Physical Activity Levels and Body Mass Index in Sport Education. Is There a Difference?

Purpose: The goals of this study were: (1) to assess students' physical activity levels in a sport education season according to the phases of the model, adjusted for body mass index; (2) to uncover the contribution of the phases of the model to the World Health Organization recommendations; (3) to understand its impact in students with overweight/obesity. Methods: A total of 42 primary education students with a mean age of 10.68 ± 0.69 years, enrolled in one year 5 (10-11 years) and one year 6 (11-12 years). Physical Education lessons of the same school agreed to participate. Students in both groups experienced a 14-lesson learning unit in team handball through the sport education. Each participant wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer to measure physical activity levels, counts/minute and steps counted. Cole and Lobstein cutoff points were used to determine groups based on body mass index (thin, normal-weight, overweight/obese). Results: The results showed that the overweight/obese group achieved scores for moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time that were not significantly different from the normal-weight group. According to the phases, the preseason was the most active and contributed most to the World Health Organization recommendations in all groups. Conclusions: Sport education could be considered an appropriate pedagogical framework to help overweight/obese children achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary scores similar to their normal-weight classmates. Key elements of sport education include performing roles, learning work routines, and having the autonomy to choose games/tasks, all of which promote physical activity amongst all students.

Corrigendum: In-contest body acceleration profiles for the judo male and female weight divisions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1372314.].

In-contest body acceleration profiles for the judo male and female weight divisions.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the body accelerations (BA) profile of the judo contest of the male and female weight divisions and to ascertain the involvement of the vertical, mediolateral and anteroposterior axes in it. Methods: Forty-eight male and forty-eight female national and international level athletes (some of them medalists in World, European and national championships) participated in a 5-min simulated contest (official fight time plus breaks) against an opponent of the same sex and weight division, wearing an accelerometer. Heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded to certify that the athletes performed the fullest. Results: The t2way test expressed differences in the athletes' BA (p = 0.001) and three profiles were identified: the light/middle weight male divisions, the light/middle weight female divisions and the heavy male and female ones. Athletes of all weight divisions performed their BA during the contest in all three directions (the one-sample Person's chi-square did not detect any significantly predominant one: p = 0.400, p = 0.631, p = 0.844, p = 0.749, p = 0.644 and p = 0.895, for male light, moderate and heavy, female light, moderate and heavyweight athletes, respectively). Monte Carlo method simulations suggested as the most likely scenarios those with BA involving all axes, with a slight preference of the anteroposterior and mediolateral ones. Discussion: These results suggest that the demands on judo athletes in a contest differ between weight classes and sexes.

Prevention of motor ascending branch of the rectus femoris injuries in Bernese periacetabular osteotomy: a cadaveric study.

The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure used to treat hip dysplasia in young adults, but it carries the risk of neurological complications, including injury to the motor ascending branch of the rectus femoris (MABRF). This study aimed to describe anatomical considerations to prevent MABRF injuries during PAO. A cadaveric study was conducted on seven specimens. The original and modified PAO approaches were used, with and without disinsertion of the rectus femoris muscle origin. The femoral nerve was dissected in all specimens from the endopelvic position to the MABRF origin (T-point). The average distance from the anterosuperior iliac spine to the T-point was 10.2 ± 0.4 cm. To protect the MABRF, a safety zone was identified for the osteotome placement during the ischial cut. The osteotome was slid over the joint capsule, deflecting the iliocapsularis muscle medially and distally. This manoeuvre shields the MABRF with the iliocapsularis muscle, reducing the risk of neurological injury. Both the original and modified PAO approaches were considered safe techniques with low risk to the rectus femoris innervation. These findings offer valuable insights for surgeons performing PAO, emphasizing the significance of understanding anatomical relationships and implementing protective measures to enhance patient outcomes and minimize complications. In conclusion, implementing these anatomical considerations can help prevent MABRF injuries during PAO, contributing to safer and more successful surgical interventions for hip dysplasia in young adults.

Construction and Assessment of the Physical Activity and Physical Education Importance for Parents Scale.

A recent systematic review reported positive associations between parents and children's physical activity participation. Moreover, parents' perceptions of the importance and value of physical activity can influence their children's participation in it. Our aim in this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess parents' perceptions of the importance of physical activity and physical education. After first creating the instrument, we conducted content and exploratory factorial validation and reliability analyses of it with 93 parents (M age = 44.76, SD = 6.05, range = 31-66 years; 73 females, 20 males). The result was a 9-item instrument, with items assessed on a 5-point Likert scale and grouped into three factors: (a) importance of physical education; (b) importance of engaging in physical activity or sport; and (c) importance of joining your children in physical activity or sport. In a second confirmatory factor analysis with 224 parents (M age = 44.53, SD = 6.07; 174 or 77.7% females and 50 or 22.3% males) we confirmed the factor validity and reliability previously analyzed (χ2 = 42.77, df = 24, p = .011, GFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.98, NNFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.06 (90% CI: 0,04, 0.08), SRMR = 0.04, ECVI = 0.04, CR = 0.70-0.87). Thus, the new Physical Activity and Physical Education Importance for Parents Scale (PAPEIPS) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring parents' perceived importance of physical activity and physical education.

Artes marciales para estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión social: investigación acción participativa en un centro de día / Artes marciais para alunos em risco de exclusão social; investigação ação participativa em um centro dia / Martial arts for students at risk of social exclusión; participatory action research in a day center

Resumen Se plantearon dos objetivos: (O1) analizar los efectos de una intervención de artes marciales sobre las actitudes hacia la violencia; (O2) Señalar estrategias pedagógicas útiles para este tipo de programas. Se diseñó un estudio de caso dentro de un proceso de investigación-acción participativa. Participaron siete estudiantes de educación primaria (6-11 años) usuarios de un centro de día. Se implementó una intervención de ocho semanas (15 sesiones) basada en el Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Se recogió información a través de grupos de discusión, entrevistas individuales y diario del profesor. El análisis produjo tres categorías/temas (nueve subcategorías): cambios (actitudes hacia la violencia, comportamiento, relaciones sociales), sensaciones (positivas, negativas) y estrategias pedagógicas (contacto físico, etiqueta, encargado, juegos con momentos de calma). Los objetivos planteados fueron ampliamente conseguidos, disminuyendo las actitudes hacia la violencia de los participantes (O1) y señalando estrategias pedagógicas para poder replicar la intervención en diferentes contextos (O2). Por lo tanto, el programa puede considerarse un éxito para la mejora de las actitudes hacia violencia de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión que acudan a un centro de día.

Resumo Foram definidos dois objetivos: (O1) analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção de artes marciais nas atitudes face à violência; (O2) Apontar estratégias pedagógicas para esse tipo de programa. Um estudo de caso foi desenhado dentro de um processo de pesquisa-ação participativa. Participaram sete alunos do ensino básico (6-11 anos), utentes de um centro de dia. Foi implementada uma intervenção de oito semanas (15 sessões) baseada no Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos focais, entrevistas individuais e diário do professor. A análise produziu três categorias/temas (nove subcategorias): mudanças (atitudes perante à violência, comportamento, relações sociais), sensações (positivas, negativas) e estratégias pedagógicas (contato físico, etiqueta, gerente, jogos com momentos de calma). Os objetivos declarados foram em grande parte alcançados através da redução das atitudes dos participantes face à violência (O1) e da indicação de estratégias pedagógicas para poder replicar a intervenção em diferentes contextos (O2). Portanto, o programa pode ser considerado um sucesso por melhorar as atitudes face à violência entre os jovens em risco de exclusão que frequentam um centro de dia.

Abstract Two objectives were set: (O1) to analyze the effects of a martial arts intervention on attitudes towards violence; (O2) Point out pedagogical strategies for this type of program. A case study was designed within a participatory-action-research process. Seven primary school students (6-11 years old), users of a day center, participated. An eight-week intervention (15 sessions) based on Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was implemented. Information was collected through focus groups, individual interviews and the teacher's diary. The analysis produced three categories/themes (nine subcategories): changes (attitudes towards violence, behavior, social relationships), sensations (positive, negative) and pedagogical strategies (physical contact, etiquette, manager, games with moments of calm). The stated objectives were largely achieved by reducing participants' attitudes towards violence (O1) and indicating pedagogical strategies to be able to replicate the intervention in different contexts (O2). Therefore the program can be considered a success for improving attitudes towards violence among young people at risk of exclusion who attend a day center.

Human occupations of upland and cold environments in inland Spain during the Last Glacial Maximum and Heinrich Stadial 1: The new Magdalenian sequence of Charco Verde II.

The settlement of cold and arid environments by Pleistocene hunter-gatherers has been a heated topic in Paleolithic Archaeology and the Quaternary Sciences for years. In the Iberian Peninsula, a key area for studying human adaptations to such environments is composed by the large interior and upland regions of the northern and southern plateaus (Mesetas) and bordering areas. As, traditionally, these regions have been relatively under-investigated compared to the ecologically more favored coastal areas of the peninsula, our knowledge of the human settlement of the whole Iberian hinterland remains scarce for the Last Glacial. In this paper we present the discovery and first geoarcheological, paleoenvironmental and chronometric evidence obtained at Charco Verde II, a new site close to the southwestern foothills of the Iberian system range (Guadalajara province, Spain), bearing a sequence of Magdalenian human occupations starting at least at 20.8-21.4 ka cal BP during the Last Glacial Maximum, and covering Greenland Stadial 2 until ∼15.1-16.6 ka cal BP, including Heinrich stadial 1. As this site is located in an upland region which today faces one of the harshest climates in Iberia, such occupation sequence, occurred during some of the coldest and most arid phases of the Last Glacial, has relevant implications for our understanding of human-environment-climate interactions and population dynamics in Iberia and Western Europe. These findings support the hypothesis that the Iberian hinterland was not avoided by Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers due to ecological constraints, but it hosted a complex and relatively dense settlement at least in some areas, even during cold periods. This suggest, one more time, that the historical scarcity of Upper Paleolithic sites in inland Iberia is, to a significant extent, an artifact of research bias.

Network analysis of physical activity and depressive and affective symptoms during COVID-19 home confinement.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the network structure of physical activity, frequency, depressive, and affective symptoms in people under home isolation due to COVID-19. METHOD: A longitudinal study was conducted in two phases (beginning (March 19, 2020) and end of home confinement (April 8, 2020)). The sample consisted of 579 participants from Spain (250 men and 329 women) aged 16 to 92 years (overall sample: M = 47.06, SD = 14.52). A network analysis was performed. RESULTS: Four clusters emerged (PA, depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect). A higher frequency of physical activity was related to better-sustained attention, increased alertness, and enthusiasm. In addition, feelings of guilt and shame were mitigated, and confinement distress and irritability were reduced. Physical activity also mitigated fatigue in women, whereas feelings of unhappiness were reduced in men. CONCLUSION: Physical activity seems to be an effective option for mitigating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policymakers should develop programs to promote physical activity in order to be able to cope with confinement or similar scenarios in the future.

How class cohesion and teachers' relatedness supportive/thwarting style relate to students' relatedness, motivation, and positive and negative outcomes in physical education.

The main goal of this study was to examine the links between class cohesion and teachers' relatedness teaching style with students' relatedness needs, motivation, and positive and negative outcomes in Physical Education. A total of 1294 students 10-18 years old (M = 14.40, SD = 1.99), 613 males (M = 14.48, SD = 1.95) and 681 females (M = 14.33, SD = 2.02), agreed to participate. They were enrolled in 88 classes belonging to 13 different primary and secondary schools in southwestern Spain. The study followed a correlational research design. Results of the multilevel path model showed a positive relationship between teachers' relatedness support and class cohesion and behavioral and emotional engagement through relatedness need satisfaction and autonomous and controlled motivation. Results also showed a positive relationship between teachers' relatedness thwarting and disruptive behaviors and problematic relationships through relatedness need frustration and amotivation. In conclusion, teachers' relatedness behaviors and class cohesion can significantly impact the students' relatedness and motivation, which in turn will affect their engagement and behaviors. A whole cascade of consequences begins with the way teachers teach and the cohesion generated in class. These first steps cannot be overlooked.

Outcomes of Percutaneous Access to the First Versus Third Segment of Axillary Artery During Aortic Procedures.

PURPOSE: This article aims at investigating the outcomes of percutaneous access via the first versus third axillary artery (AXA) segments with closure devices during aortic procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients receiving percutaneous AXA access closed with Perclose ProGlide device (Abbott, Santa Clara, California) from 2008 to 2021 were included in a retrospective multicenter registry (NCT: 04589962). Efficacy endpoint was the technically successful percutaneous procedure (no open conversion). Safety endpoints were stroke and access complications according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 reporting standards. The first (AXA1) or third (AXA3) axillary puncture sites were compared. RESULTS: A total of 412 percutaneous AXA accesses were included: 172 (42%) in AXA1 and 240 (58%) in AXA3. Left AXA was catheterized in 363 cases (76% of AXA1 vs 97% of AXA3, p<0.001) and 91% of fenestrated/branched endovascular repair (F/BEVAR) procedures were conducted from the left. A ≥12F internal diameter (ID) sheath was used in 49% of procedures. Open conversion rate was 1%, no major vascular complications occurred, and only one major non-vascular complication was recorded. Primary closure failure occurred in 18 AXA1 (11%) and 32 AXA3 accesses (13%), treated by covered (8.3%) or bare-metal (2.7%) stenting. Bailout stent patency was 100% at median follow-up of 12 months, with 6 of 6 stents still patent after >36 months of follow-up. Stroke rate was 4.4%. An introducer sheath >12F was independently associated with both access complications (p<0.001) and stroke (p=0.005), while a right-side access was associated with stroke only (p=0.034). Even after adjustment for covariates, AXA1 versus AXA3 showed an equal success rate (odds ratio [OR]=0.537, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.011-1.22 for AXA3, p=0.104). The combination of AXA3 and a >10F introducer sheath provided worse outcomes compared with >10F sheaths through AXA1 (OR for success=0.367, 95% CI=0.176-0.767, p=0.008). This was not confirmed for >12F sheaths, associated with similar outcomes (p=0.31 AXA 1 vs AXA 3). CONCLUSION: Major local complications with the percutaneous axillary approach and ≤12F sheaths are infrequent and solvable by complementary endovascular interventions. Stroke risk remains an issue. First and third AXA segments are both amenable for access with good results, but larger sheaths (12F) perform better in AXA1. CLINICAL IMPACT: Percutaneous access with vascular closure devices at the first or third axillary artery (AXA) segments during aortic procedures is burdened by a negligible risk of open conversion. Local complications with the percutaneous axillary approach are infrequent and solvable by complementary endovascular interventions. First and third AXA segments are both amenable to access with excellent results, but larger sheaths (12F) perform better in the wider first AXA segment. In this setting, bailout stenting does not appear to be associated with mid-term stent occlusion.