Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in the Brazilian Amazon during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: A COVID-19 pandemic erupted, causing a global viral pneumonia outbreak, marking the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. These changes profoundly impacted population health and well-being, leading to shifts in dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis study derived from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2019-2021) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 17 statistical program in the survey module (svy). RESULTS: We found an increased frequency in the subgroups of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the capital of the Brazilian Amazon region between the years 2019 and 2021. In the cities of Boa Vista and Macapá, there was a significant increase in the consumption of snacks, salty snacks, cookies, and meat products. Boa Vista and Macapá showed an increase in the percentage difference in the consumption ≥5 of ultra-processed subgroups, being 30.4% (p = 0.014) and 53.7% (p = 0.014), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon region during and after social distancing.

Improvement of digital Gabor holographic microscopy using a lens in plankton studies.

This work utilizes a Gabor Holographic Optical Scheme integrated with a microscope objective and a thin convex plane lens. This bi-telecentric lens system corrects spherical aberration from the objective, maintains consistent magnification across various reconstruction distances, and ensures a plane incidence on CMOS. Depending on the focal lengths of the objective and lens, the final image can be enlarged or reduced compared to the classic Gabor system, resulting in high-quality reconstructed phase images without spherical aberration. This setup was employed to capture phase distribution and intensity images of planktonic objects, such as copepods, achieving superior image quality.

Analyzing the COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Acre, Brazil: An Ecological Study.

The north region of Brazil is characterized by significant vulnerabilities, notably surpassing national poverty indicators. These disparities exacerbated the impact of respiratory illnesses on the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in areas with limited healthcare resources, inadequate infrastructure, and barriers to healthcare access. The crisis was further influenced by multiple lineages that emerged as significant virus variants associated with increased transmissibility. Within this context, our ecological study focused on analyzing the epidemiological evolution of COVID-19 in the state of Acre. We constructed time-series trends in incidence, lethality, and mortality from March 2020 to December 2022 using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Our findings revealed that in 2020, there was an increasing trend in incidence, while mortality and lethality continued to decrease (p < 0.05). In the following year, both incidence and mortality decreased, while lethality increased at a rate of 1.02% per day. By the end of 2022, trends remained stationary across all rates. These results underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance and adaptive public health measures to bolster the resilience of healthcare systems in remote and vulnerable regions. Indeed, continuous monitoring of the most predominant SARS-CoV-2 lineages and their dynamics is imperative. Such proactive actions are essential for addressing emerging challenges and ensuring effective responses to adverse situations.

Traffic accident mortality of motorcyclists, pedestrians and hospital costs in the city of São Paulo

Introduction: the United Nations recognizes traffic accidents as a serious public health problem all over the world, because they are accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate. Traffic causes the death of approximately 1.3 million people and the disability of millions more.Objective: to evaluate mortality from traffic accidents among motorcyclists, pedestrians and hospital costs that occurred in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1999 to 2019.Methods: this is a retrospective time series study with official micro data, collected by place of occurrence among motorcycle drivers, pedestrians and hospital costs from 1999 to 2019, in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Results: in the city of São Paulo, from 1999 to 2019, there were 144,186 thousand deaths resulting from land transport accidents, projecting 5,293 thousand deaths specifically with motorcyclists. Proportional mortality from was higher in the mean age group of 29 years, predominantly in males, with emphasis on white race/skin color. The costs per death stand out for motorcyclists with an average of R$: 49,078.18, with regard to deaths by sex, male predominated in relation to female.Conclusion: there was a high death rate, both in motorcyclists and pedestrians, with the latter having a higher average. Thus, these findings provide relevant information on the magnitude of the public health problem to guide us on control strategies for these causes.

A macroporous resin purification process to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Chilean brown seaweeds: An UHPLC-MSn profiling.

An efficient macroporous resin purification process was designed to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts from the seaweeds Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata. Phlorotannins were profiled to relate structures with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied for tentative identification. The best phlorotannin purification performance was achieved with HP-20 resin and elution with 80% v/v ethanol. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectivity of HP-20 resin for removing potentially toxic elements (As, Cd) from seaweed extracts. Fucols/phlorethols/fucophlorethols isomers up to 4 phloroglucinol units (PGU) were the most representative phlorotannins. High molecular weight species (11-21 PGU), although in low abundances, were detected in D. incurvata for the first time. Eckols, carmalols, fuhalols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were also detected. Some extracts' potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were related to their high phlorotannin abundances, the presence of phlorotannins of a high degree of polymerization, and the phlorotannins class.

Efectividad de antimicrobianos como coadyuvantes del raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de la periodontitis del adulto

Fundamento: existen escasos estudios que evalúen la aplicación subgingival de antimicrobianos en el tratamiento de la periodontitis del adulto. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de antimicrobianos como coadyuvantes del raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de la periodontitis leve y moderada del adulto. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención terapéutica, realizado en la Clínica Estomatológica de Santiago de Cuba, entre noviembre 2018 y septiembre 2021, sobre 144 pacientes con diagnóstico de periodontitis crónica leve y moderada. Mediante el método probabilístico aleatorio simple, se conformaron tres grupos con 48 integrantes, de forma voluntaria. El grupo control tratado con el raspado y alisado radicular y dos grupos de estudio en que, además, se aplicó una concentración subgingival de tetraciclina y azitromicina, respectivamente. Los pacientes fueron examinados y evaluados a los siete días, al mes y tres meses. Se empleó el análisis de varianza ANOVA para evaluar la igualdad de medias y la prueba ji-cuadrado para la efectividad de curación con un 95 % de confiabilidad. Resultados: hubo reducción de profundidad de sondaje y mayor ganancia de inserción clínica en los tres grupos, pero a favor de los grupos de estudio. Todas las terapias fueron efectivas, pero obtuvo mayor curación el grupo dos (RAR + Tetraciclina) con 97,9 %. Conclusiones: las aplicaciones subgingivales de tetraciclina y azitromicina resultaron efectivas como coadyuvantes del raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de la periodontitis leve y moderada del adulto; con la tetraciclina se logró mayor mejoramiento de parámetros clínicos, disminución de profundidad de sondaje, ganancia de inserción clínica y menor tiempo de curación.

Background: there are few studies that evaluate the subgingival application of antimicrobials in adult periodontitis. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobials as contributing for scaling and root planing in the treatment of mild and moderate periodontitis in adults. Methods: quasi-experimental study of therapeutic intervention, carried out at the Santiago de Cuba Stomatological Clinic, between November 2018 and September 2021, on 144 patients diagnosed with mild and moderate chronic periodontitis. Using the simple random probabilistic method, three groups with 48 members were formed voluntarily. The control group treated with scaling and root planing and two study groups in which, in addition, a subgingival concentration of tetracycline and azithromycin, respectively, was applied. The patients were examined and evaluated at seven days, one month and three months. ANOVA analysis of variance was used to evaluate the equality of means and the chi-square test for the effectiveness of healing with 95% reliability. Results: there was a reduction in probing depth and greater gain in clinical attachment in the three groups, but in favor of the study groups. All therapies were effective, but group two (RAR + Tetracycline) obtained a greater cure with 97.9%. Conclusions: subgingival applications of tetracycline and azithromycin were effective as adjuvants for scaling and root planing in mild and moderate periodontitis in adults; Tetracycline achieved greater improvement in clinical parameters, decreased probing depth, gain in clinical attachment, and shorter healing time.

Vectocardiographic analysis of right ventricular electrical conduction delay

Introdução: A interpretação eletrocardiográfica do atraso final da condução no ramo do ventrículo direito do coração já gerou algumas hipóteses de que esse ramo direito não é único como demonstrado anatomicamente e que pode ser divido em ramos terminais distintos quando analisamos o traçado através do vetocardiograma.Método: Separados 227 eletrocardiogramas com características típicas definidas como atraso final de condução dos pacientes do serviço de eletrocardiografia do Centro Universitário FMABC, de ambos os sexos na faixa de idade de 18 a 87 anos, etnias, peso e estatura variadas com fatores de risco cardiovascular ou sem fator de risco, realizamos vetocardiograma nesses pacientes para observar o comportamento da porção final da condução elétrica. Resultado: Analisando os traçados vetocardiográficos dos pacientes que apresentavam o atraso final de condução no eletrocardiograma, confirmamos no registro pelo plano frontal, a presença do atraso final de condução, porém registravam em três regiões distintas; 103 pacientes no quadrante superior direito entre -120º e -150º, 45 pacientes no quadrante inferior direito entre +170º e -170º e medial e 79 pacientes no quadrante inferior direito entre +110º e + 140º.Conclusão: A despolarização elétrica do coração no ventrículo direito no traçado eletrocardiográfico aparentemente registra alterações típicas que podemos diagnosticar como uma despolarização de um feixe único, porém ao realizarmos vetocardiograma, registramos três zonas distintas de despolarização ventricular direita com atraso, ou seja, três setores distintos da parede livre do ventrículo direito como atraso Tipo I (superior), Tipo II (inferior), e Tipo III (medial).

Introduction: The electrocardiographic interpretation of end conduction delay (ECD) in the right ventricular branch of the heart has already generated some hypotheses that this right branch is not single, as anatomically demonstrated, and can be divided into distinct terminal branches when we analyze tracings through the vectorcardiogram.Methods: There were 227 electrocardiograms selected, with typical characteristics defined as ECD of patients from the electrocardiography service of the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, of both sexes, in the age range of 18 to 87 years, with varied ethnicities, weight and height, with cardiovascular risk factors or without them. We performed vectorcardiograms in these patients to observe the behavior of the final portion of electrical conduction.Results: Analyzing the vectorcardiographic tracings of patients who presented ECD in electrocardiogram, we confirmed in the recording by the frontal plane, the presence of ECD but recorded in three distinct regions; 103 patients in the right upper quadrant between -120° and -150°, 45 patients in the right lower quadrant between +170° and -170°, and medial, and 79 patients in the right lower quadrant between +110° and + 140°.Conclusion: Electrical depolarization of the heart in the right ventricle in electrocardiographic tracings apparently records typical alterations that we can diagnose as depolarization of a single bundle; but when we performed vectorcardiograms, we recorded three distinct zones of right ventricular depolarization with delay; i.e., three distinct sectors of right ventricle free wall delay, such as type I (upper), type II (lower) and type III (medial).

Brugada syndrome unmasked by fever and paradoxical lower degree of dromotropic disturbance in the right ventricular outflow tract

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited clinical-electrocardiographic arrhythmic entity with an autosomal dominant genetic pattern of inheritance or de novo variant. The syndrome has low worldwide prevalence, but is endemic in Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Philippines and Japan). The BrS is a subtle structural heart disease (SHD), and the diagnosis is only possible when the so-called type 1 Brugada ECG pattern is spontaneously present or induced for example with fever. Repolarization-depolarization disturbances in BrS patients can be caused by genetic mutations, abnormal neural crest cell migration, low expression of connexin-43 gap junction protein, or connexome disturbances. A recent autopsy study revealed increase in biventricular collagen with myocardial fibrosis when compared with control subjects although the main affected cardiac territory is the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). In this location, there is abnormally low expression of significant connexin-43 gap junction responsible for the electro-vectorcardiographic manifestations of terminal QRS conduction delay in the right standard precordial leads (V1-V2), high right precordial leads (V1H-V2H), as well as in the unipolar aVR lead ("the forgotten lead"). Based on their location, these leads reflect the electrical activity of the RVOT.

A síndrome de Brugada (SBr) é uma entidade arrítmica clínico-eletrocardiográfica hereditária com padrão genético autossômico dominante de herança ou variante de novo. A síndrome tem baixa prevalência mundial, porém sendo endêmica no Sudeste Asiático (Tailândia, Filipinas e Japão). A SBr é uma doença cardíaca minimamente estrutural, sendo o diagnóstico só possível na presença do chamado padrão ECG de Brugada tipo 1 espontâneo ou induzido, por exemplo, a febre. Os distúrbios de repolarização-despolarização em pacientes com SBr podem ser causados por mutações genéticas responsáveis pela migração anormal de células da crista neural, baixa expressão "gap junctions" conexina-43 ou distúrbios do conexoma. Um estudo recente de autópsia revelou aumento do colágeno biventricular com fibrose miocárdica quando comparado aos controles, embora o principal território cardíaco afetado seja a via de saída do ventrículo direito (VSVD). Nessa área, há menor expressão da conexina-43, o que se traduz no ECG-VCG por atraso final de condução do QRS nas derivações precordiais direitas (V1-V2), precordiais direitas altas (V1H-V2H), bem como na derivação unipolar aVR ("a derivação esquecida"). Com base em sua localização, esses eletrodos refletem a atividade elétrica da VSVD

Factors associated with incidence and mortality by road accidents involving motorcyclists and pedestrians: a rapid systematic review / Fatores associados à incidência e mortalidade por acidentes de estrada envolvendo motociclistas e pedestres: uma revisão sistemática rápida

Introduction: traffic accidents are the third leading cause of death in the world. Vulnerable road users do not benefit from a high level of protection. As such, they face devastating consequences when involved in accidents. Objective: to analyze the incidence and mortality, and associated factors in traffic accidents among motorcyclists and pedestrians. Methods: rapid Systematic review of articles from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science databases using the descriptors Mortality, Accidents, traffic, Motorcyclists and Pedestrians. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies involving pedestrians and motorcyclists; (2) the object of study is traffic accidents; (3) articles that studied mortality; and (4) articles published in the last ten years (2010-2019). Results: of the 206 articles found, 19 met the inclusion criteria. Factors such as increased sales of motorcycles, darkness on the roads, older pedestrians, lack of safety equipment for motorcyclists, and drug and alcohol intake contribute to the increase of the mortality rate of these individuals. Conclusion: mortality due to traffic accidents involving pedestrians and motorcyclists has increased during the analyzed period, especially among men.

Introdução: os acidentes de trânsito são a terceira causa de morte no mundo. Os usuários vulneráveis da estrada não têm um alto nível de proteção como outros tipos de vítimas. Portanto, esses indivíduos enfrentam consequências devastadoras quando envolvidos em acidentes. Objetivo: identificar a tendência da mortalidade, incidência e fatores associados aos acidentes de trânsito entre motociclistas e pedestres por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das bases de indexação da National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (VHL) e Web of Science utilizando os descritores Mortality AND Accidents, Traffic AND Motorcycles AND Pedestrians. Para a seleção dos artigos, foram incluídos aqueles que obedeciam aos seguintes critérios: população que (1) inclui motociclistas e pedestres e (2) se envolveu em acidentes de trânsito; e artigos que (3) estudaram mortalidade, incidência e / ou fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito e (4) foram publicados nos últimos 10 anos.Resultados: dos 206 artigos encontrados, 19 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Fatores como aumento da venda de motocicletas, escuridão das vias, pedestres mais velhos, falta de equipamentos de segurança para os motociclistas e ingestão de drogas e / ou álcool contribuem para o aumento da taxa de mortalidade e incidência desses indivíduos. Conclusão: a mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito com pedestres e motociclistas tem aumentado nos últimos anos, com alta prevalência de mortalidade entre os homens. A maioria dos acidentes foi devido a falhas humanas e / ou deficiências nas vias públicas.

COVID-19 and influenza: implications in the public health context / COVID-19 e influenza: implicações no contexto da saúde pública

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a major impact on health and social systems around the world. The COVID-19 and influenza manifest themselves in a similar way, causing respiratory diseases that can present asymptomatically, as well as from the cold to severe respiratory problems until death. The form of transmission is similar, through contact with droplets or particles of saliva and secretions, which implies preventive actions that involve the same hygiene measures, use of masks and the need to cough using the elbow or disposable tissues. This characterizes a syndemic. It becomes necessary to monitor these diseases so that there are parameters for better decision-making on the appropriate clinical management of these respective diseases.

A pandemia de COVID-19 causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 continua a ter um grande im-pacto nos sistemas de saúde e sociais em todo o mundo. torna-se necessário que haja monitoramento dessas doenças para que assim, tenha-se parâmetros para melhor tomada de decisão sobre a gestão clínica adequada sobre essas respectivas doenças. Os dois vírus se manifestam de forma semelhante, ao causarem doenças respiratórias que podem se apresentar de forma assintomáticas, assim como do resfriado a problemas respiratórios graves até a morte. A forma de transmissão são parecidas, por contato com gotículas ou partículas de saliva e secreções, o que implica nas ações de prevenção que perpassam pelas mesmas medidas higienização, uso de máscaras e a necessidade de tossir usando o cotovelo ou lenções descartáveis. Isto caracteriza uma sindemia.

Preterm newborns undergoing selective correction surgery of the patent ductus arteriosus: is there still space for these procedures? / Recém-nascidos pré-termos submetidos à cirurgia seletiva da persistência do canal arterial: ainda há espaço para esses procedimentos?

INTRODUCTION: The ductus arteriosus is a small fetal structure that connects two large arteries (aorta and pulmonary) but becomes pathological when it is maintained after birth. Morbidities associated with persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may lead to the conclusion that the best approach is early surgical treatment. However, there is evidence that expectant (more selective) surgical management may reduce the chances of unnecessary surgeries and their risks. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and surgical profile of preterm newborns submitted to selective correction surgery of the patent ductus arteriosus. METHODS: This paper contemplates a series of cases, in which all patients submitted to the surgical treatment of PDA in preterm infants were described retrospectively (2009-2016), through the analysis of medical records of the Santa Marcelina Hospital, SP-Brazil. RESULTS: During this period, there were 13 cases of premature infants who underwent selective surgical correction of PDA. Gestational age was 26.92 weeks, maternal age ranged from 15 to 44, birth weight varied between 650 and 1500g, mostly women (61.54%). The diameter of the ductus arteriosus ranged from 1.7 to 4.1 mm, four patients had complex congenital heart disease (30.77%). The median courses of indomethacin were 1.77, congestive heart failure was shown in 11 patients (84.62%), the median age at surgery was 27.69 days and the median duration of orotracheal intubation was 22.62 days. The weight of the newborns at the time of the surgical act varied between 900 and 1820g. The postoperative complications were mostly infectious, with nine patients with bronchopneumonia (69.23%), one patient had pneumothorax. Sepsis occurred in two cases (15.35%) that died due to the same complication (15.35%). CONCLUSION: All preterm newborns who underwent surgery had birth weight less than 1500g. The median arterial canal was 3.05 mm in diameter. The median gestational age was 26.92 weeks and 62% of the cases were female. The most frequent surgical technique was the triple clipping, there was no bleeding or reoperation in this series of cases.

INTRODUÇÃO: O canal arterial é uma pequena estrutura fetal que comunica duas grandes artérias (aorta e pulmonar), mas que se torna patológica quando se mantem após o nascimento. As morbidades associadas à persistência do canal arterial (PCA) podem levar à conclusão de que a melhor conduta seja o tratamento cirúrgico precoce. No entanto, há evidências de que a conduta cirúrgica expectante (seletiva), poderia diminuir os riscos de cirurgias desnecessárias e suas complicações OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil clínico-cirúrgico dos recém-nascidos pré-termos (RNPT) submetidos à cirurgia seletiva de correção da Persistência do Canal Arterial MÉTODO: Este trabalho contempla uma série de casos, onde foram descritos retrospectivamente (2009-2016) todos os recém-nascidos submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de PCA em RNPT através da análise de prontuários do Hospital Santa Marcelina, SP-Brasil RESULTADOS: Neste período, observou-se 13 casos de prematuros que foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica seletiva da PCA. A idade gestacional média foi de 26,92 semanas, a idade materna variou entre 15 e 44 anos. O peso ao nascimento variou entre 650 e 1500g e houve prevalência do sexo feminino (61,54%). O diâmetro do canal arterial variou entre 1,7 e 5 mm, quatro recém-nascidos apresentaram cardiopatia congênita complexa (30,77%). A média de ciclos de indometacina foi de 1,77. A insuficiência cardíaca congestiva se evidenciou em 11 recém-nascidos (84,62%); a idade média no ato cirúrgico foi de 27,69 dias e a média do tempo de intubação orotraqueal foi de 22,62 dias. O peso no momento do ato cirúrgico variou entre 900 e 1820g. As complicações pós-operatórias foram em sua maioria infecciosas, observando-se nove recém-nascidos com broncopneumonia (69,23%); um paciente apresentou pneumotórax. Ocorreram sepse em dois casos (15,35%) que evoluíram para óbito por esta mesma complicação (15,35% CONCLUSÃO: Todos os RNPT que foram submetidos a cirurgia tiveram peso ao nascimento menor de 1500g. A média de canal arterial foi de 3,05 mm de diâmetro. A idade gestacional média foi de 26,92 semanas e 62% dos casos eram do sexo feminino. A técnica cirúrgica mais frequente foi a da tripla clipagem, não houve sangramento ou reoperação nesta série de casos. A cirurgia seletiva de PCA ainda se faz necessária nos dias atuais

Fractality and chaotic behavior of heart rate variability as hypotension predictors after spinal anesthesia: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial / Fractalidade e comportamento caótico da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca como preditores de hipotensão após raquianestesia: protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado

INTRODUCTION: All drugs and techniques that induce the anesthetic state act in some way in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The administration of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space produces motor, sensitive and sympathetic block, with latencies and variable and independent block levels. The motor block is the first to install, followed by the sympathetic and the sensitive. Sympathetic blockage affects 2 to 6 dermatomes above the sensory block. The recovery of spinal anesthesia is assessed through a scale defined in 1979 by Bromage and is based exclusively on the return of motor function and does not take into account the recovery of ANS activity. The persistence of sympathetic block may imply a higher incidence of urinary retention, bradycardia and hypotension OBJECTIVE: To assess cardiac autonomic modulation during perioperative hypotension caused by subarachnoid anesthesia. METHODS: A randomised, double-blind clinical trial will be performed in a large hospital located in the southern region of Ceará, Brazil and at the HUJB in Cajazeiras, Paraíba. Sixty patients from the anaesthesia outpatient clinic were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: one group received Bupivacaine with clonidine, and the other group received only bupivacaine at a dose of 15 mg. The sample consisted of 60 ASA patients I to III, submitted to orthopedic surgery of lower limbs and lower abdomen under spinal anesthesia. The Heart Rate Variability will be evaluated in three moments: rest, before anesthesia; 20 min after the blockade was installed, and at the time of motor function recovery according to the Bromage criteria and prognostic indices will be evaluated in the development of perioperative hypotension in two groups. Linear methods will be used in the frequency domain and non-linear in chaos domain, Poincaré plot, approximate entropy, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Correlation Dimension. The data will be collected through a Polar V800® heart rate meter and properly submitted for analysis and filtering by Kubios 3.0® software. DISCUSSION: In the literature we find data evaluating the installation of sympathetic block through HRV using linear methods however, there is a lack of studies using methods based on the domain of chaos. Some studies address the value of HRV as a predictor of hypotension following subarachnoid anesthesia, mainly using linear methods in the frequency domain. It is understood to be important to analyze these factors using methods already validated in the domain of chaos, complexity and fractality, more compatible with the complexity of the behavior of biological systems, in the characterization of the autonomic function during the subarachnoid anesthesia. : The clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) under the number RBR-4Q53D6.

INTRODUÇÃO: Todas as drogas e técnicas que induzem o estado anestésico atuam de alguma forma no SNA. A administração de anestésicos locais no espaço subaracnóideo produz bloqueio motor, sensitivo e simpático, com latências e níveis de bloqueio variáveis e independentes. O bloqueio motor é o primeiro a ser instalado, seguido pelo simpático e sensitivo. O bloqueio simpático afeta de 2 a 6 dermátomos acima do bloqueio sensitivo. A recuperação da raquianestesia é avaliada através de uma escala definida em 1979 por Bromage e baseia-se exclusivamente no retorno da função motora e não leva em conta a recuperação da atividade da SNA. A persistência do bloqueio simpático pode implicar em maior incidência de retenção urinária, bradicardia e hipotensão OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca durante anestesia subaracnóidea por meio de métodos lineares no domínio da frequência e métodos não lineares no domínio caos e definir a duração do bloqueio autonômico em raquianestesia através desses parâmetros, bem como identificar índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) que podem ser usados como preditores de hipotensão perioperatória MÉTODO: Um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego será realizado em um hospital de grande porte localizado na região sul do Ceará, no Brasil, e no HUJB em Cajazeiras, na Paraíba. Sessenta pacientes do ambulatório de anestesia serão incluídos. Os pacientes serão divididos em dois grupos: um grupo receberá Bupivacaína com clonidina e o outro grupo receberá apenas bupivacaína na dose de 15 mg. A amostra será composta por 60 pacientes ASA I a III, a serem submetidos a cirurgia ortopédica de membros inferiores e abdome inferior sob raquianestesia. A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca será avaliada em três momentos: repouso, antes da anestesia; 20 min após a instalação do bloqueio, e no momento da recuperação da função motora, de acordo com os critérios de Bromage. Será avaliada a incidência de hipotensão perioperatória nos dois grupos. Métodos lineares serão utilizados no domínio da freqüência e não-lineares no domínio do caos: plot de Poincaré, entropia aproximada, Análise de Flutuação Destendenciada (DFA) e Dimensão de Correlação. Os dados serão recolhidos através de um cardiofrequencímetro Polar V800® e devidamente submetidos para análise e filtragem pelo software Kubios 3.0® DISCUSSÃO: Na literatura encontramos dados avaliando a instalação do bloqueio simpático através da VFC utilizando métodos lineares, no entanto, faltam estudos utilizando métodos baseados no domínio do caos. Alguns estudos abordam o valor da VFC como um preditor de hipotensão após a anestesia subaracnóidea, principalmente usando métodos lineares no domínio da frequência. Entende-se ser importante analisar esses fatores utilizando métodos já validados no domínio do caos, complexidade e fractalidade, mais compatíveis com a complexidade do comportamento dos sistemas biológicos, na caracterização da função autonômica durante a anestesia subaracnóidea. : O ensaio clínico foi registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) sob o número RBR-4Q53D6

Propiedades psicométricas de una herramienta de evaluación para las redes focales de adolescentes infractores de ley / Psychometric properties of an assessment tool for the focal point networks of adolescent offenders having broken the law / Propriedades psicométricas de uma ferramenta de avaliação para redes focais de menores delinquentes

Resumen El grupo de pares constituye uno de los espacios relacionales más importantes en la adolescencia. Si la red de pares con la que un adolescente cuenta, practica conductas riesgosas, se constituye en un factor de riesgo para que dicho adolescente también las realice. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo la validación de un instrumento de evaluación de las redes focales de adolescentes (Inventario de Recursos Sociocomunitarios centrado en las Redes Focales del/la adolecente o IRS-F). Constituye un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, y utiliza pruebas de correlación, comparación de medias y análisis de confiabilidad. La muestra fue de 138 adolescentes infractores de ley, entre 14 y 19 años, con una media de 16,4 (SD=1,10), residentes en el sur de Chile. Se indaga en la confiabilidad interjueces y consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach de 0,790 y 0,868 en sus dos escalas), y se obtienen indicadores adecuados de validez concurrente y discriminante. Los resultados, en general, son consistentes con los encontrados en la literatura internacional.

Abstract The peer group is one of the more important relational spaces in adolescence. If the peer network an adolescent counts with exhibits risky conducts, it becomes a risk factor for this adolescent to carry them out. The objective of this study was the validation of an assessment instrument of the adolescents' focal point networks, the IRS-F (literally: Inventory of Socio-community Resources Focused on the Focal Point Networks of the Adolescent). It is study of quantitative nature and uses correlation evidences, comparison of averages, and reliability analysis. The simple consisted of 138 adolescent offenders between 14 nd 19 years of age, with and average of 16.4 (SD=1.10), residing in the south of Chile. Inter-judge reliability and internal consistence are delved into (Cronbach Alpha of 0.790 and 0,868 in their two scales), and proper concurrent and discriminating validity indicators are obtained. Results are generally consistent with those found in the international literature.

Resumo O grupo de pares é um dos espaços relacionais mais importantes na adolescência. Se a rede de pares com a qual um adolescente tem, pratica comportamentos de risco, constitui um fator de risco para o adolescente, que também vai executar. Este estudo teve como objetivo validar uma ferramenta de avaliação de redes focais de adolescentes (Inventário de Recursos sócio-comunitários centrado nas redes focais do adolescente ou IRS-F). É um estudo quantitativo, e utiliza testes de correlação, e comparação de mídia e análise de fiabilidade. A amostra consistiu em 138 jovens delinquentes entre 14 e 19 anos, com uma média de 16.4 (SD = 1,10), residentes no sul do Chile. Explora-se a fiabilidade inter-juizes e consistencia interna (Alpha de Cronbach de 0,790 e 0,868, em duas escalas), e indicadores adequados de validade concorrente e discriminante são obtidos. Os resultados são, em gerla, consistentes com aqueles encontrados na literatura internacional.

[Ultrasound scan of the fetal thymus]. / Evaluación ecográfica del timo fetal.

There is an increased interest nowadays on ultrasound analysis of the fetal thymus. Abnormal fetal thymic growth have been associated with DiGeorge syndrome, conotruncal cardiac malformations, chromosomal abnormalities and adverse outcome in different perinatal conditions as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth and others. Different methodologies that measure the fetal thymus by ultrasound have been published, however there is not a consensus of which one is the most useful. Our aim is to describe these methodologies and discuss their clinical applications.

[Perinatal outcome after prenatal diagnosis of intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix]. / Resultados perinatales luego del diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal de variz de la vena umbilical intra-abdominal.

BACKGROUND: Progress in echographic techniques, particularly, high-resolution echography and color Doppler, as well the higher deep on knowledge and systematization in fetal anatomy exploration, are the main responsible of the increased number of cardiovascular anomalies diagnosed prenatally. OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic findings and perinatal outcomes in cases with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study of cases with prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical vein varix. The diagnosis is performed at the level of the abdominal circumference when the diameter of the vessel is above the established parameters for a certain gestational age. Variables concerning maternal-fetal features, ultrasound findings and perinatal outcomes of affected cases are described. RESULTS: From August 2008 to August 2012 14 cases of intraabdominal umbilical vein varix were diagnosed in our center with a mean gestational age at diagnosis of 29 weeks. Of the 14 cases, 35% had associated anomalies, mostly cardiovascular anomalies. No chromosomal defects were detected. Perinatal outcomes in newborns were favorable, with mean gestational age at delivery of 38 weeks. Only one case of monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregnancy required preterm elective termination secondary to a twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix should be followed by further studies given its possible association with other anomalies, chromosomal defects and cases of stillbirth. However, isolated cases of umbilical vein varix, representing a majority, often evolve favorably with few complications.

Clinical value of lead aVR.

Lead aVR is the only lead in the surface ECG that does not face the "typically" relevant walls of the left ventricle. Historically, its value has been neglected most likely due to its unusual configuration and direction, which appeared to have little correlation with other more congruous and easily diagnostic frontal leads. The isolation of the unipolar leads in the Standard surface ECG presentation may also have played an important role. Even with this "unfair" neglect, we know nowadays that it is very sensitive to locate obstructed epicardial coronary arteries. Besides helping distinguishing the culprit lesion of an infarct, lead aVR also helps recognizing other conditions that could be of clinical significance such as pericarditis, Brugada syndrome, fascicular blocks of the right branch, ectopic left atrial rhythms, etc. The purpose of this review is to revise the clinical value of lead aVR in the recognition of frequent and not so frequent clinical conditions.

Progressive conduction disturbance in myotonic dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy (DM), the commonest dystrophy in adults, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a variety of multisystemic features. Two main genetically distinct forms of DM have been identified: type 1 (DM1), the classic form first described by Steinert, and type 2 (DM2), identified by Ricker. DM1 is caused by trinucleotide expansion of cytosine- -thymine-guanine (CTG) in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene, whereas in DM2 the expansion of tetranucleotide repeats (CCTG) in the zinc finger protein 9 gene was identified. Both mutations are dynamic and are located in non-coding parts of the genes. Phenotype variability of DM1 and DM2 is caused by a molecular mechanism due to mutated RNA toxicity. DM1 is characterized by myotonia and multi-organ damage with major cardiac involvement. The disease is usually slowly progressive and life expectancy is reduced by the increased mortality associated with cardiopulmonary complications. Sudden death can occur as a consequence of cardiac-conduction abnormalities. We present the ECG of a 26 year-old male with DM1 and progressive conduction system disturbance characterized by syncopal episodes.

Status of body dysmorphic disorder in Argentina.

Although body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has received recent attention, it remains misunderstood and under-studied. The Argentine population seeks out plastic surgery at a disproportionate rate and exhibits high rates of preoccupation with bodily dissatisfaction, yet BDD is unrecognized and research is limited. The current study describes the prevalence, quality of life, and presentation style of BDD in depressed adolescents, as depression is the most common symptom for which adolescents seek treatment in Argentina. Twenty-five depressed adolescents and 85 non-depressed students were initially assessed for depression and BDD and subdivided depending on BDD status. Participants were assessed on various constructs including obsessions and compulsions, overvalued ideas, and overall level of impairment. A 2×2 factorial design was employed, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Significant main effects were observed for all dependent measures (BDI, OVIS, YBOCS, and Sheehan Disability Scale) for depressed vs. non-depressed participants and BDD status; significant interactions were observed between independent variables for all dependent measures. Depressed adolescents had significantly higher scores on the YBOCS-BDD, OVIS, BDI, and the Sheehan Disability Scale compared to non-depressed participants; furthermore, individuals reporting BDD symptoms reported significantly higher scores on the YBOCS-BDD, OVIS, BDI, and Sheehan Disability Scale. Significant interactions are discussed according to BDD status and depression on dependent measures. Patients with BDD have poor quality of life and present with anxiety and depression, yet it still remains underdiagnosed.