Health Promoting Universities and the salutogenic theory: contemporary challenges in the Latin American reality.

The objective is to reflect on the existing articulation between Aaron Antonovsky's salutogenic theory and Health Promoting Universities, highlighting the challenges for the operationalization of health promotion actions in the Latin American university scenario in the contemporary world. The visible adherence of the ideas of the salutogenic theory to the guiding components of the Health Promoting Universities movement was identified, which has contributed to successful experiences around the world. Practices in the light of salutogenic theory can be considered effective strategies for improving the quality of life in the university setting; however, it is necessary for those involved to detach themselves so that the logic of acting based on a pathogenic process is broken. Furthermore, regional challenges in the Latin American reality must be understood and overcome with the support of public policies.

Optimal Prone Position Duration in Patients With ARDS Due to COVID-19: The Omelette Pilot Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prone position (PP) has been widely used in the COVID-19 pandemic for ARDS management. However, the optimal length of a PP session is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged versus standard PP duration in subjects with ARDS due to COVID-19. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized controlled, parallel, and open pilot trial including adult subjects diagnosed with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 receiving invasive mechanical ventilation that met criteria for PP between March-September 2021. Subjects were randomized to the intervention group of prolonged PP (48 h) versus the standard of care PP (∼16 h). The primary outcome variable for the trial was ventilator-free days (VFDs) to day 28. RESULTS: We enrolled 60 subjects. VFDs were not significantly different in the standard PP group (18 [interquartile range [IQR] 0-23] VFDs vs 7.5 [IQR 0-19.0] VFDs; difference, -10.5 (95% CI -3.5 to 19.0, P = .08). Prolonged PP was associated with longer time to successful extubation in survivors (13.00 [IQR 8.75-26.00] d vs 8.00 [IQR 5.00-10.25] d; difference, 5 [95% CI 0-15], P = .001). Prolonged PP was also significantly associated with longer ICU stay (18.5 [IQR 11.8-25.3] d vs 11.50 [IQR 7.75-25.00] d, P = .050) and extended administration of neuromuscular blockers (12.50 [IQR 5.75-20.00] d vs 5.0 [IQR 2.0-14.5] d, P = .005). Prolonged PP was associated with significant muscular impairment according to lower Medical Research Council values (59.6 [IQR 59.1-60.0] vs 56.5 [IQR 54.1-58.9], P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Among subjects with severe ARDS due to COVID-19, there was no difference in 28-d VFDs between prolonged and standard PP strategy. However, prolonged PP was associated with a longer ICU stay, increased use of neuromuscular blockers, and greater muscular impairment. This suggests that prolonged PP is not superior to the current recommended standard of care.

Vitreous-lens interface changes after cataract surgery using active fluidics and active sentry with high and low infusion pressure settings.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the infusion pressure used during phacoemulsification may have a detrimental effect on the anterior hyaloid membrane barrier (AHMB) in a pressure fluctuation-free environment using diagnostic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) postoperatively. SETTING: Tandil Eye Clinic, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Centro Oftalmológico Dr. Charles, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicenter, experimental, and double-masked study. METHODS: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed in all patients with the Centurion Vision System equipment with active fluidics and active sentry. Patients were randomly assigned to configuration 1 or 2. Configuration 1 had intraocular pressure (IOP) 30 mm Hg and configuration 2 IOP 80 mm Hg. Inclusion criteria were axial length >22 mm and <25 mm, age older than 50 and younger than 70 years, and complete adhesion of AHMB. RESULTS: 80 eyes of 80 patients were included. Berger space was identified in 17 cases (42.5%) of group 2 and 3 cases (7.5%) of group 1 postoperatively using SD-OCT. A statistically significant relationship was established using Fisher exact test ( P = .0003). Postoperatively, we observed posterior vitreous detachment changes in only 1 patient (1.25%) during the 3 months of follow-up ( P = .5). According to the Wong-Baker FACES Scale, the patient's subjective perception was better for the low infusion pressure group ( P = .0001, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification with high infusion pressure can change the vitreous-lens interface. Positive Berger space after phacoemulsification is a biomarker of this change and can occur in eyes without risk factors. Incidence is directly related to the infusion pressure used.

Health indicators in Brazil and Spain: strategies for health promoting universities.

AIMS: The study aims to identify and compare health indicators collected by national research in Spain and in Brazil that can generate action strategies for health promoting universities. METHODS: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study that uses the database of the Secretariat of Health Surveillance of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the database of the National Statistics Institute of Spain. Based on the National Health Promotion Policy, the analyzer axis prioritizes defined themes; percentage of physical exercise, daily smokers, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and self-perception of health status were evaluated. The data were collected from 2014 to 2020. RESULTS: In Brazil, physical exercise is the highest percentage indicator, whereas in Spain, sedentary lifestyle is the highest. Regarding the age group, Brazil presented the lowest prevalence of daily smokers in the age group from 18 to 24, with little increase in older age groups; in Spain, older age groups presented the highest rates of sedentary lifestyle and obesity. In 2020, 4.5% of Brazilians reported a negative self-perception of health and in Spain 6.6%. CONCLUSION: The indicators 'physical exercise', 'daily smokers' and 'sedentary lifestyle' presented better results in Brazil than in Spain. Brazil presents a better perspective on health when compared with Spain, as the results showed that older ages present higher rates of sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Our study results also show that Brazilians report better self-perception in health, which can be interpreted by health promotion strategies.

Shock Index and Physiological Stress Index for reestratifying patients with intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVE: Study and Evaluation of Two Scores: Shock Index (SI) and Physiological Stress Index (PSI) as discriminators for proactive treatment (reperfusion before decompensated shock) in a population of intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE). DESIGN: Using a database from a retrospective cohort with clinical variables and the outcome variable of "proactive treatment", a comparison of the populations was conducted. Optimal cut-off for "proactive treatment" points were obtained according to the SI and PSI. Comparisons were carried out based on the cut-off points of both indices. SETTING: Patients admitted to a mixed ICU for PE. PARTICIPANTS: Patients >18 years old admitted to the ICU with intermediate-high risk PE recruited from January 2015 to October 2022. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Population comparison and metrics regarding predictive capacity when determining proactive treatment. RESULTS: SI and PSI independently have a substandard predictive capacity for discriminating patients who may benefit from an early reperfusion therapy. However, their combined use improves detection of sicker intermediate-high risk PE patients (Sensitivity = 0.66) in whom an early reperfusion therapy may improve outcomes (Specificity = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the SI and PSI in patients with intermediate-high risk PE could be useful for selecting patients who would benefit from proactive treatment.

Research, Reading, and Publication Habits of Nurses and Nursing Students Applied to Impact Journals: International Multicentre Study.

Publishing in JCR and SJR journals has become crucial for curricular development. Results from nursing investigations "compete" for publication in journals which are not specific to the field of care, affecting the academic development of these investigators. This phenomenon may lead to an ongoing adverse effect on nursing researchers and academics engaged in research in nursing care. The aim of this study was to evaluate habits regarding scientific literature consulting, the transfer of published material, and the citation of nursing investigations. A cross-sectional descriptive study by means of questionnaires was carried out, focusing on both Spanish and Portuguese nurses. The findings of the study reveal the following reasons for reading the scientific literature: that the language was understood; for learning and applying what was learnt; that the journal was of open access; for elaborating protocols and work procedures; and that the journal was indexed in scientific databases and in nursing databases. The reasons for reading, using, and publishing in journals were related to knowledge of the language and the associated usefulness of learning and applying knowledge. Creating a specific index of research publications in nursing will have a positive effect on the scientific production of caring methodologies.

Da. Maribel Mármol, nueva presidenta de la asociación de enfermería comunitaria / Mrs. Maribel Mármol, new president of the community nursing association

El pasado mes de octubre, en el marco de las Jornadas Nacionales de la Asociación de Enfermería Comunitaria (AEC), se llevaron a cabo las elecciones a la Presidencia de la misma. Maribel Mármol López, hasta entonces secretaria de la anterior Junta, encabezó la única candidatura y fue elegida como Presidenta.Su amplia experiencia como enfermera comunitaria, tanto en el ámbito de la atención, como en el de la gestión, la docencia y la investigación, le avalan y le sitúan como un claro referente para liderar tan importante cargo al frente de la sociedad científica decana de la Enfermería Comunitaria en España. (AU)

Postoperative Blood Pressure Deficit and Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplant.

OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury is a common cause of morbidity in liver transplant recipients. In critically ill patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant, we examined whether those with acute kidney injury had a greater deficit between pretransplant and posttransplant hemodynamic pressure-related parameters compared with those without acute kidney injury in the early postoperative period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included patients who underwent an orthotopic liver transplant during the study period. We obtained premorbid and intensive care unit time-weighted average values for hemodynamic pressure-related parameters (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure; central venous pressure; mean perfusion pressure; and diastolic perfusion pressure) and calculated deficits in those values. We defined acute kidney injury progression as an increase of ≥1 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage. RESULTS: We included 150 eligible transplantrecipients, with 88 (59%) having acute kidney injury progression. Acute kidney injury was associated with worse clinical outcomes. All achieved pressure-related values were similar between transplant recipients with or without acute kidney injury progression. However, those with acute kidney injury versus those without progression had greater diastolic perfusion pressure deficit at 12 hours (-8.33% vs 1.93%; P = .037) and 24 hours (-7.38% vs 5.11%; P = .002) and increased central venous pressure at 24 hours (46.13% vs 15%; P = .043) and 48 hours (40% vs 20.87%; P = .039). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute kidney injury progression had a greater diastolic perfusion pressure deficit and increased central venous pressure compared with patients without progression. Such deficits might be modifiable risk factors for the prevention of acute kidney injury progression.

Community Assets for Health Model and Assessment Scale: A Delphi-Based Analysis and Expert Validation.

The salutogenesis theory of Aaron Antonovsky and the Health Assets Model of Morgan and Ziglio have given rise to a notable interest in defining the resources available to individuals and the community to maintain or improve their health and well-being. The present study began by identifying the universal dimensions of Community Assets for Health, and then analyzed and validated an assessment scale following the Delphi method. A high degree of consensus was achieved among 13 experts from different disciplines. The results of the content analysis and statistical analysis led to a reconfiguring of an instrument that is so far unique in its approach. It is composed of 103 items across 14 dimensions (utility, intention, previous use, affordability, proximity, walkability, connectivity, intelligibility, identity, design, safety, diversity, public dimension, and sustainability).

Calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas de COVID-19 en personas con diabetes: una revisión sistemática / Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review

Objetivo: Investigar la calidad metodológica de las revisiones sistemáticas publicadas sobre factores asociados con COVID-19 en personas con diabetes. Método: Revisión sistemática con protocolo de registro en PROSPERO, bajo el número CRD42020222418. Las búsquedas se realizaron de octubre a noviembre de 2020 en las bases de datos de las bibliotecas Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase y Cochrane Library, además de la búsqueda en la lista de referencias de los estudios seleccionados. Se incluyeron estudios de revisión sistemática con o sin metaanálisis y sin restricciones de fecha e idioma. Los datos se extrajeron de forma estandarizada y la calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la escala Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 revisiones, publicadas entre 2020 y 2021, con predominio del idioma inglés; son revisiones sistemáticas de estudios observacionales con metaanálisis con una muestra que va desde 6 a 83 estudios. En cuanto a la financiación, la mayoría de los estudios informaron que no recibieron este tipo de ayuda. En cuanto a la evaluación de la calidad metodológica, 3 fueron de calidad moderada, 5 fueron clasificados como de baja calidad y 3 revisiones sistemáticas fueron evaluadas como críticamente bajas. Conclusiones: Los artículos analizados presentaron un sesgo en la elaboración de informes sobre sus estudios, evidenciando la necesidad de utilizar mecanismos para mejorar la adherencia a los lineamientos de reporte establecidos y herramientas de evaluación metodológica.(AU)

Objective: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Method: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane Library, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. Results: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from 6 to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, 3 were of moderate quality, 5 were classified as low quality and 3 with critically low quality. Conclusions: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.(AU)

La creación de una red de conocimientos en enfermería en países de habla hispana: conceptualización de posibilidades basadas en recursos identificados / The creation of a nursing knowledge network in spanish-speaking countries: conceptualization of possibilities based on identified resources

Se presenta un trabajo conceptual sobre el análisis de los hallazgos del sondeo sobre la conceptualización de los planes de la Red de Conocimientos en Enfermería en los países de habla hispana como parte de la acción internacional de la Red. La información recopilada ha sido revelada por profesores de Chile, Colombia, España, México, Paraguay y Perú. Las respuestas han permitido reflexionar sobre conceptualizaciones y áreas que requieren más exploración para responder de manera efectiva a las lagunas en la enseñanza y la práctica de la investigación en Enfermería. Se presentan las brechas en la investigación que pueden explicarse por la falta de políticas gubernamentales e institucionales para financiar la investigación en Enfermería en áreas que tradicionalmente no se perciben como prioridades de salud pública. Otros temas analizados fueron los obstáculos a la difusión del conocimiento científico en Enfermería, las posibilidades de reforzar la investigación en Enfermería y los beneficios deseados con la participación a la Red. Entre las fortalezas de este sondeo está su originalidad y su potencial para estimular las actividades de cooperación para la producción de conocimiento, en particular, el fortalecimiento de los estudios de posgrado con la movilidad académica y de profesores en proyectos internacionales de investigación multicéntrica, la tutoría y el coaching para la investigación. Las respuestas indican una novedad en las áreas prospectivas de desarrollo profesional para educadores, investigadores, así como áreas de posible adopción de la innovación en la educación para los estudiantes. (AU)

Conceptual work is presented regarding the analysis of information gathered from an environmental scan underpinning the plans for the creation of the Nursing Knowledge Network in Spanish-speaking countries as part of the international action of the Network. The information is structured according to the compilation of baseline information provided by nursing faculty from Chile, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru. The information helped conceptualize and anticipate areas that require further exploration to effectively respond to gaps in Nursing teaching and research practice. The reported gaps in current research can be explained by lack of government and institutional policies to finance nursing research in areas that are not traditionally perceived as public health priorities. Other topics analyzed included obstacles to dissemination of scientific knowledge in Nursing, the possibilities of reinforcing Nursing research and the desired benefits of participating in the Network. Among the strengths of this environmental scan is its originality and potential to stimulate activities of cooperation for the production of knowledge, in particular the strengthening of graduate studies with faculty and students’ mobility in international multicenter research projects, research tutoring and coaching. Information also indicates new prospective areas of professional development for faculty, researchers, as well as areas of possible adoption of innovation in student education. (AU)

Primary Health Care. Specific Nursing Leadership

The 1978 Alma-Ata International Declaration (Kazakhstan ­ former Soviet Socialist state),(1) was a turning point, at least regarding the conception of what was understood by primary health care (PHC) and what it should contribute to respond to the needs and demands of the population. The Declaration considered it, not only possible, but was aimed at achieving health for every country by the year 2000. The approaches to achieve this, although praiseworthy and difficult for anyone to reject, led to its signing by the 134 countries and 67 international organizations present at the meeting ­ highlighting the important absence of the People's Republic of China-, the intention was to stop financing rearmament policies and support for military conflicts and direct policies to promote independence, peace, détente and disarmament, to use those resources in the social and economic development of the people and invest on PHC, as essential element to achieve it. But beyond these proposals with an eminently political nature and always subject to the interests and developments of social, economic, and demographic events... it is important to highlight something that unfortunately has received enough importance and visibility, such as the express request for health professionals to commit to promoting PHC in every corner of the planet. Something that was to be key in the evolution of PHC, although with unequal enthusiasm, involvement, and commitment by the main professionals from the different disciplines that made up the PHC staff.

A Case Study on Vestibular Sensations in Driving Simulators.

Motion platforms have been used in simulators of all types for several decades. Since it is impossible to reproduce the accelerations of a vehicle without limitations through a physically limited system (platform), it is common to use washout filters and motion cueing algorithms (MCA) to select which accelerations are reproduced and which are not. Despite the time that has passed since their development, most of these algorithms still use the classical washout algorithm. In the use of these MCAs, there is always information that is lost and, if that information is important for the purpose of the simulator (the training simulators), the result obtained by the users of that simulator will not be satisfactory. This paper shows a case study where a BMW 325Xi AUT fitted with a sensor, recorded the accelerations produced in all degrees of freedom (DOF) during several runs, and data have been introduced in mathematical simulation software (washout + kinematics + actuator simulation) of a 6DOF motion platform. The input to the system has been qualitatively compared with the output, observing that most of the simulation adequately reflects the input to the system. Still, there are three events where the accelerations are lost. These events are considered by experts to be of vital importance for the outcome of a learning process in the simulator to be adequate.