host disease, the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Microbial profile of symptomatic pericoronitis lesions: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The microbial composition of pericoronitis (Pc) is still controversial; it is not yet clear if the microbial profile of these lesions is similar to the profile observed in periodontitis (Pd). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the microbial profile of Pc lesions and compare it directly with that of subjects with Pd. METHODOLOGY: Subjects with Pc and Pd were selected, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from (i) third molars with symptomatic Pc (Pc-T), (ii) contralateral third molars without Pc (Pc-C) and (iii) teeth with a probing depth >3 mm from subjects with Pd. Counts and proportions of 40 bacterial species were evaluated using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with Pc and 18 with Pd were included in the study. In general, higher levels of microorganisms were observed in Pd. Only Actinomyces oris and Eubacterium nodatum were present in higher mean counts in the Pc-T group in comparison with the Pc-C and Pd-C groups (p<0.05). The microbiota associated with Pc-T was similar to that found in Pc-C. Sites with Pc lesions had lower proportions of red complex in comparison with the Pd sites. CONCLUSION: The microbiota of Pc is very diverse, but these lesions harbour lower levels of periodontal pathogens than Pd.

Microbial profile of symptomatic pericoronitis lesions: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: The microbial composition of pericoronitis (Pc) is still controversial; it is not yet clear if the microbial profile of these lesions is similar to the profile observed in periodontitis (Pd). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the microbial profile of Pc lesions and compare it directly with that of subjects with Pd. Methodology: Subjects with Pc and Pd were selected, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from (i) third molars with symptomatic Pc (Pc-T), (ii) contralateral third molars without Pc (Pc-C) and (iii) teeth with a probing depth >3 mm from subjects with Pd. Counts and proportions of 40 bacterial species were evaluated using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Results: Twenty-six patients with Pc and 18 with Pd were included in the study. In general, higher levels of microorganisms were observed in Pd. Only Actinomyces oris and Eubacterium nodatum were present in higher mean counts in the Pc-T group in comparison with the Pc-C and Pd-C groups (p<0.05). The microbiota associated with Pc-T was similar to that found in Pc-C. Sites with Pc lesions had lower proportions of red complex in comparison with the Pd sites. Conclusion: The microbiota of Pc is very diverse, but these lesions harbour lower levels of periodontal pathogens than Pd.

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft- versus -host disease / Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição no Transplante de Células Tronco Hematopoiéticas: doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Graft- versus -host disease was approved by Sociedade Brasileira de Transplante de Medula Óssea , with the participation of 26 Brazilian hematopoietic stem cell transplantation centers. It describes the main nutritional protocols in cases of Graft- versus -host disease, the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

RESUMO O Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição no Transplante de Células Tronco Hematopoiéticas: doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro foi aprovado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Transplante de Medula Óssea, com a participação de 26 centros brasileiros de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. O Consenso descreve as principais condutas nutricionais em casos de doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro, a principal complicação do transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas.

Uma questão preliminar às ações coletivas de combate ao machismo / A preliminary issue to collective actions to combat machismo

Partindo da constatação da dificuldade encontrada nas relações amorosas e sexuais entre homens e mulheres na atualidade, algumas reflexões sobre a relação do machismo com a constituição do inconsciente e da sexualidade são apresentadas. Procura-se ir além dos aspectos sociais e culturais do machismo com o objetivo de traçar suas raizes na situação de passividade inerente à sedução originária, tal como descrita por Jean Laplanche. Os três textos de Freud reunidos sob a rubrica "contribuições à psicologia do amor" são tomados como referência, e um texto recente, amplamente veiculado na internet, intitulado "A incrível geração de mulheres que foi criada para ser tudo o que um homem não quer", é analisado criticamente.

Starting from the difficulty found in loving and sexual relations between men and women today, some thoughts on machismo in relation to the constitution of the unconscious and sexuality are presented. An effort is made to go beyond the social and cultural aspects of machismo in order to trace its roots in the passive situation inherent in the original seduction, as described by Jean Laplanche. Freud's writings gathered under "contributions to the psychology of love" are taken as references, and a recent text, widely disseminated on the Internet, entitled "The incredible generation of women that was brought up to be everything a man does not want", is critically analyzed

Pneumocistosis asociada a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil / Pneumocystis associated to the human immunodeficiency virus in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Objetivo: este estudio retrospectivo investigó la prevalencia de neumopatía causada por Pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Los pacientes investigados fueron aquellos tratados en clínicas de neumología de algunos hospitales de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: entre enero de 2009 y julio de 2010 se examinaron 230 muestras de lavado bronquioalveolar obtenidas de pacientes de los 2 sexos en la franja etaria entre 14 y 41 años. Los lavados obtenidos se colorearon por el método de Giemsa y se analizaron por microscopia óptica. Resultados: la prevalencia general de la infección por Pneumocystis jirovecii fue de 23,5 por ciento (54 infectados de 230 muestras analizadas), con 22,3 por ciento en el sexo masculino (32 infectados de 142 examinados) y 25,6 por ciento en el femenino (21 mujeres infectadas de 82 examinadas), no demostrando diferencia significativa entre los géneros (ײ= 0,05, p> 0,05). La correlacción entre la infección y la franja etaria indicó que la infección aumenta conforme el incremento de la edad, sin embargo, de modo no significativo (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). Ese aumento ocurre de tal forma que la prevalencia en los grupos etarios entre 26 y 41 años representó, individualmente, más que el doble de la observada entre los pacientes más jóvenes de 15 a 25 años. Conclusión: los pacientes con sida son propensos a desarrollar neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii, con riesgo especial de colapso respiratorio(AU)

Objective: a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumopathy due to Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with the human immunodefiency virus (HIV). The patients surveyed were being treated at pneumological clinics of several hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: 230 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients of both sexes aged 14-41 were examined from January 2009 to July 2010. The lavage samples were stained by Giemsa's method and analyzed by optical microscopy. Results: overall prevalence of infection due to Pneumocystis jirovecii was 23.5 percent (54 infected of 230 examined), of whom 22.3 percent were male (32 infected of 142 examined) and 25.6 percent were female (21 infected of 82 examined), with no significant difference between the sexes (ײ= 0,05, p> 0,05). On the other hand, prevalence of the infection was found to increase with age, though not significantly (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). This increase occurs in such a way that prevalence in the 26-41 age group more than doubles that of the 15-25 age group. Conclusion: AIDS patients are prone to develop Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, with a marked risk of respiratory collapse(AU)

Pneumocistosis asociada a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil / Pneumocystis associated to the human immunodeficiency virus in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Objetivo: investigou a prevalência de pneumopatia causada por Pneumocystis jirovecii em pacientes com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Os pacientes pesquisados foram aqueles tratados em clínicas de pneumologia de alguns hospitais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.Métodos: entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2010 foram examinadas 230 amostras de enxague brônquio alveolar obtidos de pacientes de ambos os sexos na faixa etária entre 14 e 41 anos. Os lavados obtidos foram corados pelo método de Giemsa e analisados por microscopia óptica.Resultados: a prevalência geral da infecção por P. jirovecii foi de 23,5 % (54 infectados de 230 amostras analisadas), sendo 22,3 % no sexo masculino (32 infectados de 142 examinados) e 25,6 % no feminino (21 mulheres infectadas de 82 examinadas), não demonstrando diferença significativa entre os gêneros (x2= 0.05, p> 0.05). A correlação entre a infecção e a faixa etária indicou que a infecção aumenta conforme o aumento da idade, porém de forma insignificante (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). Esse aumento ocorre de tal forma que a prevalência nos grupos etários entre 26 e 41 anos representaram individualmente mais que o dobro da observada entre os pacientes mais jovens entre 15 e 25 anos.Conclusão: os pacientes com SIDA têm grande propensão a desenvolver pneumonia por Pneumocystis jirovecii, com risco especial de colapso respiratório.

Objetivo: este estudio retrospectivo investigó la prevalencia de neumopatía causada por Pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Los pacientes investigados fueron aquellos tratados en clínicas de neumología de algunos hospitales de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil.Métodos: entre enero de 2009 y julio de 2010 se examinaron 230 muestras de lavado bronquioalveolar obtenidas de pacientes de los 2 sexos en la franja etaria entre 14 y 41 años. Los lavados obtenidos se colorearon por el método de Giemsa y se analizaron por microscopia óptica.Resultados: la prevalencia general de la infección por Pneumocystis jirovecii fue de 23,5 % (54 infectados de 230 muestras analizadas), con 22,3 % en el sexo masculino (32 infectados de 142 examinados) y 25,6 % en el femenino (21 mujeres infectadas de 82 examinadas), no demostrando diferencia significativa entre los géneros (×2= 0,05, p> 0,05). La correlacción entre la infección y la franja etaria indicó que la infección aumenta conforme el incremento de la edad, sin embargo, de modo no significativo (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). Ese aumento ocurre de tal forma que la prevalencia en los grupos etarios entre 26 y 41 años representó, individualmente, más que el doble de la observada entre los pacientes más jóvenes de 15 a 25 años.Conclusión: los pacientes con sida son propensos a desarrollar neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii, con riesgo especial de colapso respiratorio.

Objective: a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumopathy due to Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients with the human immunodefiency virus (HIV). The patients surveyed were being treated at pneumological clinics of several hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Methods: 230 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients of both sexes aged 14-41 were examined from January 2009 to July 2010. The lavage samples were stained by Giemsa's method and analyzed by optical microscopy.Results: overall prevalence of infection due to Pneumocystis jirovecii was 23.5 % (54 infected of 230 examined), of whom 22.3 % were male (32 infected of 142 examined) and 25.6 % were female (21 infected of 82 examined), with no significant difference between the sexes (×2= 0,05, p> 0,05). On the other hand, prevalence of the infection was found to increase with age, though not significantly (rs= 0,78; p> 0,05). This increase occurs in such a way that prevalence in the 26-41 age group more than doubles that of the 15-25 age group.Conclusion: AIDS patients are prone to develop Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, with a marked risk of respiratory collapse.

Pneumonia por Pneumocystis jiroveci (PPC) em pacientes com SIDA atendidos em hospitais da Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection from hospitals of the Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Objetivos: Os autores investigaram a freqüência de P. jiroveci em pacientes sororreagentes para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (AIDS) atendidos em hospitais de municípios da Baixada Fluminense, bem como, reconhecer aspectos do padrão epidemiológico da infecção por P. jiroveci nesses pacientes. Método: Para a realização da pesquisa foram coletadas 266 amostras de lavado broncoalveolar de pacientes infectados pelo HIV atendidos em três hospitais da Baixada Fluminense, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Resultados: A infecção por Pneumocystis jiroveci foi diagnosticada em 26,3% das amostras, sendo 18% no sexo masculino e 8,3% no feminino. Os gêneros apresentaram freqüências semelhantes (26,8% em homens e 25,3% em mulheres) (X2= 0,07; p>0,05) e ao considerar a infecção por faixas etárias, também não se constatou diferença significativa (H=10,7; p<0,05). Entre eles ainda foram encontrados oito casos de tuberculose representando 3% do total examinado.

Objetives: The authors investigated the P. jiroveci prevalence and the epidemiological pattern of individuals with HIV infection and pulmonary infection concomitantly. Method: Were collected 266 samples of bronchoalveolar lavae of the HIV infection patients from three hospitals from Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Results: The overall prevalence of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection was 26.3%, been 18% in male and 8.3% in female. The sexes showed similar prevalence (26.8% in men and 25.3% in women) and considering the infection stratified by age category, except to female 10-15 years old group, all of them showed infection by the P. jiroveci. Both measurements without significant differences (among sex, X2= 0,07; among age category, H=10,7, p>0,05) respectively. From this survey eight cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, representing 3.0% of the total examined.

Espaço social e práticas de saúde bucal na estratégia de saúde da família, em uma capital do nordeste do Brasil / Social space and oral health practices the family health strategy, in Salvador city

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família tem se consolidado como forma de atuação da atenção primária no Brasil. A inserção de ações de saúde bucal tem sido incentivada desde 2001. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs), inseridos nas Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), no município de Salvador, no ano de 2008. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Oitenta e oito profissionais constituíram o universo da pesquisa; setenta e seis CDs concordaram em participar do estudo, havendo uma perda correspondente a 13,6%. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, autoaplicado com o objetivo de coletar informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas e ocupacionais dos CDs, como acesso à pós-graduação, inserção no setor privado, tempo de trabalho, forma de seleção e contrato de trabalho na ESF. Resultados: A maioria dos cirurgiões dentistas era do sexo feminino (75,0%), com faixa etária predominante entre 35 e 46 anos (36,8%) e com mais de onze anos de graduação (60,6%). Com relação à escolaridade, cursaram o ensino fundamental (75,0%) e médio (75,0%), em escolas privadas. Em relação à graduação, 80,3% realizaram-na em escolas públicas, sendo a UFBA a maior formadora, a qual contribuiu para formação de 67,1% dos CDs. O ingresso na ESF foi por meio de seleção pública (88,2%). Ressalta-se ainda que grande parte não atua no setor privado (73,7%), sendo o serviço público o principal e único empregador. Conclusão: O perfil profissional desse grupo pode ser considerado positivo, haja vista que a inserção no setor privado poderia comprometer as práticas desses profissionais, no setor público. Contudo, a formação específica, na área, pode ser um aspecto para melhoria dos gestores locais.

Schistosomiasis haematobia: histopathological course determined by cystoscopy in a patient in whom praziquantel treatment failed.

Schistosomiasis haematobia or urinary schistosomiasis is one of the main public health problems in Africa and the Middle East. A single dose of 40 mg praziquantel per kg body weight continues to be the treatment of choice for this infection. The aims of this follow-up were to study the post-treatment course of a patient infected with S. haematobium and not submitted to re-exposure, and to identify complications of the disease and/or therapeutic failure after praziquantel treatment by histopathological analysis. Treatments were repeated under medical supervision to ensure the correct use of the drug. In view of the suspicion of lesions in cystoscopy, the patient was submitted to bladder biopsy. The histopathological characteristics observed in biopsies obtained, after each treatment, indicated viability of parasite eggs and activity of granulomas.

Schistosomiasis haematobia: histopathological course determined by cystoscopy in a patient in whom praziquantel treatment failed / Esquistossomíase hematóbica: seguimento histopatológico determinado por cistoscopia em um paciente com falha terapêutica ao praziquantel

Schistosomiasis haematobia or urinary schistosomiasis is one of the main public health problems in Africa and the Middle East. A single dose of 40 mg praziquantel per kg body weight continues to be the treatment of choice for this infection. The aims of this follow-up were to study the post-treatment course of a patient infected with S. haematobium and not submitted to re-exposure, and to identify complications of the disease and/or therapeutic failure after praziquantel treatment by histopathological analysis. Treatments were repeated under medical supervision to ensure the correct use of the drug. In view of the suspicion of lesions in cystoscopy, the patient was submitted to bladder biopsy. The histopathological characteristics observed in biopsies obtained, after each treatment, indicated viability of parasite eggs and activity of granulomas.

A Esquistossomíase Hematóbica ou Esquistossomíase Urinária é um dos principais problemas de Saúde Pública na África e no Oriente Médio. Uma única dose de praziquantel 40 mg/kg de peso, continua sendo o tratamento de escolha para esta infecção. Os objetivos deste seguimento foram: avaliar o período pós-tratamento de um paciente infectado com Schistosoma haematobium e não submetido à re-exposição e, identificar as complicações da doença e/ou falha terapêutica, após o tratamento com praziquantel, por análise histopatológica de material obtido por biópsia vesical. O tratamento foi repetido sob supervisão médica para assegurar o uso correto do medicamento. Na presença de lesões suspeitas a cistoscopia, o paciente foi submetido a biópsia vesical. As características histopatológicas observadas nos materiais obtidos por biópsia, após cada tratamento, indicaram viabilidade de ovos e atividade dos granulomas.

Atenção à saúde do adolescente

Documento da série ‘Saúde em Casa’ abordando os aspectos da saúde do adolescente. Estabelece como estratégia principal a implantação de redes de atenção à saúde voltada ao atendimento às condições crônicas.

Cystoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary schistosomiasis in Brazilian soldiers returning from Mozambique, Africa.

The assessment of urinary schistosomiasis in individuals coming from endemic areas often requires diagnostic resources not used in areas of exposure in order to determine complications or to establish more precise criteria of cure. Cystoscopy and 24-hour urine examination were performed, after treatments with praziquantel 40 mg/kg body weight, single dose, on 25 Brazilian military men who were part of a United Nations peace mission to Mozambique in 1994. The median age of the individuals was 29 years and all presented a positive urine parasitological exam. The alterations detected by cystoscopy were hyperemia and granulomas in the vesical submucosa in 59.1% of the individuals and only granulomas in 40.9%. A vesical biopsy revealed granulomas in all patients and viable eggs in 77.3% even after a period during which the patients no longer excreted eggs in urine. Cystoscopy after treatment, followed by biopsy and histopathological evaluation, performed in areas where the evolution of the disease can be better monitored, was found to be a safe criterion of parasitological cure.

Cystoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of urinary schistosomiasis in Brazilian soldiers returning from Mozambique, Africa

A avaliação de esquistossomose urinária em indivíduos procedentes de áreas endêmicas, freqüentemente requer recursos diagnósticos não usados nas áreas de exposição, para determinar as complicações ou estabelecer um critério de cura mais preciso. A cistoscopia e o exame de urina de 24 horas foram realizados, após tratamentos com praziquantel na dose de 40 mg/kg de peso, dose única, em 25 militares brasileiros que participaram de uma Missão de Paz pela ONU em Moçambique no ano de 1994. A idade média dos indivíduos foi de 29 anos e todos apresentavam exame parasitológico de urina positivo. As alterações detectadas pela cistoscopia foram hiperemia e granulomas na submucosa vesical em 59.1% dos indivíduos e somente granulomas em 40.9%. A biópsia vesical revelou granulomas em todos os pacientes e ovos viáveis em 77.3%, mesmo após um período durante o qual os pacientes não mais eliminavam ovos pela urina. Após o tratamento, a cistoscopia seguida por biópsia e avaliação histopatológica, realizada em áreas onde a evolução da doença pode ser monitorada melhor, demonstrou ser um critério mais seguro de cura parasitológica.

Therapeutic failure of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Brazilians returning from Africa.

Several cases of therapeutic failure of praziquantel used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis have been reported. Alternative drugs, like niridazol and metrifonate, have shown a lower therapeutic effect and more side effects than praziquantel. Twenty-six Brazilian military men (median age of 29 years) with a positive urine parasitological exam who were part of a United Nation peace mission in Mozambique in 1994 were treated with 40 mg/kg body weight praziquantel, single dose. They swam in Licungo river (Mocuba city, Mozambique) during the weekends. After this, they presented haematuria, dysuria, polakiuria, and lumbar pain. Control cystoscopy examinations carried out between 6 and 24 months after each treatment (including two additional treatments at a minimum interval of 6 months) revealed the presence of viable eggs. Granulomas in the vesical submucosa were observed in 46.2% (12/26) of the individuals. A vesical biopsy confirmed the presence of granulomas in all of these patients and the presence of viable eggs in 34.3% (9/26) of individuals who no longer excreted eggs in urine. The eggs filled with miracidia showed characteristics of viability. Histopathological examination using different strains demonstrated therapeutic failure and the need for repeated treatment. In this study, we demonstrated a low efficacy of praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis haematobia, and the necessity of the urinary bladder biopsy as criterion of cure.

Therapeutic failure of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Brazilians returning from Africa

Several cases of therapeutic failure of praziquantel used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis have been reported. Alternative drugs, like niridazol and metrifonate, have shown a lower therapeutic effect and more side effects than praziquantel. Twenty-six Brazilian military men (median age of 29 years) with a positive urine parasitological exam who were part of a United Nation peace mission in Mozambique in 1994 were treated with 40 mg/kg body weight praziquantel, single dose. They swimmed in Licungo river (Mocuba city, Mozambique) during the weekends. After this, they presented haematuria, dysuria, polakiuria, and lumbar pain. Control cystoscopy examinations carried out between 6 and 24 months after each treatment (including two additional treatments at a minimum interval of 6 months) revealed the presence of viable eggs. Granulomas in the vesical submucosa were observed in 46.2 percent (12/26) of the individuals. A vesical biopsy confirmed the presence of granulomas in all of these patients and the presence of viable eggs in 34.3 percent (9/26) of individuals who no longer excreted eggs in urine. The eggs filled with miracidia showed characteristics of viability. Histopathological examination using different strains demonstrated therapeutic failure and the need for repeated treatment. In this study, we demonstrated a low efficacy of praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis haematobia, and the necessity of the urinary bladder biopsy as criterion of cure.