A novel radiographic scoring system for growth abnormalities and structural change in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the hip.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-50% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have hip involvement within 6 years of diagnosis. Scoring systems for hip-related radiographic changes are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To examine precision of potential radiographic variables and to suggest a scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed a set of 75 pelvic radiographs from 75 children with JIA hip involvement across two European centres. We assessed findings of (1) destructive change and (2) growth abnormality, according to a pre-defined scoring system. All radiographs were scored independently by two sets of radiologists. One set scored the radiographs a second time. We used kappa statistics to rate inter- and intra-observer variability. RESULTS: Assessment of erosions of the femoral head, femoral neck and the acetabulum showed moderate to good agreement for the same reader (kappa of 0.5-0.8). The inter-reader agreement was, however, low (kappa of 0.1-0.3). There was moderate to high agreement for the assessment of femoral head flattening (kappa of 0.6-0.7 for the same reader, 0.3-0.7 between readers). Joint space narrowing showed moderate to high agreement both within and between observers (kappa of 0.4-0.8). Femoral neck length and width measurements, the centrum-collum-diaphysis angle, and trochanteric-femoral head lengths were relatively precise, with 95% limits of agreement within 10-15% of the observer average. CONCLUSION: Several radiographic variables of destructive and growth abnormalities in children with hip JIA have reasonable reproducibility. We suggest that future studies on clinical validity focus on assessing only reproducible radiographic variables.

The many shades of enhancement: timing of post-gadolinium images strongly influences the scoring of juvenile idiopathic arthritis wrist involvement on MRI.

BACKGROUND: Potential long-term side effects of treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis are concerning. This has necessitated accurate tools, such as MRI, to monitor treatment response and allow for personalized therapy. OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which timing of post-contrast MR images influences the scoring of inflammatory change in the wrist in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied two sets of post-contrast 3-D gradient echo MRI series of the wrist in 34 children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. These images were obtained immediately after administration of intravenous contrast material and again after approximately 10 min. The dataset was drawn from a prospective multicenter project conducted 2006-2010. We assessed five wrist locations for synovial enhancement, effusion and overall inflammation. Examinations were scored by one radiologist in two sessions - the first was based on the early post-contrast images, and the later session, for which the previous findings were masked, was based on the later post-contrast images. RESULTS: Fifty-two of the 170 locations (30.6%) received a higher synovial enhancement score based on the late post-contrast images as compared to the early images. Sixty of the 170 (35%) locations received a higher total inflammation score. The mean scores of synovial enhancement and total inflammation were significantly higher when based on the late post-contrast images as compared to the early post-contrast images. CONCLUSION: An MRI-based scoring system for the presence and degree of synovitis should be based on a standardized MR-protocol with a fixed interval between intravenous contrast injection and post-contrast images.