Jaw and neck muscle activity during chewing and craniocervical dysfunction index in children, adolescents, and adults with and without cystic fibrosis: a comparative analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare masticatory muscle activity between people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and healthy controls and to verify whether craniocervical dysfunction is associated with the presence of CF. METHODS: Fifty-six participants were assessed and divided into pwCF and healthy control (HC) groups, each one composed of 13 children and adolescents at 9 (SD 3) years old and 15 adults at 25 (SD 6) years old. Craniocervical Dysfunction Index assessed symptoms of dysfunction and cervical spine mobility. Electromyography was used to evaluate the jaw and neck muscle activity during chewing. RESULTS: Muscle activity during chewing was not statistically different between groups. Prevalence of craniocervical dysfunction was 75% for pwCF vs 64% for healthy controls. Individuals with CF are 1.53 [1.260, 1.870] times more likely to have reduced cervical mobility compared to healthy controls (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the need for musculoskeletal disorders treatment in the management of pwCF.

Correlations between masticatory muscle activity, quality of life, and dysfunction severity in women with chronic temporomandibular disorder / Relação entre atividade elétrica mastigatória, qualidade de vida e gravidade da disfunção em mulheres com disfunção temporomandibular crônica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Assessing the possible interactions between the activity of masticatory muscles and quality of life and severity of the temporomandibular disorder can help clarify how changes in muscle activity can be associated with a chronic temporomandibular disorder in women. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between masticatory electrical activity during mandibular resting, maximum voluntary contraction, the severity of the temporomandibular disorder, and quality of life in women with chronic temporomandibular disorder and to compare these parameters with healthy asymptomatic controls. METHODS: Sixty women, 30 with temporomandibular disorder and 30 asymptomatic, participated in this case-control observational study. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder was used to identify the presence or absence of temporomandibular disorder. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life in participants, and ProTMDmulti-part-II was applied to assess the severity of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder. RESULTS: During jaw clenching, the masticatory activity of the right temporal and left masseter muscles, the symmetry of the masseter muscles, and anteroposterior coefficient were significantly smaller in the temporomandibular disorder group than in the asymptomatic group. Masticatory activity at rest, signs and symptoms of chronic temporomandibular disorder, and impairment of the quality of life were correlated using Spearman coefficient (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results contribute to findings on the associations between the masticatory activity in chronic signs and symptoms of the temporomandibular disorder, impairment in quality of life, and differences in the masticatory activity during clenching in patients with temporomandibular disorder and controls.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a possível interação entre a atividade dos músculos mastigatórios com a qualidade de vida e a gravidade da disfunção temporomandibular pode ajudar a esclarecer como as alterações na atividade muscular podem estar associadas a mulheres com disfunção temporomandibular crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre atividade elétrica mastigatória durante o repouso mandibular, contração voluntária máxima, gravidade da disfunção temporomandibular e qualidade de vida em mulheres com disfunção temporomandibular crônica e comparar esses parâmetros com indivíduos assintomáticos (grupo controle). MÉTODOS: Sessenta mulheres, 30 com disfunção temporomandibular e 30 assintomáticas, participaram deste estudo observacional caso-controle. O instrumento critérios diagnósticos para disfunções temporomandibulares foi usado para detectar a presença ou ausência de disfunção temporomandibular. O questionário SF-36 foi usado para avaliar a qualidade de vida, e o ProDTMmulti parte II foi aplicado para avaliar a gravidade dos sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular. A atividade mastigatória durante o repouso mandibular e apertamento dentário foram medidos usando eletromiografia de superfície. RESULTADOS: Durante o apertamento dentário, a atividade do músculo masseter, temporal direito e esquerdo, simetria do masseter e coeficiente anteroposterior foram significativamente menores no grupo disfunção temporomandibular em comparação ao grupo assintomático. A atividade mastigatória em repouso, sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular crônica e os prejuízos na qualidade de vida foram correlacionados conforme determinado pelo coeficiente de Spearman (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os presentes achados contribuem para evidenciar as associações entre atividade mastigatória em sinais e sintomas crônicos de disfunção temporomandibular, comprometimento da qualidade de vida e diferenças na atividade mastigatória durante o apertamento dentário entre disfunção temporomandibular e grupo controle.

Relação entre o tempo de permanência em prono, supino e sentado, e o desenvolvimento motor até seis meses de idade / Relation between prone, supine and sitting positioning time and motor development up to six months old

[{"text": "Introdução: Como a aquisição de habilidades motoras depende de fatores, como ambiente e experiência,\r\ntem-se que o desenvolvimento motor pode ser influenciado pelo posicionamento do lactente nos primeiros meses de vida. Objetivo: Verificar se há relação entre o tempo de permanência em prono, supino e sentado, e o desenvolvimento motor até seis meses de idade. Método: Foram avaliados 92 lactentes, a termo, de ambos os sexos, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o bimestre correspondente à idade cronológica. Para verificar o tempo de permanência em cada postura, durante os períodos acordado e dormindo, foi desenvolvida uma escala de tempo correspondente a 24 horas, na qual cada período de uma hora poderia ser preenchido com uma opção de posicionamento. O desenvolvimento motor foi avaliado por meio da Alberta Infant Motor Scale. O Teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade de distribuição dos dados. Para verificar associação entre as variáveis, foi utilizado o Teste de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Houve associação positiva entre o desenvolvimento motor e o tempo de permanência\r\ndormindo e acordado, em prono e sentado, e associação negativa, com o tempo dormindo e acordado em supino. Conclusão: O tempo despendido em prono e sentado pode ser considerado como positivo para o desenvolvimento motor. Já o tempo em supino pode influenciar negativamente o desenvolvimento motor. Sugere-se então que a intervenção, por meio de orientações aos pais e cuidadores, seja importante. Lactentes devem ser estimulados em diferentes posturas para que a aquisição das habilidades motoras ocorra de forma adequada.", "_i": "pt"}, {"text": "Introduction: The acquisition of motor skills depends on factors such as environment and experience.\r\nIt follows that the motor development may be influenced by the positioning of infants during the first months of life. Objective: To verify the relation between prone, supine and sitting positioning time and motor development up to six months old. Method: Were evaluated 92 infants at term, of both genders, divided into three groups according to the corresponding bimester of chronological age (1st bimester, n = 30; 2nd bimester, n = 30; 3rd bimester, n = 32). To verify the time spent in each position during the awake and sleeping periods, a timeline corresponding to 24 hours was developed. Each one-hour period could be filled with a positioning option. Motor development was assessed by Alberta Infant Motor Scale. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of data distribution. The Spearman correlation test was used to verify the association between the variables. Results: There was a positive association between motor development and the sleeping time and awake time in prone and sitting postures; and\r\nnegative with the sleeping time and awake time in supine. Conclusion: The time spent in prone and sitting can be considered as positive for motor development. The time that the infant remains supine can negatively influence the motor development. It is suggested that intervention through guidance to parents and caregivers is important. Infants should be stimulated on different postures so that the acquisition of motor abilities occurs properly.", "_i": "en"}]

Motor behavior of masticatory muscles in individuals with unilateral trans-incisive foramen cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) have altered control of masticatory muscles. METHODS: The muscular activity of 66 children with CLP (n = 33) and without CLP (n = 33), aged 6-12 years was assessed during different tasks (rest, isometry, mastication) using electromyography. RESULTS: The activation for the analyzed muscles was higher in children with CLP at rest (R) and inactive period (IP) (p < 0.05). The muscles of children with CLP remained active for longer than those without CLP (p < 0.05), and the length of the masticatory cycle was higher in children with CLP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with CLP have longer muscle activation and increased cycle time during the chewing cycle, which might be a consequence of malocclusion, resulting in difficulty chewing.

Effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles activity in subjects with temporomandibular disorder. / Efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior em indivíduos com DTM.

Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and temporal muscles activity. Methods 49 female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age were divided into TMD (n: 26) and control groups (n: 23). Surface electromyograph was used to evaluate the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during contraction and rest protocols. The root means square, median frequency and slope coefficient of the linear regression line parameters were analyzed. Results A significant effect of time in the contraction and rest muscle protocols was found. TMD patients showed a significant decrease in median frequency in the right masseter muscle and the slope coefficient in the right temporal muscle during the contraction protocol to control subjects. Conclusion Despite the TMD patients presented with higher fatigue susceptibility compared to the control group, both groups must meet the maximum time of 5 s of maximum voluntary contraction and at least 30 s rest between successive contractions of masticatory muscles during clinical or research assessment protocols.

Efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior em indivíduos com DTM / Effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and anterior temporal muscles activity in subjects with temporomandibular disorder

RESUMO Objetivo O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do tempo de contração e repouso na atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal. Métodos 49 sujeitos do sexo feminino com idade entre 18 e 30 anos foram divididos em grupos DTM (n: 26) e controle (n: 23). A eletromiografia de superfície foi utilizada para avaliar os músculos temporal anterior e masseter durante protocolos de contração e repouso muscular. Foram analisados os parâmetros eletromiográfico raiz quadrada da média, frequência mediana e o coeficiente da inclinação da reta de regressão linear. Resultados Foi encontrado efeito significativo do tempo no protocolo de contração e de repouso muscular. No protocolo de contração, sujeitos com DTM apresentaram significativa diminuição da frequência mediana no masseter direito e do coeficiente de inclinação do músculo temporal direito comparados ao grupo controle. Conclusão Apesar de os sujeitos com DTM apresentarem maior suscetibilidade à fadiga, comparados aos controles, ambos os grupos devem respeitar o tempo máximo de 5 s de contração voluntária máxima e no mínimo 30 s de repouso entre sucessivas contrações da musculatura mastigatória durante protocolos de avaliação clínica ou de pesquisa.

ABSTRACT Purpose The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of contraction and rest on the masseter and temporal muscles activity. Methods 49 female subjects between 18 and 30 years of age were divided into TMD (n: 26) and control groups (n: 23). Surface electromyograph was used to evaluate the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during contraction and rest protocols. The root means square, median frequency and slope coefficient of the linear regression line parameters were analyzed. Results A significant effect of time in the contraction and rest muscle protocols was found. TMD patients showed a significant decrease in median frequency in the right masseter muscle and the slope coefficient in the right temporal muscle during the contraction protocol to control subjects. Conclusion Despite the TMD patients presented with higher fatigue susceptibility compared to the control group, both groups must meet the maximum time of 5 s of maximum voluntary contraction and at least 30 s rest between successive contractions of masticatory muscles during clinical or research assessment protocols.

Interlimb coordination and academic performance in elementary school children.

BACKGROUND: The specific mechanisms linking motor ability and cognitive performance, especially academic achievement, are still unclear. Whereas the literature provides an abundance of information on fine and visual-motor skill and cognitive attributes, much less has been reported on gross motor ability. This study examined interlimb coordination and its relationship to academic performance in children aged 8-11 years. METHODS: Motor and academic skills were examined in 100 Brazilian children using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency and the Academic Performance Test. Participants were grouped into low (<25%) and high (>75%) academic achievers. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between groups for Total Motor Composite (P < 0.001) favoring the high group. On regression analysis there was a significant association between academic performance and Body Coordination. Of the subtests of Body Coordination (Bilateral Coordination and Balance), Bilateral Coordination accounted for the highest impact on academic performance. Of interest here, that subtest consists primarily of gross motor tasks involving interlimb coordination. CONCLUSION: Overall, there was a positive relationship between motor behavior, in particular activities involving interlimb coordination, and academic performance. Application of these findings in the area of early assessment may be useful in the identification of later academic problems.

The influence of seat heights and foot placement positions on postural control in children with cerebral palsy during a sit-to-stand task.

This paper aimed to analyze, from both a kinetic and kinematic perspective, the postural control of children with cerebral palsy (CP) able to independently perform the sit-to-stand (STS) task (ICP) and children who needed support (SCP) typically developing children during the STS; and also investigate the influence of seats heights and foot placement positions on postural control of these children. Fourteen children with CP and fourteen typically developing controls were recruited. Based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) the children with CP were divided into ICP (level I) and SCP (levels II and III). Balance was assessed using the Pediatric Balance Scale. Motor function was rated using the GMFCS. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded and analyzed during the STS task at two different seat heights and foot placement positions. The SCP exhibited significantly less balance according to the PBS and smaller displacement of their center of pressure (COP) in anteroposterior (COPAP) and mediolateral (COPML) direction relative to the other two groups. ICP demonstrated significant greater in the COPML displacement than the other groups. Children with CP required more time to complete the STS than controls. Those in the SCP group had lower linear displacement of the shoulder and knee than others during the STS task. During the high bench condition, the linear displacements of the shoulder and knee were reduced also. We conclude that the SCP has less COPAP and COPML oscillation, what means the better postural control during STS than the other two groups, which may be related to the support provided. The ICP exhibited greater COPML oscillations than controls, suggesting that they utilized different strategies in the frontal plane during the STS task. The seat height and foot placement did not influence postural control in children with CP, at least in terms of kinetic parameters. Seat height influenced the kinematic variables, with a high bench reducing linear displacement of the shoulder (vertical and horizontal) and knee (vertical) both in children with CP and control children.

Diaphragmatic amplitude and accessory inspiratory muscle activity in nasal and mouth-breathing adults: a cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the accessory inspiratory muscles and the diaphragmatic amplitude (DA) in nasal and mouth-breathing adults. The study evaluated 38 mouth-breathing (MB group) and 38 nasal-breathing (NB group) adults, from 18 to 30years old and both sexes. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to evaluate the amplitude and symmetry (POC%) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles at rest, during nasal slow inspiration at Lung Total Capacity (LTC) and, during rapid and abrupt inspiration: Sniff, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) and Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP). M-mode ultrasonography assessed the right diaphragm muscle amplitude in three different nasal inspirations: at tidal volume (TV), Sniff and inspiration at LTC. The SCM activity was significantly lower in the MB group during Sniff, PNIF (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney test) and MIP (p<0.01, t-test). The groups did not differ during rest and inspiration at LTC, regarding sEMG amplitude and POC%. DA was significantly lower in the MB group at TV (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney) and TLC (p=0.03, t-test). Mouth breathing reflected on lower recruitment of the accessory inspiratory muscles during fast inspiration and lower diaphragmatic amplitude, compared to nasal breathing.

Reeducação postural global em um adulto com paralisia cerebral: um estudo de caso / La reeducación postural global en un adulto con parálisis cerebral: estudio de caso / Global postural re-education for an adult with cerebral palsy: case study

Foram avaliados os efeitos de um programa de intervenção com reeducação postural global (RPG) e um período sem tratamento (8 semanas) pela análise cinemática e avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de um adulto com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). Foram realizadas avaliações do equilíbrio por meio da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e avaliações cinemáticas da marcha, nas quais foram analisadas variáveis espaço temporais e angulares. Essas avaliações foram feitas no início e no final de cada período de intervenção. Para a caracterização dos parâmetros analisados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão). O sujeito estudado apresentou melhora do equilíbrio após o período de intervenção e, em relação às variáveis angulares, foi verificada diminuição da extensão de quadril e menor inclinação de tronco. Com a melhora do equilíbrio, da extensão do quadril e do alinhamento do tronco do paciente tratado, sugere-se que a intervenção com o método RPG pode ser eficaz como conduta fisioterapêutica para a PC, porém resultados mais eficazes podem estar associados com o tratamento contínuo por esse método, uma vez que durante os intervalos da intervenção, observou-se diminuição do equilíbrio.

Se han evaluados los efectos de un programa de intervención con reeducación postural global (RPG) y un periodo sin tratamiento (8 semanas) por el análisis cinemático y evaluación del equilibrio estático y dinámico de un adulto con Parálisis Cerebral (PC). Se han realizado evaluaciones de equilibrio a través de Escala de Equilibrio de Berg y evaluaciones cinemáticas del paso, en las cuales se han analizadas las variables espacio-temporales y angulares. Estas evaluaciones se han hecho al inicio y al final de cada periodo de intervención. Para caracterizar los parámetros analizados se utilizó la estadística descriptiva (media y desvío medio). El sujeto estudiado presentó una mejora del equilibrio tras el periodo de intervención y, respecto a las variables angulares, se han verificado una disminución de la extensión de la cadera y menor inclinación del tronco. Debido a la mejoría del equilibrio, de la extensión de la cadera y del alineamiento del tronco del paciente, se propone que la intervención con el método RPG puede ser eficaz como una conducta fisioterapéutica a la PC; no obstante, los resultados más eficaces pueden asociarse al tratamiento seguido al utilizar este método, puesto que durante los intervalos de la intervención, se ha observado una disminución del equilibrio.

The effects of an intervention program with global postural reeducation (GPR) and a period of no treatment (8 weeks) were evaluated by kinematic analysis and evaluation of static and dynamic balance of an adult with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Evaluations of balance were made using the Berg Balance Scale, as well as gait kinematics evaluations, in which spatiotemporal and angular variables were analyzed. These assessments were made at the beginning and at the end of each intervention period. To characterize the parameters examined, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) was used. The studied subject showed improvement of balance after the intervention period and, regarding angular variables, decreased hip extension and less trunk tilt were found. With the improvement of balance, hip extension and alignment of the trunk of the treated patient, it is suggested that the GPR intervention method can be effective as a practice of physical therapy for CP; how ever, more effective results may be associated with continuous treatment with this method, since during the intervals of the intervention, there was a reduction in balance.

[Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children]. / Influência da flexibilidade e sexo na postura de escolares.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. METHOD: Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied. RESULTS: Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups. CONCLUSION: Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility.

[Pediatric neurofunctional intervention in agenesis of the corpus callosum: a case report]. / Intervenção neurofuncional pediátrica em agenesia do corpo caloso: relato de caso.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a clinical report pre- and post-neurofunctional intervention in a case of agenesis of the corpus callosum. CASE DESCRIPTION: Preterm infant with corpus callosum agenesis and hypoplasia of the cerebellum vermis and lateral ventricles, who, at the age of two years, started the proposed intervention. Functional performance tests were used such as the neurofunctional evaluation, the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Gross Motor Function Classification System. In the initial evaluation, absence of equilibrium reactions, postural transfers, deficits in manual and trunk control were observed. The intervention was conducted with a focus on function, prioritizing postural control and guidance of the family to continue care in the home environment. After the intervention, there was an improvement of body reactions, postural control and movement acquisition of hands and limbs. The intervention also showed improvement in functional performance. COMMENTS: Postural control and transfers of positions were benefited by the neurofunction intervention in this case of agenesis of the corpus callosum. The approach based on function with activities that involve muscle strengthening and balance training reactions, influenced the acquisition of a more selective motor behavior.

Effect of the inclination of support in cervical and upper limb development / Efeito da inclinação de apoio no desenvolvimento cervical e de membros superiores

Introduction It is expected that a child will acquire control of posture (CP) of the head and upper limbs in a gradual, sequential and organized way. However, there is still no consensus regarding the best position to achieve this; the evidence suggests that it is prone. Objective To investigate whether age and inclination of the supporting surface in the prone position influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs of children with typical motor development (TMD) and atypical motor development (AMD). Methods The study included 29 children aged between one and three months divided according to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) into groups with TMD (n = 18) and AMD (n = 11). The children were placed in the prone position with three angles of the support surface (0°, 25° and 45°). Kinematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the alignment angles of the head and upper limbs. Results Children with TMD had higher head alignment. There was no difference in the upper limbs’ alignment between the group with TMD and the group with AMD. In the third month of age compared with the first, increased head alignment and decreased upper limb alignment were found in both groups. The inclination of the supporting surface did not influence the alignment of the head and upper limbs. Conclusions Among the positions evaluated, the prone position without inclination of the supporting surface was more appropriate for weight discharge in the upper limbs, favoring the development of postural control of the child.

Introdução De forma gradual, sequencial e organizada, espera-se que a criança adquira o controle postural (CP) de cabeça e membros superiores. Contudo, ainda não existe um consenso sobre qual o melhor posicionamento para aquisição desse; evidências apontam que a postura em decúbito ventral seja mais benéfica. Objetivo Investigar se a idade e a inclinação da superfície de apoio em decúbito ventral influenciam o alinhamento da cabeça e do membro superior de crianças com desenvolvimento motor típico (DMT) e atípico (DMA). Métodos Participaram do estudo 29 crianças de um a três meses de idade divididos de acordo com escala Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) em grupo com DMT (n = 18) e DMA (n = 11). As crianças foram posicionadas em decúbito ventral com três ângulos de superfície de apoio (0°, 25° e 45°). A análise cinemática foi utilizada para avaliar os ângulos de alinhamento da cabeça e do membro superior. Resultados Crianças com DMT apresentaram maior alinhamento da cabeça. Não houve diferença do alinhamento do membro superior entre os grupos com DMT e DMA. No terceiro mês de idade comparado ao primeiro houve maior alinhamento da cabeça e menor alinhamento do membro superior em ambos os grupos. As inclinações da superfície de apoio não influenciaram no alinhamento da cabeça e do membro superior. Conclusões Entre as posições avaliadas, o decúbito ventral sem inclinação da superfície de apoio foi mais apropriado para descarregar o peso para os membros superiores, favorecendo o desenvolvimento do controle postural da criança.

Influence of craniomandibular and cervical pain on the activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spine region in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and to analyze the effects of these disorders on the bilateral activation of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MA) muscles during the masticatory cycle. METHODS: The participants were 55 female volunteers aged 18-30 years. The presence of TMD and craniomandibular and cervical spine pain was evaluated by applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and using a combination of tests for the cervical region. The muscle activity of AT and MA during the masticatory cycle was assessed using the symmetry and antero-posterior coefficient indices. RESULTS: The AT activity during the masticatory cycle is more asymmetric in individuals with TMD. The craniomandibular pain, more prevalent in these individuals, influenced these results. CONCLUSION: Individuals with TMD showed changes in the pattern activity of AT. The craniomandibular nociceptive inputs can influence the increase in asymmetry of the activation of this muscle.

Influence of craniomandibular and cervical pain on the activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder / Influência da dor craniomandibular e cervical na atividade dos músculos mastigatórios em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spine region in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and to analyze the effects of these disorders on the bilateral activation of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MA) muscles during the masticatory cycle. Methods: The participants were 55 female volunteers aged 18–30 years. The presence of TMD and craniomandibular and cervical spine pain was evaluated by applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and using a combination of tests for the cervical region. The muscle activity of AT and MA during the masticatory cycle was assessed using the symmetry and antero-posterior coefficient indices. Results: The AT activity during the masticatory cycle is more asymmetric in individuals with TMD. The craniomandibular pain, more prevalent in these individuals, influenced these results. Conclusion: Individuals with TMD showed changes in the pattern activity of AT. The craniomandibular nociceptive inputs can influence the increase in asymmetry of the activation of this muscle. .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dor nas regiões craniomandibular e cervical em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) e analisar o efeito dessas desordens na ativação bilateral dos músculos temporal anterior (TA) e masseter (MA) durante o ciclo mastigatório. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 55 voluntários do sexo feminino com idade de 18 a 30 anos. A presença de DTM e de dor craniomandibular e cervical foi avaliada por meio do questionário Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) e uma combinação de testes para a região cervical. A análise da ativação muscular do TA e MA durante o ciclo mastigatório foi realizada através dos índices de simetria e do coeficiente anteroposterior. Resultados: A atividade dos músculos TA, durante o ciclo mastigatório, é mais assimétrica em indivíduos com DTM. A dor craniomandibular, mais prevalente nesses indivíduos, influencia nesses resultados. Conclusão: Indivíduos com DTM apresentam alteração no padrão mastigatório do músculo TA e estímulos nociceptivos da região craniomandibular podem influenciar no aumento da assimetria de ativação dessa musculatura. .

Intervenção neurofuncional pediátrica em agenesia do corpo caloso: relato de caso / Pediatric neurofunctional intervention in agenesis of the corpus callosum: a case report

Objetivo: Descrever um relato clínico pré e pós-intervenção neurofuncional num caso de agenesia de corpo caloso. Descrição do caso: Após o nascimento prematuro foi detectada agenesia do corpo caloso e hipoplasia dos ventrículos laterais e vérmis cerebelar. Aos dois anos iniciou a intervenção proposta neste estudo. Uma avaliação neurofuncional, além da Medida da Função Motora Grossa e o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa, foi utilizada para obter o desempenho funcional da criança. Na avaliação inicial havia ausência de reações de equilíbrio e de transferências posturais, e déficits no controle manual e de tronco. A intervenção foi realizada com enfoque na função, priorizando o controle postural e a orientação da familia para continuidade do tratamento em ambiente domiciliar. Após a intervenção houve melhora das reações corporais, controle postural e aquisição de movimentos de mãos e membros. A intervenção também mostrou melhora no desempenho funcional. Comentários: O controle postural e as transferências de posições foram beneficiadas por intervenção neurofuncional nesse paciente com agenesia de corpo caloso. O enfoque baseado na função com atividades que envolvem fortalecimento muscular e treinamento das reações de equilíbrio influenciaram a aquisição do comportamento motor mais seletivo...

Objective: To describe a clinical report pre- and post-neurofunctional intervention in a case of agenesis of the corpus callosum. Case description: Preterm infant with corpus callosum agenesis and hypoplasia of the cerebellum vermis and lateral ventricles, who, at the age of two years, started the proposed intervention. Functional performance tests were used such as the neurofunctional evaluation, the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Gross Motor Function Classification System. In the initial evaluation, absence of equilibrium reactions, postural transfers, deficits in manual and trunk control were observed. The intervention was conducted with a focus on function, prioritizing postural control and guidance of the family to continue care in the home environment. After the intervention, there was an improvement of body reactions, postural control and movement acquisition of hands and limbs. The intervention also showed improvement in functional performance. Comments: Postural control and transfers of positions were benefited by the neurofunction intervention in this case of agenesis of the corpus callosum. The approach based on function with activities that involve muscle strengthening and balance reactions training, influenced the acquisition of a more selective motor behavior...

Influência da flexibilidade e sexo na postura de escolares / Influence of flexibility and gender on the posture of school children

Objetivo: Verificar se a flexibilidade e o sexo exercem influência sobre a postura de escolares. Método: Foram avaliados 60 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 14 anos, divididos em dois grupos: flexibilidade normal (n=21) e flexibilidade reduzida (n=39). A flexibilidade e a postura foram avaliadas, respectivamente, por meio da fotogrametria e do teste de elevação dos membros inferiores em extensão, considerando o ângulo da perna e a avaliação postural. Para o tratamento de dados, foi feita a estatística descritiva (média e desvio padrão). A análise de variância univariada (ANOVA) foi utilizada para verificar a influência conjunta dos fatores flexibilidade e sexo nas variáveis dependentes posturais. Após verificar efeito interativo entre esses dois fatores, procederam-se as comparações múltiplas, utilizando o teste t. Resultados: A variável flexibilidade exerceu efeito sobre o ângulo de simetria do joelho (p<0,05) e da inclinação corporal ântero-posterior (p<0,05). O sexo não apresentou influência sobre os ângulos posturais (p>0,05). Houve interação entre as variáveis flexibilidade e sexo no ângulo de simetria do joelho (p<0,02). Escolares do sexo masculino e flexibilidade reduzida apresentaram maior assimetria de joelho, comparados aos outros subgrupos. Conclusão: A postura sofreu efeito isolado da variável flexibilidade e efeito interativo entre o sexo e a flexibilidade...

Objective: To evaluate whether flexibility and gender influence students' posture. Method: Evaluation of 60 female and male students, aged 5 to 14 years, divided into two groups: normal flexibility (n=21) and reduced flexibility (n=39). Flexibility and posture were assessed by photogrammetry and by the elevation of the lower limbs in extension, considering the leg angle and the postural evaluation. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess the joint influence of flexibility and gender on the posture-dependent variables. After verifying an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility, multiple comparisons using the t test were applied. Results: Flexibility influenced the symmetry angle of the knee (p<0.05) and anteroposterior body tilt (p<0.05). Gender did not influence postural angles (p>0.05). There was an interactive effect between the variables of gender and flexibility on the knee symmetry angle (p<0.02). Male students with reduced flexibility had greater asymmetry of the knee when compared to the other subgroups. Conclusion: Posture was influenced by an isolated effect of the variable of flexibility and by an interactive effect between gender and flexibility...

Assessment of cross-cultural adaptations and measurement properties of self-report outcome measures in Portuguese relevant to temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review / Evaluación de las adaptaciones transculturales y propiedades de medida de cuestionarios en lengua portuguesa relacionados con trastornos temporomandibulares: una revisión sistemática / Avaliação das adaptações transculturais e propriedades de medida de questionários em língua portuguesa relacionados às desordens temporomandibulares: uma revisão sistemática

The aim of this study was to identify, through a systematic review, which questionnaires used to assess temporomandibular (TMD) disorders are available in the Portuguese language, describing and analyzing the procedures used to translate and adapt the questionnaire into Portuguese, as well their measurement properties. Systematic searches were performed in five electronic databases (MEDLINE by PubMed, Embase, CINAHL by EBSCO, SciELO and LILACS). All studies were analyzed according to the criteria of quality guidelines for the procedures for cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties. There were 1.418, of which only six were eligible. Manual search retrieved two additional articles and a book chapter, totaling nine eligible studies. Four instruments were translated/adapted into Portuguese: The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis II (RDC/TMD); the Fonseca Questionnaire and Anamnestic Index; the Questionnaire from the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (QAADO); and Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), but none of these questionnaires where fully submitted to the steps for translation and adaptation recommended by the followed guidelines and none of the questionnaires had all measurement properties tested. The RDC/TMD and tehe MFIQ are the best available questionnaires in Portuguese to assess TMD, as were those with the most measurement properties acceptable results tested.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, por medio de una revisión sistemática, los cuestionarios que evalúan los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) disponible en portugués, además de describir y analizar los procedimientos de traducción y adaptación al portugués de los mismos y sus respectivas propiedades de medida. Fueron realizadas búsquedas sistemáticas en cinco bases de datos (MEDLINE vía PubMed, Embase, CINAHL a través de EBSCO, SciELO y LILACS). Se analizaron todos los estudios de acuerdo a los criterios de calidad de directrices para los procedimientos de adaptación transcultural y propiedades de medida. Fueron encontrados 1.418 estudios, siendo que solo 6 fueron considerados elegibles. Fueron incluidos en búsqueda manual dos artículos y un capítulo de libro, totalizando nueve estudios. Cuatro instrumentos fueron traducidos/adaptados al portugués: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Questionário e Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca, Questionário da Academia Americana de Dor Orofacia (QAADO) y Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), pero ninguno de estos llevó a cabo plenamente las etapas de traducción y análisis de las propiedades de medida. El RDC/TMD y el MFIQ fueron considerados los instrumentos más adecuados, ya que fueron los que presentaron más propiedades de medida apropiadamente examinadas.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os questionários que avaliam as desordens temporomandibulares (DTM) disponíveis em português, bem como descrever e analisar os procedimentos de tradução e adaptação para a língua portuguesa dos mesmos e suas respectivas propriedades de medida. Foram realizadas buscas sistematizadas em cinco bases de dados (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, SciELO e LILACS). Todos os estudos foram analisados de acordo com os critérios de qualidade de diretrizes para os procedimentos de adaptação transcultural e propriedades de medida. Foram encontrados 1.418 estudos, sendo que apenas 6 foram considerados elegíveis. Foram incluídos em busca manual dois artigos e um capítulo de livro, totalizando nove estudos. Quatro instrumentos foram traduzidos/adaptados para a língua portuguesa: Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Questionário e Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca, Questionário da Academia Americana de Dor Orofacia (QAADO) e Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ), porém nenhum desses realizou completamente as etapas de tradução ou análise das propriedades de medida. O RDC/TMD e o MFIQ foram considerados os instrumentos mais adequados, pois foram os que apresentaram mais propriedades de medida apropriadamente testadas.

Electromyographic evaluation of the effect of ultrasound with muscle stretching in temporomandibular disorder: a clinical trial

AIM: To investigate the electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in women with myogenic or mixed TMD treated with ultrasound and ultrasound associated with stretching. METHODS: Sixteen women with myogenic or mixed TMD, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD), participated in the study. The patients were evaluated using surface electromyography (sEMG) of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles, during maximum intercuspation, before and immediately after application of therapeutic resources. All patients were treated by ultrasound (US), ultrasound associated with stretching and placebo ultrasound, by turns, once a week with a one-week minimum interval between them. RESULTS: There was greater symmetry of the masseter muscle electrical activity after ultrasound associated with stretching (p=0.03). The electromyographic values for the maximum intercuspation as well as the symmetry of anterior temporal muscle (p=0.47, p=0.84, p=0.84) and anteroposterior coefficient (p=0.07, p=0.84, p=0.57) showed no statistically significant difference after the intervention, placebo, ultrasound and ultrasound with stretching. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a single application of ultrasound and ultrasound associated with stretching were not able to modify the activity pattern of the masticatory muscles during maximum intercuspation, except the symmetry of the masseter muscle that increased with the last, in women with myogenic or mixed temporomandibular disorder...

Parâmetros cinemáticos da marcha de criança com paralisia cerebral: comparação entre diferentes formas de apoio / Kinematic gait parameters of a child with cerebral palsy: comparison between different forms of support

The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinematic characteristics of gait in children with spastic diplegia aided by different forms of support (one crutch, two crutches, and scapular girdle), and thus determine the most appropriate way to train gait in children with spastic diplegia based on biomechanical characteristics. The study subject was a female, nine-year-old child, diagnosed with cerebral palsy of spastic diplegia type. The following instruments were used for clinical evaluation of gross motor function: Gross Motor Function Classification System - GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Measure - GMFM 88, and Modified Ashworth Scale. The child performed five repetitions of gait with each type of support. By kinematic analysis, spatiotemporal and angular variables of hip and knee in the sagittal plane were obtained. The values closest to typical gait were obtained with 2 crutches, followed by support with scapular girdle and one crutch. It was possible to observe that gait with two crutches was the most appropriate form of support, considering the functionality and independence of the child assessed; however, gait supported by scapular girdle may be appropriate for gait training in clinical practice, because it stimulates different spatiotemporal and angular parameters.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar características cinemáticas da marcha de uma criança com diplegia espástica durante a deambulação auxiliada por diferentes modalidades de apoio (apoio de uma muleta, duas muletas e cintura escapular) e assim determinar com base nas características biomecânicas da marcha a forma mais adequada de treinar a deambulação de uma criança com diplegia espástica. Participou do estudo uma criança de nove anos de idade, do sexo feminino e com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral do tipo diplegia espástica. Para avaliação clínica da função motora grossa foi utilizado o Gross Motor Function Classification System - GMFCS, o Gross Motor Function Measure - GMFM-88 e a Escala Modificada de Ashworth. A criança realizou cinco repetições da marcha com cada modalidade de apoio e por meio de análise cinemática foram obtidas variáveis espaço-temporais e angulares do quadril e joelho no plano sagital. Os valores que permaneceram mais próximos da marcha no desenvolvimento motor típico foram os obtidos na marcha com duas muletas, seguida do apoio escapular e, por último, da marcha com uma muleta. Verificou-se que a marcha com duas muletas foi a modalidade de apoio mais indicada considerando-se a funcionalidade e independência da criança avaliada. Contudo, a marcha com apoio da cintura escapular pode ser indicada para o treinamento de marcha durante a prática clínica, por estimular diferentes parâmetros espaço-temporais e angulares.